新目标英语八年级下-现在完成时的教案及练习.doc

现在完成时态--练习资料

我们先来翻译几个句子：
1 你已经问过这个问题两遍了，别再烦我了。

2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。

3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。

4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。

5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。

＊基本定义：
现在完成时有两种用法
1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。
2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。

句型转换
1. I have been to Macau before. （改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before
2. Li Ming has already finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答）
   _____________ Li Ming _____________ finished his homework yet?

3.They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been here?

＊句型构成：
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.
②否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）?
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他

将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .
Now , I have a lot to read because ________________________________
2. I saw this film last week.
Now, I know this film because I_____________________.
3. I did my homework yesterday.
Now, I can give it to the teacher because I______________

用法一

＊一 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿)
Has he had his breakfast?
Yes, he has.

体会时间状语：
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet?
Yes, I have done that already.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework.
⑥ He has not e yet.

＊二.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）， already（已经(肯定句) ）, before（之前）, yet（一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还） never（从不）, ever (疑问句) twice（两次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用,
请先圈出时间状语，再用词的适当形式填空
1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. the train_______ (arrive) yet?
3.Tom ____ never_______ (be ) to China.
4. The twin ______ just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6.______ you ever _______(ride) a horse? Never.
7._____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we__________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
8._____ he ______(see) this film yet? No.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it tomorrow.
9. How many times _____ you ______(e) here?
Once.

用法二：
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。
A 动词使用延续性动词。
B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。

常与for或since引导的时间连用，so far, up to/till now到目前为止, in the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life某人的一生中, by now, these days目前，for two years、since 1984、since he came here
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
They have lived here since 1990.
What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?

一、注　意：
(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
since two weeks ago=for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
(2)since + 时间点＝for＋时间段
since 2000=for 13 years
(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris
(4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.
自从某事发生已有一段时间了.  It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.

二、用for 或since填空。
1. Jill has been in Ireland________Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland __________ three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_____7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country________1974.
6. The bus is late. We've been waiting________20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.
8. Mike has been ill________a long time. He has been in hospital ________October
9. It’s ten years ______ we met each other last time.
10. He has taught English _______ 25 years.
11. The Greens have lived on the farm ______ 1990.
12. They have been practicing the guitar _______ two hours.
13.How long have you been a reporter? －_____ 8 years ago.
14. I haven’t gone for a walk in the park ________ a long time.
15. He’s been collecting stamps _______ he was in primary school.
16. Peter has been to summer camp ________ 3 times.

＊根据上面的学习，我们可以总结下动词的过去分词的变化规律
一、规则变化
在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：
①原形+ed  如：worked, passed 
②词尾是e时，直接加d  如：liked  lived
③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played  stayed  studied  cried 
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped

二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词
巧记规律
AAA: put– put –put let—let –let
ABA: bee—became—bee
ABB: stand—stood—stood
ABC: eat— ate—eaten

用法三：（难点）
非延续性动词与现在完成时
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。
他入党五年了。
He joined the Party five years ago .
——He has been in the Party for five years.
——He has been a Party member for five years.
——It is five years since he joined the Party
电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago.
——The film has been on for five minutes.
——It is five minutes since the film began

一、三类型：
第一类：动词 → be + adj. : Die，finish ，open/close，fall ill/asleep， marry sb/get married to
第二类：动词→ be + 介词.: start/begin，leave，Join，
第三类：动词→另一个动词 : Buy，Borrow，get/begin to延续性v，.Bee，put on

二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换
“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束

1 begin
be on
6 return
be back
2 leave
be away from
7 join
be in
3 go
be off
8 die
be dead
4 borrow
keep
9 buy
have
5 e
be here
10 arrive
be here
10 reach
be here
11put on
wear
 Fall asleep
 Be asleep
13catch a cold
have a cold
14open
be open
15close
be closed

三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / e / go / move to sp
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
1) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
2)They came here last week. They here since _____________.

② e to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We returned to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.

③ bee → be
I became a teacher in 2000. I __________ a teacher for___________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river ____ ___ dirty for ____ _____.

④ close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _____ ____ for ________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _____ ____ ____ for six hours.

⑤ get up → be up; die → be dead; leave sp. → be away from sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep ; finish / end → be over ;marry → be married;
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______ since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______ for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________ since _________.

⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ; begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦ borrow → keep; lose → not have ;buy → have ;put on → wear
catch / get a cold → have a cold; get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week. They __________ it since _____________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.
3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.

⑧have / has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.

⑨ join the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier
→ be a member of the league / the Party
→ be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ______ a _____ for two years.
He _____ a ____ the ________ for two years.
He _____ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother _________ a ________ for _______ ___________.
常考考点
have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：
----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了
用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空
— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？
— No，I .
— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu，
she will e back next week.
— Ok，thanks.
— You’re wele.

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时强调现在的情况，而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。
（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）

用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Mary _______(lose) her pen. ______ you ______ (see) it here and there?
2. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet?
3. ---Are you thirsty? ---NO, I ______ just _______ (have) some orange.
4. We ________already ______ (return) the book.
5. ______ they _____ (build) a new school in the village?
6. ---Has Tom taught you English?
---Yes, he ______ (teach) us English for two years.
7. I ______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?
8. What ______ they _____ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.
9. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it? Do you know?
--- Sorry, I don’t know.
10. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
11. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year.
12. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month.
13. How long ______ you ______(know) him?
14. Mike ______ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.
15. I _____(give) my friend a nice book recently.
16. Li Ping and Wu Dong ______(see) the old man three times.
17. _____ she ever _____(teach) you English?
18. These children _____ (stay) in the park for two hours.

综合练习（家庭作业）：
一、完成句子
1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ B:自从我上中学以来。
A：How long ______ you _______ __________ shells?
B：________ I _________ to middle school.
2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。
I ______ _______ _______ _______ 5 hours.
3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不,去年我参加过。
A: Was this your ________ _________ _____________?
B: No，I ___________ in a ______________ last year.
4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。
A: When did you ______ your first _____ ______ _______?
B: Three years ago.
5. A:他游泳有多长时间了？ B: 他已游了半小时了。
A: How long _______ he ________ ______________ ?
B: He ______ _______ _______ _______ half an hour.
6. 你上网多久了?
7. 我上网三小时了。
8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？
9. 我五年前开始集邮的。
10. 他收集贝壳十年了。
6. 你上网多久了?
7. 我上网三小时了。
8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？
9. 我五年前开始集邮的。
10. 他收集贝壳十年了。

二、改写句子：
1His father died two years ago. His father _____ _____ _____ for two years.
2. He has been in the army for three years.
_____ _____ three years since he _____ the army.
3. I began to study at this school five years ago.
I _____ _____ at this school _____ five years.
4. Have you ever visited Beijing? Have you ever _____ _____ _____ ?
5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago.
I _____ _____ _____ _____ for five years.
I _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ five years ago.
6. I bought the car five years ago. I _____ _____ the car for five years.
7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.
I _____ _____ a new book from the school library for two days.
8. The boy has e back. The boy _____ _____ _____ for an hour.