Module3TheViolenceofnature知识点.pdf

1B3-Module 3 The Violence of NatureIntroduction1.(回归课本 P21)Have you ever experienced a flood?experience C(一次)经历，体验；U经验；阅历 vt.经历，体验归纳总结 have much teaching/working experience 教学/工作经验丰富by/from experience 凭经验；从经验中(得出)in ones experience 据某人的经验看experience in/of 在方面的经验experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的be experienced in 在方面有经验 例句探源 Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.You will have your choice between hot or cold rooms，but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.In my experience，these things never last very long.He had no experience of managing a farm.即境活用 1He is_as a leader but he doesnt have _in teaching.Asuccess；many experience Ba success；much experience Csuccess；an experience Dsuccess；a lot of experiences2.We had _pleasant experience when my family were on _vacation last summer.A/；/Ba；a C/；a Da；/2.(回归课本 P21)Do you know anything about the events？For example，what causes them?cause cause vt.导致；引起 n原因，起因；理由；事业；例句探源 I dont know the cause and effect about it.我不知道此事的前因后果。Jimmys behaviour is causing me a lot of problems.吉米的所作所为给我带来许多麻烦。What was the cause of the accident?那场事故的起因是什么？Her life was devoted to the cause of justice.她为正义事业而献身。归纳总结 cause sb.to do sth.引起某人做某事,cause sb.sth.给某人引来某事,cause and effect 因果因果,the cause of.的原因；的原因；的事业的事业易混辨析易混辨析 cause，reason，excuse(1)cause 意为“起因，原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和 effect 连用，表示因果。(2)reason 意为“理由，原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是真正的理由，也可能不是，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。(3)excuse 指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由，原因”，也就是我们常说的“借口”。Too much work is no excuse for absence.Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.热是物体膨胀的原因。The reason for his driving so fast was that he would attend an important meeting.即境活用即境活用 1.According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily_and effect.Areason Bimpact Cfact Dcause 2.We do not yet know the _of the accident.Acause Breason Cpurpose Dexcuse Reading1.(回归课本 P23)Almost all of them occur in the US.，.occur vi.发生，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现(occurred/occurring)The accident occurred at five oclock.某人想起某人想起sth.occurs to sb A brilliant idea occurred to me.It occurs to sb that It suddenly occurred to her that Tom was afraid of being alone.易混辨析易混辨析 occur，happen，take place，break out(1)occur 属正式用语，它可以指偶然地“发生”，也可以指在指定的时间“发生，出现”，还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”。在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与 happen 互换。That accident happened/occurred yesterday.It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.(2)happen 常用词语，指事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生；其后接不定式或用在 It happened that.句型中，意为“恰好，碰巧，偶然”。I happened to meet her on my way home.(3)take place 指发生了事先计划或预想到的事情，常做“举行”讲。The meeting took place at 800 as planned.(4)break out 指(战争、火灾等)突然发生 The fire broke out during the night.即境活用即境活用 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_.（安徽高考）A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;occurring 2.(回归课本 P23)Tornadoes can pick up cars,trains and even houses and put them down in the next street pick up 卷起；掀起卷起；掀起2.1看下列句子看下列句子,体会体会pick up的用法的用法.收听收听(健康、生意、社交生活等健康、生意、社交生活等)恢复，变好，好转恢复，变好，好转 开车接（某人）开车接（某人）捡起，拾起捡起，拾起 收拾，整理收拾，整理 加加(速速)无意中学会无意中学会 便宜地买到便宜地买到(1)She picked up a stone and threw it at the window._ _(2)Can you do me a favor to pick up my daughter from school?_ _(3)The train was gradually picking up speed._(4)He picked up French very quickly when he was traveling in France._ _(5)My radio can pick up BBC English and VOA easily._(6)Under good treatment,Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover._(7)The room must be picked up before the guests arrive._2(8)He picked up some used stamps._2.2 分析分析put down 的意义的意义 写下，记下写下，记下 镇压镇压 放下放下 1)put down a rebellion _2)Put down you name and address._ 3)Put those heavy bags down for a minute._【拓展拓展】put up 搭建、举起搭建、举起 put on 穿上穿上 put off 推迟推迟 put out 熄灭熄灭put up with 忍受、容忍忍受、容忍 put forward 提出提出 即境活用即境活用 1She _Japanese when she was in Japan.Now she can speak it freely.Apicked outBmade out Cmade up Dpicked up2.This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can_my father.Afind out Bpick out Clook out Dspeak out 3.They can destroy houses,but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.(P23)leave+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语“让/使保持某种状态”。宾语后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等作补足语。Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.(leave+object+adj)Dont leave me waiting outside too long.The bad weather left the project half finished.Teds parents went abroad and left him in the care of his grandmother.His parents both died last year,leaving him an orphan.What weve done leaves much to be desired.即境活用即境活用 1Youd better not leave the medicine_kids can get at it.Aeven ifBwhich Cwhere Dso that 2.Was the problem solved at the meeting?Not yet.Im afraid it may lead to more serious ones if_unsolved.Amaking Bremained Cleft Dtaking 4.On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.on average 平均，平均起来平均，平均起来On average,there are twenty boys present every day.It takes me a week to read a book,on average.causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.是现在分词短语作结果状语。用现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且现在分词现在分词表示的结果是一种必然的、顺理成章必然的、顺理成章的结果。而不定式则表示出乎意料的结果不定式则表示出乎意料的结果。European football is played in more than 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.80 多个国家都踢欧式足球，这使它成为世界上最流行的运动。The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable.He woke up and looked out of the window,to find the world outside greatly changed.即境活用即境活用 1(2010 年高考江苏卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，_the students to return to their classrooms.Aenabling Bhaving enabled Cto enable Dto have enabled2.(2009 年高考上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_all four people on board.Akilled Bkilling Ckills Dto kill 5.Strike-struck-struck/stricken打动，给打动，给印象印象（钟）敲响（钟）敲响击；打击；打(灾难，疾病灾难，疾病)侵袭，爆发侵袭，爆发 突然想到突然想到 划（火划（火.柴）柴）撞击；碰撞击；碰 罢工罢工 1)Charles Coghlan died in 1899,a year before the hurricane struck._ 2)She struck him in the face._ _ 3)The boat struck(on)a rock._ _ 4)The visitors are struck by the beauty of the Country._ 5)A good idea struck the manager._ _ 6)strike the match _ 7)I was about to go out when the clock struck _8）The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%._辨析辨析 strike,hit,beatstrike 指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性殴打、打击或敲打，有时与 hit 通用，可以用于比喻意义，表示“袭击”。beat 表示有目的地在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打，也可以是重打；在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；阳光（雨点）照射（点打）在上，还专指心脏跳动。hit 着重指打中和击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。6.The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea.(L33,P23)bury vt.埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆盖埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆盖The climbers were buried under a pile of rocks.She had learnt to bury her feelings.After divorce,she buried herself in her work.知识拓展：bury sth.under/beneath 将某物埋在将某物埋在下面下面 bury ones face in hands 双手掩面双手掩面 bury ones feelings 感情不外露感情不外露 bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于埋头于，专心于，专心于即境活用即境活用 _ deep down in the earth,the dead forest rotted away and became coal.A.Be buried B.To bury C.Being buried D.Buried end up 以以结束；结果为结束；结果为1)We were going to go out,but ended up watching videos.2)If you go on like this,youll end up in prison.33)The meeting ended up with a new song.4)He ended up as the head of the company.5)If he carried on driving like that,hell ended up dead.end up with 以以结束（指以某种方式结束）结束（指以某种方式结束）(finish by doing or having)end up in.以以告终告终(后跟结果且不好结果后跟结果且不好结果)(finally be in a particular place or situation)from beginning to the end 自始至终，从头到尾自始至终，从头到尾come to an end 到头了，结束了到头了，结束了put an end to sth.使使结束结束bring sth.to an end 使使结束结束make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出使收支相抵，量入为出Listening:1.erupt vi.(火山的火山的)爆发；喷发；突然发生爆发；喷发；突然发生Mount Vesuvius hasnt erupted for a good many years.维苏威火山已有很多年没爆发了。Laughter erupted from the audience.观众一阵大笑。Violence erupted in the city after the football match.足球赛后城里发生了暴力事件。知识拓展eruption n.U，C(火山的)爆发；喷发；突发The eruption of volcano makes many people lose their lives.火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。It resulted in the eruption of the crisis in Asia.那件事促成了亚洲危机的发生。2previous 先前的Who was the previous owner of the car?这辆汽车以前的车主是谁？Have you had previous career experience?你过去有过工作经验吗？previous to 在之前(to 为介词)His father died two hours previous to his arrival.他父亲在他到达之前两小时去世了。Previous to leaving for France,he studied a lot about the country.他在启程去法国前，对有关法国的事情作了相当多的研究。3.warn vt.警告；提醒；告诫He warned us that the roads were icy.他提醒我们路上结了冰。I warned him of the danger.我提醒他有危险。He had been warned not to talk to anyone.已警告过他不要与任何人交谈。He warned me against crossing the street at that place.他警告我不要在那个地方过马路。warning n.警告；告诫Thanks to my mothers warning,I didnt get caught in the rain.多亏了妈妈的警告，我没有挨雨淋。There is a warning on the bottle of the medicine.那药瓶上标有注意事项。高考直击(2010天津13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.on C.for D.against即学即用 She gave her child a_not to play near the railway line.Amessage Btip Cadvice DwarningThe patient was warned_oily food after the operation.Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Ddont to eat4.possibility n.可能；可能性；可能发生的事(常用复数)Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week?本周你有可能去伦敦吗？What seemed impossible seems a distinct possibility.过去看似不可能的事现在显然有可能了。知识拓展 possible adj.可能的Ill do everything possible to help you.我会尽一切可能帮助你。即学即用_is_that you grow this flower even in winter.AThere;possible BIt;possible CIt;possibility DThat;possible5.set fire to 使着火(set sth.on fire)Sparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.Rioters set fire to a whole row of shops.暴乱分子放火烧了一整排商店。知识拓展catch fire 着火着火(表示动作表示动作)make a fire 生火生火 be on fire 着火着火(表示状态表示状态)play with fire 玩火；做危险的事玩火；做危险的事 set sth.on fire 放火烧放火烧 set about 开始做；着手做开始做；着手做set out 出发；开始出发；开始 set down 放下；记下放下；记下 set free 释放释放set off 启程；使爆炸启程；使爆炸 set up 建立建立 set back 使倒退使倒退set to 认真开始做认真开始做 set forward 出发；出动出发；出动即学即用 Some youths had _ to a police car.Acatch fire Bset fire Con fire Dsetted fireCultural Corner1worldwide1)adj.遍及全世界的In a word,worldwide economic trends are good.总的来说，世界经济趋势是好的。2)adv.遍及世界各地，全世界4Our products are sold worldwide.我们的产品销往世界各地。知识拓展 world-famous adj.世界闻名的 world power n.世界强国 world-class adj.国际水平的 world war n.世界大战翻译句子这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。_答案：The story has attracted worldwide attention.2active adj.活跃的；积极的He is an active member of the club.他是俱乐部的积极分子。Although she is nearly 80,she is still active.尽管快 80 岁了，她还是很活跃。She is very active in the local business circle.她在当地的商业圈非常活跃。搭配take an active part in sth.积极参与某事He takes an active part in school life.他积极参与学校活动。be active in(doing)sth.积极参加某事She is active in political activities.她热衷于政治。He was active in organizing student meetings.他积极组织学生集会。3damage un./vt 损害；危害do/cause damage to sth.危害/损害The storm caused great damage/did a lot of damage.暴风雨带来了许多损失。The accident did a lot of damage to the car.这一事故把汽车损坏得很严重。知识拓展do wrong to sb.do sb.wrong 冤枉某人冤枉某人do good to sb.do sb.good 对某人有好处对某人有好处do a favor for sb.do sb.a favor 帮某人一把；给某人以恩惠帮某人一把；给某人以恩惠词语辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage“损坏”，意味着损坏后价值或效率降低，一般是部分性的。destroy指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含“不能或很难修复”的意思。ruin指逐渐地“毁坏”，使失去价值、兴致等。I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练足球时我把鞋弄坏了。The building was completely destroyed by fire.那座建筑物被火烧得一干二净。The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。即学即用 Though the flood did great_to the crops,farmers still won a good harvest.AhurtBruin Cdamage DinjuryGrammarI.过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被语态由过去完成时的被语态由“助动词助动词 hadbeen过去分词过去分词”构成。构成。规规 则则 说说 明明例例句句表示在过去某一时间或表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生被动动作。该动作发生的时间是的时间是“过去的过去过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用这一过去时间可用 by,at,before 等构成的短语等构成的短语或或 when,after,until 等引等引导的从句或通过上下文导的从句或通过上下文来表示。来表示。The project had been completed by the end of 1990.这项工程已于这项工程已于 1990 年底竣工。年底竣工。The classroom had been cleaned before we came.我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。The dog had been tortured after he was stolen from his owners yard.这只狗自它被从主人的院子里偷走后受尽这只狗自它被从主人的院子里偷走后受尽了虐待。了虐待。表示从过去某一时间开表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去；常可能还要延续下去；常和和 for 或或 since 引导的表引导的表示一段时间的短语或从示一段时间的短语或从句连用。句连用。The sale had been advertised for several weeks.这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。Much work had been done since she arrived here.自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。用在表示与过去事实相用在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。反的虚拟条件从句中。If the work had been done earlier,it had already been finished.如果早点做这项工作，现在就已经做完了。如果早点做这项工作，现在就已经做完了。5用在含有被动形式的间用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像常放在像 said,told,thought,wondered 等过等过去时动词后面，表示在去时动词后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生这些动作之前已经发生的动作。的动作。My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。II.直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 Direct speech and Indirect Speech1、人称代词的变化人称代词的变化直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：第一人称第三人称；第二人称第一人称；第三人称第三人称，简记为“二一、一三、三留”。e.g.Im thinking of changing my address.he said.He said that he was thinking of changing his address.(I 和 he 指同一个人)Xiao Ming asked me,Are you going to the park with us?Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us 与 them 指相同的人，Xiao Ming 是其中的一员；me 和 you 指同一个人)Mr.Li said,She will attend the meeting.Mr.Li said that she would attend the meeting.(Mr.Li 和 she 不是同一个人)但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。e.g.I said to my children,I will give you some presents on Christmas Day.I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day.(I 为同一说话者)2、时态的变化时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：一般现在时一般过去时，一般将来时过去将来时，现在进行时过去进行时，现在完成时过去完成时，一般过去时/过去完成时过去完成时。e.g.My father told me,He will come back next week.My father told me that he would come back the next week.She asked me,Did you finish your homework?She asked me if I had finished my homework.要注意，直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时 e.g.The teacher said to us,Light runs much faster than sound.The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态 e.g.The old man often says,I joined the Red Army when I was young.The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时 e.g.The politics teacher said to us,The party was founded in 1921.The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather 及 need，must，ought to 等时 e.g.He said to me,I would rather live in the countryside.He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.She said,I would be happy if I were a bird.She said that she would be happy if she were a bird.3、句型的变化句型的变化直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化1、变陈述句为由 that 引导的宾语从句（that 常省略）e.g.I want to improve my English at school,said the child.The child said(that)he wanted to improve his English at school.2、变一般疑问句为由 if/whether 引导的从句,并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。e.g.Are you sure he will come today?Jenny asked Helen.Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.3、变选择疑问句为由 whether.or./whether.or not 引导的从句 e.g.Is he a director or an actor?she asked me.She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.4、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句,并将疑句语序变为陈述语序。5、e.g.When did you come here?Tom asked Jim.Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词 ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定 e.g.The doctor said to the patient,Dont eat oily food again.The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.7、变感叹句为 how 或 what 引出