中考英语语法-被动语态专题复习.ppt

中考英语专项复习Passive voice徐敏徐敏.学习目标学习目标1.1.掌握被动语态的用法掌握被动语态的用法2.2.掌握如何将主动语态变成掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态被动语态3.3.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题变被动语态时须注意哪些问题.英语的两大语态：英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者发出者（即动作（即动作的执行者）的执行者）。宾语是谓语动词的对象宾语是谓语动词的对象(即动作的即动作的承受者承受者)。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者承受者(动作的动作的对象对象)。被动语态的谓语构成被动语态的谓语构成:助动词助动词bebe动词过去分词动词过去分词.什么时候要用被动语态呢？什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形动词原形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形Would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词Had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。动词的被动语态。.动词不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词过去分词”。例如：()The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C C need+v-ing意为“需要被.”,相当于need to be 过去分过去分词词。()-Jim,the floor is so dirty.It needs _.-OK,Mom,Ill do it now.A.sweep B.cleaning C.cleaned D.be swept B B主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：We clean our classroom every day.主动语态主动语态Our classroom is cleaned主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语by us every day.结构：主动语态：结构：主动语态：主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 被动语态：被动语态：主语主语 be+过去分词过去分词by+宾语宾语即即即即:“主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。”(注注注注:主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词byby宾语宾语宾语宾语)被动语态被动语态主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语.把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。时态体现在不能变。时态体现在bebe动词的形式上，且动词的形式上，且bebe动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词动句时作介词 by by的宾语，要用宾格。如上的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。注意：注意：.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进行。即：来进行。即：变变-把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。的宾语。套套-根据原句的时态套用相应时态。根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意-注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：例：Many people speak English.English _ by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes _by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变一变二套二套三注意三注意.在被动语态中要注意的问题：在被动语态中要注意的问题：一些使役动词一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的在主动语态中后面接的动词不定动词不定式式不带不带to，但改为，但改为被动语态被动语态时，一定带时，一定带to。如：。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.(变被动语态)The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house.变被动语态 He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.(变被动语态)They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.(一一一一).当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb see/hear/watch sb do do sth.sth.时，变为被时，变为被动语态时，动语态时，do do 前要带前要带toto。而当使用而当使用see/hear/watch sb see/hear/watch sb doing doing sthsth时，变时，变为被动语态时，为被动语态时，doingdoing保持不变保持不变。如：。如：1.We hear her sing in the room every day.（变被动语态）She _ in the room every day.2.I saw him going into the shop.(主动语态)He _ into the shop.(被动语态)to singwas seen goingis heard.使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.have sb.do sth.sb.be had to do sth.let sb.do sth.sb.be let to do sth.感观动词see sb.do sth.sb.be seen to do sth.watch sb.do sth.sb.be watched to do sth.hear sb.do sth.sb.be heard to do sth.notice sb.do sth.sb.be noticed to do sth.go.在被动语态中要注意的问题：（二）在被动语态中要注意的问题：（二）含双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，可将指人的间接宾语提前做被动语态的主语；也可把后面指物的直接宾语提前做主语，但此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。(主动语态主动语态)give/pass/bring/write/tell/show sth.to sb.(被动语态被动语态)sth.be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown to sb.或或sb.be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown sth.(主动语态主动语态)buy/make/get/cook sth.for sb.(被动语态被动语态)sth.be bought/made/got/cooked for sb.或或sb.be bought/made/got/cooked sth.汉译英：去年我过生日时姐姐给了我一块手表。(1)My sister _ for my birthday last year.(2)A watch _ by my sister for my birthday last year.(3)I _ by my sister for my birthday last year.gave me a watchgave a watch to me/was given to mewas given a watch在被动语态中要注意的问题：（三）在被动语态中要注意的问题：（三）汉译英：我们国家把老人照顾得很好。汉译英：我们国家把老人照顾得很好。Old people _ in our country.are taken good good care of也可填也可填 are looked after wellwell 在主动语态中某些谓语动词是短语动词，要将短语在主动语态中某些谓语动词是短语动词，要将短语动词视为一个整体，变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后动词视为一个整体，变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。的介词或副词。在被动语态中要注意的问题：（四）在被动语态中要注意的问题：（四）(1)这几年这几年,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Great changes _ in my hometown over the years.(2)吉姆昨天发生了车祸。吉姆昨天发生了车祸。_(3)如果你努力的话，你会实现梦想的。如果你努力的话，你会实现梦想的。If you work hard,your dream will _.(4)他的新书上个月出版了。他的新书上个月出版了。His new book_.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义have taken placehave taken placeA car accident happened to Jim yesterday.A car accident happened to Jim e truecome truecame out last monthcame out last month1.有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态，用主动语态表达被有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态，用主动语态表达被动的意思。如：动的意思。如：happen,take place,come true,come out,last,run out(用完用完)等。翻译句子：等。翻译句子：(1).This pen _.这支笔这支笔好写。好写。(2).The jeans_.这条牛仔裤这条牛仔裤好洗好洗。(3).The apples _ and _.这些苹果这些苹果闻起来很香闻起来很香，卖得好卖得好/好卖好卖。(4).Everything _ in spring.春季万物都春季万物都生长得很好生长得很好。2.少数动词后面有副词少数动词后面有副词well 的时候也不用被动语态的时候也不用被动语态。（如：如：write well,wash well,sell well,grow well）系动词也不用于被动语态。（如：系动词也不用于被动语态。（如：look看起来，看起来，sound听起来，听起来，feel摸起来，摸起来，smell闻起来，闻起来，taste尝起来）尝起来）writes wellwrites wellwash wellwash wellsell wellsell wellgrows wellgrows well（不用（不用is written）（不用（不用 are washed）smell goodsmell good汉译英：这家商店早晨八点开始营业，晚汉译英：这家商店早晨八点开始营业，晚上十点停止营业。上十点停止营业。The shop _ at 8 oclock a.m.and _ at ten p.m.opensopens closes closes注意：注意：open 与与 close1.be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态）(=be used for doing sth.)use sth.to do sth.用某物做某事（主动语态）2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事3.be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事注意辨析注意辨析:1.她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步，但是现在她她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步，但是现在她习惯在家看电视。习惯在家看电视。(汉译英汉译英)But now she _ at home after supper.2.2.这把刀可以用来削苹果。这把刀可以用来削苹果。(汉译英汉译英)The knife _ apples.used to walk alongis used to watching TV can be used to cut 或或或或can be used for cuttingShe _ the road after supper.同义句同义句同义句同义句：将这个句子改为主动语态将这个句子改为主动语态将这个句子改为主动语态将这个句子改为主动语态：In the past,she usually _ the road after supper.walked along We can use the knife to cut apples.1.get/have sth.+过去分词过去分词 “使某事物被使某事物被.”汉译英：(1).不应该允许16岁的青少年扎耳洞。Sixteen-year-olds shouldnt _get their ears _.(2).我昨天理发了。I have my hair _ yesterday.piercedbe allowed to cut（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：.2.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事被允许做某事3.be regarded as.被视为被视为.4.be covered with sth.被被.覆盖覆盖5.be filled with sth.装满装满/充满充满.6.be made of sth.由由制成（发生物理变化）制成（发生物理变化）be made from sth.由由制成（发生化学变化）制成（发生化学变化）7.Its said that.据说据说.8.Its well-known that.众所周知众所周知.（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：.单项选择：()1.-Did you go to Jims birthday party?-No,I _.A.havent invited B.didnt invite C.am not invited D.wasnt invited()2.-This yard is so clean today and everything looks fine.-I didnt notice that.Its clear someone _ it.A.is cleaning B.is cleaned C.has cleaned D.had cleaned()3.Its said that a bridge _ over the river soon.A.will be built C.is being built C.has been built D.was builtDCA.DBC()4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame(责备)you.A.will expect B.will be expected C.expected D.were expected()5.-Did you have any problems if you _ five minutes to read?-Well,Im thinking about the new words.There are too many.A.give B.are given C.will be given D.will give()6.-I feel very happy that I _ to be the host.-Conguatulations!A.choose B.am chosen C.was chosen D.haven chosen()7.-The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it?-Oh,it is _ books.A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked forA.()8.-If you stand on the top of the mountain,many things around _ clearly.-I think so.A.can be B.will see C.can be seen D.is seen()9.Its true that knowledge _ rather than being taught.A.learns B.learned C.is learned D.was learned()10.Hell go for a walk if his homework _.A.does B.is done C.will be done D.will do()11.I wont leave my office until my work _.A.finish B.will finish C.are finished D.is finished()12.I _ the way to the railway station,so I got there easily.A.showed B.was shown C.have shown D.was showingCCBDB.Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.1、Tea _ (grow)in Fujian.2、Chinese _ (speak)in China.3、The bed _ (use)for sleeping.4、Our classroom _ (clean)every day.5、The cars _ (make)in Beijing.is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare made.