2018届高考英语第二轮知识点随堂巩固训练9.doc

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阅读理解板块练(一)
A
(2017·成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)
Welcome to Whitney High School!
Spring Kids Dance Clinic
The WHS Dance Team is hosting the annual Spring Dance Clinic for children aged 5－13.If your son or daughter is interested in attending this camp, you may download the form and return it to the WHS office or register online!
QUESTIONS? CONTACT: Halley Crandell at [e-mail].
WHERE: Whitney High School Cafeteria
WHEN: April 22nd, 9 am－12：30 pm
COST: $25 online registration and $30 walk­up registration
Kaplan SAT/ACT Combo Practice Test
Offered in the WHS Library
Saturday, April 29th, 9 am－1 pm
Registration is $20.
Please sign up in the College and Career Center by April 21st to secure a spot.
Please see Mrs.Randazzo in the College and Career Center to sign up or for questions.
Lions Club Student Speech Contest
Enter to be one of two Whitney High School students to qualify for the Rocklin Lions Club Speech Contest, which is to be held this summer.A written copy of your speech is due at the College and Career Center no later than April 30th at 3 pm.
Open to grades 9－12.No less than 5 minutes and no more than 10 minutes.
Can You Catch the Wildcat at the 5K Race
On April 28th at 8：30 am, the Whitney Wildcat will leave his stadium and attempt to outrun hundreds of runners trying to catch him!
This will be a fun exciting way to challenge yourself and provide needed funds for two great causes！The WHS track and field team is raising money for equipment.Secondly, we are raising money for the Heidi Greenwood Scholarship.All profits on T­shirt sales will go directly to the scholarship! Entry to the race is $15 and T­shirt sales will be on site.
Go to https：//goo.gl/QANQg8 to register!
Questions? Email Mark Snow at msnow @rocklinusd.org.

1．How much should one pay for registering the dance camp in person?
A．$15.　　　　　　　 　B．$20.
C．$25. D．$30.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“$30 walk­up registration”可知，亲自去报名参加舞蹈营的人每人报名费为30美元，题干中的in person与文中的walk­up呼应，故选D。
2．Who should students turn to if they have questions about practice tests?
A．Mark Snow. B．Mrs.Randazzo.
C．Halley Crandell. D．Heidi Greenwood.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二部分中的“Please see Mrs.Randazzo in the College and Career Center to sign up or for questions.”可知，对于模拟考试有疑问的学生可以向Mrs.Randazzo咨询。
3．What do we know about Can You Catch the Wildcat at the 5K Race?
A．It’s an indoor activity to be held on April 28th.
B．All the money collected will go to the scholarship.
C．There is no specific information for registration.
D．People can support it by buying T­shirts on the spot.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“All profits on T­shirt sales will go directly to the scholarship! Entry to the race ...”可知，人们可以通过在活动现场购买T恤衫来支持这项活动。
4．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To show how wonderful the school is.
B．To persuade students to join in the events.
C．To publicize the schedule of some events.
D．To draw parents’ attention to the school.
解析：选C　写作意图题。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对Whitney高中所要举行的活动做了详细介绍，故选C。
B
(2017·昆明第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)
My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady.She is small and slight.She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.
I know this lady.It is by no means her first visit.Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.
I know what is inside the paper carrier bag — a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp.This has become an almost­daily occurrence.
Communication between my benefactor (恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “hello”．Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.
“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested.“I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her，” I said.
“Oh, no，” Nicole said.“Don’t worry about that.She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you.You can call her Wing, which is her surname.”
The tenant (房客) in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68 — 13 years younger than I am.For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.
So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language.But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.
Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words — it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.
“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。
5．The author and Wing got to know each other ________.
A．as next door neighbors
B．when exchanging meals
C．by sharing similar experiences
D．after using an iPad to communicate
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady ...Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。
6．The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．do as well B．offer generously
C．give in return D．accept with pleasure
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知，作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。
7．The author’s effort to learn Mandarin shows her ______.
A．great satisfaction B．real kindness
C．heartfelt thanks D．sincere friendship
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness”可知，作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好心。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
C
(2017·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)
Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy, honest and reliable.One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person.If an audience cannot trust you, you will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting himself with an audience’s emotions.For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them support him.Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats, to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feels bad about the animals, they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument.An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”．
Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together.Indeed, most speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences.So, next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，论述了古希腊人提出的说服别人的三个基本工具：个人气质、感染力和理性。在演讲或试图说服别人时，综合使用这三个工具，你将快速提高说服别人的能力。
8．Why does the author say persuasion is an art?
A．It entertains the audience.
B．It requires great skill to achieve.
C．It demands full attention from the audience.
D．It is all common topics of ancient Greek writers.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容及最后一段第二句“Indeed, most speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences.”可知，说服别人一般要使用个人气质、感染力和理性三个工具。三者结合起来使用可以产生更好的效果。据此可知，说服别人需要很高的技巧，因此是一种艺术。
9．How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience?
A．By expressing her sympathy with the audience.
B．By telling the audience about her personal preference.
C．By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.
D．By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.”可知，讲话人向听众展现个人气质的常见方法是展示自己在这一话题上的知识和经验，故D项正确。
10．What can we learn about the three methods of persuasion?
A．Ethos is the most important method of persuasion.
B．Each method has a different effect on the audience.
C．Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.
D．Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audiences.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths ...to persuade their audiences.”可知，尽管个人气质、感染力和理性各有优势，但是只有综合使用时才能发挥最大的作用，故B项正确。
11．An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using ________.
A．ethos B．pathos
C．logos D．a combination of all three
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument.”可知，理性说明是使用事实、数据或其他证据来支持你的观点；题干中的广告声称科学实验表明该洗衣粉可以杀死95%的细菌；据此可知，该广告使用了理性的论证方法，故C项正确。
D
(2017·兰州市高考诊断考试)Most episodes of absent­mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.“You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.Failure to encode properly can create an annoying situation.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜)．“Your memory itself isn’t failing you，” says Schacter.“Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent­mindedness.“A man who recites sports statistics from 30 years ago，” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues (提示) can help prevent absent­mindedness, says Schacter.“But be sure the cue is clear and available，” he cautions.If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent­mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there.Most likely, you were thinking about something else.“Everyone does this from time to time，” says Zelinski.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.

12．What does the underlined word “episodes” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Experiences. B．Experiments.
C．Expressions. D．Feelings.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的“absent­mindedness — forgetting ...a simple lack of attention, says Schacter”和最后一段的第一句可推知，episode指的是心不在焉的一种经历，故选A。experience“经历”。
13．According to the passage, women have better memory than men probably because ________.
A．they have a wider range of interests
B．they always put things where they were
C．they pay more attention to their environment
D．they prefer to write notes to tell themselves what they should do
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that.”可知，女性比男性更关注周围的环境，因此记忆力要好些。
14．What can help prevent absent­mindedness according to Schacter?
A．Writing notes.
B．Taking some medicine.
C．Putting something in sight.
D．Returning to where you were.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Visual cues (提示) can help prevent absent­mindedness, says Schacter.”可知，Schacter认为人们可以用可视性提示来阻止心不在焉。
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Way of Recalling
B．The Importance of Encoding
C．Cures for Absent­mindedness
D．Causes and Coping Strategies of Absent­mindedness
解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据文章中的高频词“absent­mindedness”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是心不在焉的原因及其应对策略，故选D。

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
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