英语音标详解.ppt

EnglishPronunciation精选课件EnglishPhonemesSyllables,StressandRhythmReadingskillsIntonationDifferencebetween“BritishEnglish”and“AmericanEnglish”精选课件GameofTonesReadthefollowinglettersinrisingtoneandfallingtone.A B C D E F G H I J K L M NOPQRSTUVWXYZ精选课件EnglishPhonemesVowelsConsonants精选课件VOWELLettersAa/e/Ee/i:/e/Ii/a/Yy/a/i:/Oo/Uu/ju:/精选课件Vowels精选课件FrontVowelsOpenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,spreadyourlipswide,likeyouaresmiling,thisisalongvowel.webeeseafieldreceivepolicepeople精选课件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/i:/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsaremorerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.visitexamminuteMonday精选课件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsarerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.endredmanyheadfriend精选课件FrontVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound,yourlipsarerelaxed,thisisashortvowel.amcat精选课件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsaretight.termgirlwordfurlearnjournal精选课件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsarerelaxed.betterdoctoragofamouscolorfigure todayopen精选课件CentralVowelsFirstmakethesound/e/,thenopenyourmouthalittlemore,putyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle,butalittlemoreforwardandupthanthesound/.yourtongueisataroundthelowermiddleofthemouth.Yourlipsarerelaxed.sonbutcoupleblooddoes精选课件BackVowelsFirstmakethesound/,thenopenyourmouthalittlemore,putyourtonguebackwardandlower.Yourlipsareroundinshape.Thisisalongvowel.carclasshalfheartaunt精选课件Firstmakethesound/a:/,thencloseyourmouthalittlemore.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.BackVowelsdogwantcoughknowledgebecause精选课件BackVowelsFirstmakethesound/,thenmakeyourmouthmoreclosedandmorerounded,putthebackofthetongueupalittletomakethesound.Thisisalongvowel.war talk allhorse board beforefour doorlawfaultbought精选课件BackvowelsFirstmakethesound/,thenraisethebackofyourtongueandputforwardalittletomakethesound.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.footcouldbushwoman精选课件BackvowelsFirstmakethesound/u/,thenraisethebackofyourtongueandpullbackwardalittletomakethesound.Yourlipsarestronglyroundinshape.Thisisashortvowel.dogoosesouprudechewshoetwofruit精选课件Listenandcheckyour/精选课件Diphthongs精选课件Firstmakethesound/e/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/e/to/.gateraindaysteintheygreatsleigh精选课件Firstmakethesound/a/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/a/to/.timediecryeyehighheightbuy精选课件Firstmakethesound/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/to/.boilboy精选课件Firstmakethesound/a/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/a/to/.blousecow精选课件Firstmakethesound/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/to/.boattoesolowsoulthough精选课件/tour-Wemadeatouroftheyacht.-HetookheronatourofEurope.-Ithinkyouarenotquitesureaboutit./Firstmakethesound/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/to/.poortoursureduringtheycruelusual精选课件Firstmakethesound/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/to/,withthetonguemovingupfromfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth.heroheredearcheermediafamiliar idea period Vietnam fierce medium精选课件Firstmakethesound/e/,thenmakethesound/,thereisaglidefrom/e/to/,withthetonguemovingfromlowfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth.bearcareairtheirthere精选课件Consonants精选课件ConsonantLettersBb/b/Dd/d/Cc/k/s/Ff/f/Gg/g/Dd/d/d/Hh/h/Kk/k/Gg/g/d/Ll/l/Mm/m/Jj/d/Nn/n/Pp/p/Qq/k/Rr/r/Ss/s/z/Tt/t/t/Vv/v/Yy/j/Ww/w/Zz/z/X/ks/gz/精选课件Bilabial/PlosivesFirstcloseyourlipshard,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotuseyourvoice.精选课件Bilabial/PlosivesFirstcloseyourlipshard,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound.Useyourvoice.精选课件Alveolar/PlosivesFirstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotuseyourvoice.teachThailandbetterstopped精选课件Alveolar/PlosivesFirstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Useyourvoice.daymiddle精选课件Velar/PlosivesFirsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Donotusethevoice.cockcakeaskliketaxischoolconquer精选课件Velar/PlosivesFirsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,andpushtheairinyourmouthforward.Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound.Usethevoice.goghostegg精选课件Labio-dental/FricativeFirstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip,andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication.Donotusethevoicefitphotooffenough精选课件Labio-dental/FricativeFirstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip,andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication.Usethevoice精选课件Alveolar/FricativesFirstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.goosesocentniecetaxisciencepassbox精选课件AlveolarFirstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication.Useyourvoice.hiszooprizethose精选课件Glottal/FricativeFirstopenyourmouth,andforceastreamofairoutofyourmouthwithafrication.Keepyourtongueofftheroofofthemouth,anddonotuseyourvoice.hatwho精选课件Dental/FricativePutyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.精选课件Dental/FricativePutyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Useyourvoice.精选课件Palato-alveolarRaisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid-roofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Donotuseyourvoice.sheetmachinedeliciousmotionsuretensionfascist精选课件Palato-alveolarRaisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid-roofofyourmouth.Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.Useyourvoice.casual allusionseizuregarageregime精选课件Alveolar/LateralFirstputyourtonguetipontheupperteeth-ridge.Forcetheairoutoverbothsidesofyourtongue.Useyourvoicewhenmakingthesound/l/.Whenitsbeforeavowel,itisaclear/l/-lostlatevanilla精选课件Alveolar/LateralWhenitisbeforeaconsonantorattheendoftheword,itisadark/l/,alsoas/l/pullpooltalkwouldSilent“l”精选课件Post-alveolar/ApproximantRaiseyourtonguetiptowardsthebackoftheteethridgewithouttouchit.Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape.readcarrywrongrhythm精选课件Bilabial/ApproximantFirstmakethesound/u:/,thenmakeyourlipstightlyroundandpushtheairout.water quitewhatone精选课件Palatal/ApproximantFirstmakethesound/i:/,thenraisethemiddleofyourtonguetotouchtheroofofthemouth,makingyourlipsspreadandforcetheairout.Useyourvoicetomakethissound.yetcueview精选课件Bilabial/NasalFirstcloseyourmouth,andsendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.mansummercombautumn精选课件Alveolar/NasalFirstopenyourmouth,andputyourtonguetipagainstyourteethridge,thensendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.namefunnysignknow精选课件Velar/NasalFirstopenyourmouth,andtouchthebackroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue,thensendtheairoutfromyournose.Useyourvoicetomakethissound,andthisisavoicedconsonant.singsink精选课件Palato-alveolarJointhesound/t/and/.Donotusethevoice.chairwatchquestionnature精选课件Palato-alveolarJointhesound/d/and/.Usethevoice.jamgemjudgeadjacent精选课件/tr/tree-Thetruckwasheavilyloaded.-Weplanttreesandflowersinspring.-Thisideaseemsgoodbutyouneedtotryitout./tr/Jointhesound/t/and/r/.Donotusethevoice.tryvictorysecretary精选课件/dr/dress-Shewearsabeautifuleveningdress.-Dontdrinkanddrive.-Ihadsomeverystrangedreamslastnight./dr/Jointhesound/d/and/r/.Usethevoice.精选课件/ts/boats/ts/-Therearethreeboatsontheriver.-Twocatsarerunningafteramouse.-Theskirtsareverylovely.-Theantslikeeatingapples.Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Donotuseyourvoice.精选课件/dz/woods/dz/-Theirfamilyoftenpicnicsinthewoods.-Shefindsthestonesontheseashore.-SarahandIhadagreattimewhilethekidswereaway.Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth.Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication.Useyourvoice.精选课件Syllables,StressandRhythm精选课件SyllablesAsyllableisaunitoforganizationforasequenceofspeechsounds.Asyllableistypicallymadeupofasyllablenucleus(avowelorsyllabicconsonant)withoptionalinitialandfinalmargins(typically,consonants).syllabic consonant:/r/m/n/l/aconsonantformsasyllableonitsownoristhenucleusofasyllable.animalmiddlebattlecriticismsymbolismtourismcousindozenfrozenbuttoncottonmuttonmaidensuddenwoodenMonosyllable OneSyllablewordsItreegreatpleaselightwordDisyllable TwoSyllablewordsCitytablerelystudentpupilPolysyllable MultiSyllablewordsBasketballnationalitytelephone精选课件StressThestressplacedonsyllableswithinwordsiscalledwordstressorlexicalstress.ThepositionofstressinawordisnotpredictableinEnglish.Stressisusuallytrulylexicalandmustbememorizedaspartofthepronunciationofanindividualword.Thestressmarkisplacedimmediatelybeforeastressedsyllable,andwhenthestressedsyllableisinthemiddleofaword,thestressmarkalsomarksasyllablebreak.Forexampleinthewordunderstood/ndstd/Sometimesmorethanonelevelofstress,suchasprimarystressandsecondarystress,maybeidentified.Forexampleintheword“education”GeneralRules:PrefixesunstressedSuffixesthatcauseashiftofstressintherootword:-eous,-graphy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ical,-ious,-ity,-ionPhotographphotographyphotographicNumerals:stressonthefirstsyllableCompound:stressonthefirstelementReflexives:stressonself/selves精选课件StresswintersummerseasonpeoplepicnicswallowgentlerainbowbeginsuccessenjoydecideAttentionbesidegiraffealarmmagazineuniversitylemonadeunderstandconversationengineerkangarooChinesethirteenafternoonunknownsixteenseventeeneighteennineteen精选课件重读单词-变化一个单词重读音节的位置变化会导致单词词性发生变化。therecordn.torecordv.thepresentn.topresentv.thedesertn.todesertv.theproducen.toproducev.perfectadj.toperfectv.精选课件句子中的重读和弱读实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)以及其他信息词（疑问词、指示代词、物主代词、小品词、否定缩略词）一般是重读，而功能词（冠词、代词、所有格、介词、助动词、连词）一般是弱读。Dontbelate.DobequietComeon,Idontwanttobelate.Whosinthebathroom?HiswifesItalian.Themansinthekitchen.精选课件sentencestress强度重要的词语（实词或信息词）制造话语节奏精选课件RhythmSpeakersofstressed-timedlanguagessuchasEnglishandMandarinChineseputroughlyequaltimelagsbetweenstressedsyllables,withthetimingoftheunstressedsyllablesinbetweenthembeingadjustedtoaccommodatethestresstiming.Syllable/slbl/syllableBasketball/bsktbl/basketbleTelephone/telfn/telephoneDepartment/dptmnt/departmentTelevision/telvn/televisionNecessary/nessri/necessaryRemarkable/rmkbl/remarkableEducation/eduken/educationNationality/nnlti/nationalityPhysiology/fzildi/physiologyCommunication/kmjunken/communicationExamination/zmnen/examinationCreativity/krietvti/creativity精选课件RhythmicPatterns在重读音节和非重读音节之间有长短不同的停顿，非重读音节越多，就读的越快。精选课件stress-timednature.catseatfishthecatiseatingthefishthecatstherehaveeatenthefishthecatstheremusthaveeatenthefishthecatstherecouldhavebeeneatingthefish精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件RhythmicPatterns精选课件ConsonantclustersWord-Initial Clusters blblowbladeblackblameblankblockclclassclevercloseclueclingclarityflflagflakeflameflankflapflashglgladglassglowglideglazeglanceplplayplanpleaseplantplentyplugslslaveslangslowslotslipsleep精选课件brbreadbreakbringbrightbrownbrothercrcrackcradlecreamcreatecrycrossdrdreaddrydrilldreamdressdrivefrfromfryfrogfrontfriendfrostgrgreatgreengrowgroundgriefgrinprpraisepraypreachpracticepreparepresenttrtreetraytrytraintreattroubleWord-InitialClusters精选课件scscanscalescarescatterschoolscheduleskskirtskyskateskipskillskinslsleepslightsliceslyslipperslendersmsmallsmartsmellsmilesmokesmoothsnsnacksnowsnagsnailsnakesnapspspacespadesparespeakspokespoonststarstaystealstorestopstudentswsweepsweatswellswimswitchSwisssplsplitsplashsplendidsplendorsplurgesplicescrscrabblescramblescratchscreamscreensprspreadspringsprayspritesprinklesproutstrstrangestraightstressstreetstrongstrikesqusquaresquashsqueaksqueezesquealsquawkWord-InitialClusters精选课件thrthreethreadthrivethrowthroughthrillthwthwackthwaitethwartWord-InitialClusters精选课件Word-FinalClustersvoicelessconsonant+s/s/bookscapscupsvoicelessconsonant+t/t/factleftshiftvoicelessconsonant+ed/t/askedlookedworked-t+s/ts/boatscoatscatsvoicedconsonant+s/z/pigseggsfilmsvoicedconsonant+ed/d/closedturnedclimbed-d+s/dz/bedsspendsgrades-f/fe+s=ves/vz/leaveswivesknivesconsonant+y+s=ies/iz/ladiesstudiesstories/aiz/fliesspiestries精选课件otherconsonantformationchwatchesshwashesge+es/iz/bridgesxboxessbusest+ed/id/wanteddmended精选课件RhymeHumptyDumptysatonawall.HumptyDumptyhadagreatfall.Allthekingshorses,Andallthekingsmen,CouldntputHumptytogetheragain.精选课件Blow,Wind,BlowBlow,wind,blow!Andgo,mill,go!Thatthemillermaygrindhiscorn;Thatthebakermaytakeit,Andintorollsmakeit,Andsendussomehotinthemorn.精选课件ImalittleteapotImalittleteapot,shortandstout,Hereismyhandle,hereismyspout,WhenIgetallsteamedup,hearmeshout,Tipmeoverandpourmeout.精选课件Readingskills精选课件爆破音Plosives爆破音就是发音的时候，口腔中会形成一层阻碍，必须通过阻碍，发出的声音。/b/be/p/peacap/d/bedduck/t/bettable/g/piggirl/k/pickcat精选课件爆破音+辅音爆破音和辅音相邻时，爆破音不发出爆破声，只保留发音动作，稍作停顿，实际上，只有后一个辅音发音。/b/jobsearch/p/keepquietstoptalkingfriendshipfirstkeepsilentstepforward精选课件爆破音+破擦音爆破音与/ts/dz/tr/dr/t/d/f/v/s/z/r/h/相连时，轻微爆破。/d/hardtimesathousandthanksagoodseasongoodnews/t/post-cardjustthenfirststepbrightsky精选课件爆破音+音节辅音爆破音与/m/n/l/相连时，轻微爆破。/g/abigzooabigtreeabigjarabigfish/k/takethistakecaretakethreeablackjacket精选课件爆破音1+爆破音2+爆破音3第一个爆破音为不完全爆破，形成并保持较长时间，第二个不发音，第三个正常爆破。SleptbadlylaggedbehindcollectpenniesRobbedcarspickedberriesadapttothegrowth精选课件爆破音的送气当爆破音/p/,/t/,/k/在重读音节中紧跟在/s/的后面时，爆破音就不送气。也就是由/b/替代/p/,/d/替代/t/，/g/替代/k/。Speaksparesportspyspring/sb/Schoolscarscorescareskirt/sg/Starstaystealstupidstock/sd/精选课件弱化weakening非重读单词弱化：1.元音弱化为/I/或者/be,me,he,she,the,wehis/z/he/him/m/a,an,some,the,them,us,am,are,can,do,does,had,has,have,must,shall,was,were,will,at,for,from,of,to,and,as,but,so,than,that,could,wouldhad/d/has/z/have/v/must/ms/will/l/and/n/2.有时候单词的元音消失am/m/can/kn/do/d/had/d/has/z,s/have/v/z,s/some/sm/shall/l/them/m/was/wz/for/fr/from/frm/of/v,f/and/nd,n/than/n/精选课件StrongForms&WeakForms精选课件StrongForms&WeakForms精选课件StrongForms&WeakForms精选课件StrongForms&WeakForms精选课件StrongForms&WeakForms精选课件commoncontractions精选课件commoncontractions精选课件连读Linking前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，两个词就发生连读：ComeinWorkoutGoodideaThinkofitReaditagainSpeakEnglishFirstofallAllofus精选课件r/re结尾的单词结尾的单词+元音开头的单词元音开头的单词/r/添音添音ThereisThereareOurownMoreoverFarawayRememberitLateron连读精选课件Glides/j/&/w/延音滑动/j/glide:sayjitmyjowntoyjairplane/w/glide:Howwisit?bluewinkIsawwit精选课件AssimilationProgressive Assimilation 顺同化顺同化 前一个语音影响后一个语音studentslaughedbagsbacksmovedfishedRegressive Assimilation 逆同化逆同化后一个语音影响前一个语音Haveto/hft/hasto/hst/usedto/ju:st/horsehoe/h:u:/hisshirt/hi:t/cupboard/kbd/fivepens/fafpns/Hesinpain/m/ItrainsinMay./m/TheyreinKorea/精选课件coalescentAssimilation融合同化两个语音互相影响，融合为一个新的音/s,t/+/j/-/issuesugarsurenationancientHescomingthisyear./z/+/j/-/pleasurevisionoccasion