牛津译林版9AUnit5知识点.doc

Unit5 学案
Wele to the unit
1.Art is something pleasant and艺术是令人愉快的事情
something pleasant 形容词修饰不定代词应后置（something, anything, nothing, somebody ）
something unusual 一些不寻常的东西 somebody else 其他的某人
anything interesting一些有趣的东西 nothing important没什么重要的事情
I’ve found something more pleasant than art.
我已经发现了比艺术更令人愉快的事情。
pleasant adj.令人愉快的（内在的，本质的东西） a pleasant trip 一次令人愉快的旅行
pleased adj.高兴的，愉快的be pleased to do sth．乐意做某事；
be pleased with sth对某事／物感到满意。
老师对学生们的表现很满意The teacher was pleased with the students' performance.
pleasing adj.令人高兴的(都指外在的，表面的东西)
pleasure (n.)令人高兴的事情,乐事,乐趣
It’s a pleasure/ It’s my pleasure. 不客气（回答感谢之类的话）
with pleasure愉快地，乐意效劳（常用于帮助他人）
I did the work with pleasure. 我很乐意做这份工作。
2.drama 戏剧，戏剧性事件
TV drama 电视剧 modern drama 现代戏剧 drama club戏剧学会
3. What kind of music do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种音乐形式？
=What's your favourite kind of music?
best意为“最好的”，为good和well的最高级。
Which season do you like best? = Which is your favourite season 你最喜欢哪一个季节？
4.talent 天赋，才能 音乐天赋 musical talent 近义词：gift
have a talent for sth /doing sth 对（做）某事有天赋
I have no talent for sports. 我在运动方面没有天赋。
Reading
1. Each time a medal was presented to a winner at the Beijing 2008 0lympics,the award music was played.
在2008年北京奥运会上，每当给获胜者颁发奖牌时，颁奖音乐就会响起。
(1) present vt present sb．with sth /present sth, to sb.把某物交给／颁发给／授予某人
①present作动词，意为“颁发；提交；赠予”。
Since the sports meet is over, our principal will present the prizes to the players..
既然运动会已结束，我们校长将给运动员颁奖。
On his retirement, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs．
在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆。
②present作名词，意为“礼物”
What present do you want for Christmas this year?
今年圣诞节你想要什么礼物？
③present作形容词，意为“现在的，目前的”
I'm not going to buy a car at the present high prices.
以目前的高价，我不打算买小汽车了。
【拓展】常用短语：
at the present time= at present目前，现在
for the present暂时
(2) winner作名词，意为“获胜者”。其动词形式为win win-won-won
Han Lei is the winner of, am a singer Ⅱ．
韩磊成为《我是歌手Ⅱ》的获胜者。
2.The music was written by Tan Dun, a world-famous poser.
这首音乐是谭盾谱写的，一位世界著名的作曲家。
(1)本句为过去时态的被动语态，was/were+动词的过去分词。
The classroom was cleaned yesterday.
昨天教室被打扫过了。
(2) world-famous“世界级的；顶级的”
Li An is a world-famous director.
李安是一位世界级的导演。
(3)poser 作曲家 pose 作曲
He is a poser of POP music. He posed a great deal of music
他是流行音乐的作曲家。他创作了大量的曲子。
3.Born in 1958 in central Hunan, China, Tan Dun grew up near the Liuyang River．谭盾1957年出生于中国湖南省的中部地区，他是在浏阳河边长大的。
本句为过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示状态
意思相当于：Tan Dun was born in 1957 in central Hunan, China.
例如：Bought in that shop, the meat was very fresh. 那家店买的肉很新鲜。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
Praised by the teacher, he studied even harder.因为受到老师的表扬，他学习更加努力了
4.When he was very young, Tan showed an interest in music．
当谭很小的时候，他对于音乐表现了兴趣。

5.He loves the sounds of the rushing water and the blowing wind because, to him, the best music es front nature。
他喜欢淙淙的水声和风吹过的声音，因为对他来说，最美妙的音乐来自于自然。
(1) sound
①sound作为名词，泛指在自然界中人所能听到的任何声音，意为“声音；响声”，有可数和不可数两种用法。
例如：Strange sounds came from the next room.
奇怪的声音来自隔壁房间。
②sound作为连系动词，意为“听起来；听上去（给人以某种印象）”，常接形容词作表语，还可接名词、代词、介词短语或从句。
例如：That sounds a good idea.那听起来是一个好主意。
③sound作及物动词，意为“使……发出声音；发（音）”，作不及物动词时，意为“发声、响”。
例如：The bell sounded for lunch at twelve o'clock.
午餐铃声在十二点敲响。
6.Since he had no musical instruments then, he made music with mon objects like stones and paper.因为当时没有任何乐器，他就用一些普通的东西，比如石头、纸，来创作音乐。
since用作连词：
①引导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是“因为……，既然……，鉴于……”
Since we are young, we shouldn't be too afraid of making mistakes．
因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
②引导时间状语从句
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
I haven't heard from him since he lived here.
从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。
He has written to me frequently since I have been ill.
自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。
It is+一段时间+since.…/It has been+ 一段时间+ since…表示“从……起已有多长时间了”。两句型意思相同，前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法
例如：It is three years since he smoked. 他不吸烟已有3年了
7.As a poser, perhaps he is best known for winning an Oscar for his music in the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.作为一位作曲家，也许他最为人知的是为电影《卧虎藏龙》作曲而赢得奥斯卡大奖。
(1)这里as用作介词，意思是“作为”
As a student, I have lots of homework to do.
作为一名学生，我有很多作业要做。
(2)be known for sth/doing sth意为“因为……而出名”= be famous for
Liyang is known/famous for the Tianmu Lake.溧阳以天目湖而出名。
During his life, he is best known for writing a novel about travelling.
在他一生期间，最为人知的是写了一部关于旅行的小说。
补充：be famous as 作为---而著名
The young man is famous as a great scientist.作为一位伟大的科学家，这位年轻人很有名。
8.As he likes the sounds of nature, Tan uses them a lot in his music.
因为喜欢天籁之音，谭盾多次将其运用于他的音乐中
这里as用作连词，意思是“因为”
because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为：because→since→as→for;其中because, since, as均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词,引导并列句. 
9.He has successfully brought Chinese and Western music together
他成功地把中国音乐和西方音乐融合在一起。successfully 为副词，修饰动词
succeed 动词 成功 一般和in 连用 succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事
success名词 成功 一般做主语，宾语等
successful 形容词， 成功的 一般作定语， 表语等
successfully 副词 成功地 一般作状语
succeed 动词 He succeeded at last .
success 名词 The sports meeting is a great success .
successful 形容词 The 2008 Olympics Games is very successful .
successfully 副词 At last, they climbed on the top of the mountain successfully .
10.My music is to dream without boundaries.我的音乐就是梦想无界。
动词不定式作表语
我的梦想是成为一名老师My dream is to bee a teacher.
我的目的是帮助残疾人 My purpose is to help the disabled.
他的目标是成为最好的篮球运动员 His aim is to be a best basketball player.
Grammar:
because引导的原因状语从句

1.原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的句子。
A．because的位置
because引导的状语从句，可放于前半句，也可放于后半句。
Because it was raining, we had to stay at home.
因为下雨，我们只好待在家里。
B．because与why
because表示“因为”，表示动作发生的直接原因，语气很强，常用来回答why引导的疑问句
—Why doesn't he go with us? 他为什么不跟我们一起去？
—Because he's too tired today.因为他今天太累了。
C．because与so
汉语习惯说“因为……所以……”，但使用英语时不能将so与because连用。
Because my bike was broken, I went to school by bus yesterday.(√)
Because my bike was broken, so I went to school by bus yesterday.(×)
D．because与because of
because是连词，其后接句子．because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。
I didn't buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。
I didn't buy it because of the high price.
since和as引导的原因状语从句
A．since和as
(1)我们也可以用since和as引导原因状语从句
Since you are free, you'd better tidy your bedroom.
既然你有空，你最好把卧室整理一下。
(2) since表达“既然；由于；因为”，表示已知的、显然的理由，较为正式，常放句首。
Since it is late, I shall get home right now.
（由于）时间不早了，我得马上回家了。
(3)as和since的用法大体相同，表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”
As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.
既然在下雨，你最好乘出租车。
由since和as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首。
B．because since和as
(1)关于because：语气最强，表示直接原因，可用于回答why提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等，而其余两者均不行
-Why didn't he e?他为什么没来？
-Because he was ill.因为他病了。
(2)关于since与as：
①两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的，即对已知事实提供理由，而不是表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后
As you weren't there, I left a message.
由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。
②since可用于省略句，而其他两者不行：
Since so, I have nothing to say.
既然如此，我无话可说。
2.out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
breath 名词“呼吸”，其动词形式为breathe，意为“呼吸”
In the field, we breathe the fresh air and enjoy ourselves.
在田野，我们呼吸着新鲜空气，玩得很开心。
breathe freely自由地呼吸
3. Why do people think highly of Tan’s music?
think highly of 高度赞扬
王校长高度赞扬了李磊，因为他在数学竞赛中获一等奖。
Mr Wang thought highly of Li Lei, because he won the first prize in the Math petition.
Integrated skills—Task:
1.古典音乐拥有经久的价值Classical music has a lasting value.
value名词，价值 be of great value to sb. 对某人有巨大的价值
这个故事没有什么新闻价值。The story has very little news value.
valuable（adj．）宝贵的；很有用的；a valuable suggestion 一则宝贵的建议
They gave us some valuable suggestions.
他们给了我们一些宝贵的建议。
2.爵士乐最先由美国黑人创作Jazz first created by African Americans.
African作形容词意为“非洲的”，还可作名词，意为“非洲人”，其复数形式为Africans
Those people are all Africans.那些人都是非洲人。
Africa非洲 His friend is from Africa他的朋友来自非洲。
3.我所有的老师和同学们都对我这次艺术节的设计给予了赞扬。
All my teachers and classmates praised my designs for the art festival.
praise 及物动词 praise sb for sth
领导因为他们的表现表扬了他们队。
The leader praised their team for their performance.
praise还可作名词，意为“赞美，称赞”
He won praise from his classmates for winning the prize.
他因获得该奖而得到了同学们的称赞。
4.They think I have a real gift for painting.
他们认为我在绘画上很有天赋。gift 天赋，才能 可数名词 同义词：talent
她极有音乐天赋
She has a great gift for music.
gifted 形容词：有天才的，有天赋的
Her daughter is a gifted musician.
她女儿是一位天才音乐家
4.She encouraged me to keep trying and make more wonderful pictures.
(1) encourage sb. to do sth鼓励某人做某事
Our English teacher encourages us to read English every day.
我们的英语老师鼓励我们每天读英语。
(2) keep doing sth. 一直做某事
I kept thinking about the match in the afternoon.
我一直想着下午的那场比赛。
keep的其他用法：
①keep+形容词，意为“保持……”
If you want to keep healthy, you should exercise more
如果你想保持健康，你就应该多锻炼。
②keep sb.／sth.+形容词，意为“让某人／某物保持……”
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
你应该保持你的房间干净整洁。 、
③keep sb. /sth. doing sth，意为“让某人／某物一直做某事”
He kept us waiting at the gate.
他让我们一直在大门口等着。
④keep sb./sth．from doing sth，意为“阻止某人／某物做某事”
We should keep farmers from cutting down the trees.
我们应该阻止农民们砍树。
⑤keep on doing sth，意为“继续做某事”
Prices keep on increasing.
价格不停地上涨。