牛津译林八年级上册词汇专题复习.doc

牛津译林八年级上册词汇专题复习
1. 名词词汇填空题考点：
1) 词性变形：
2) 变复数：
1. 直接加s
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾去y改i加es，如study-studies 以元音字母+y结尾直接加s，如boy-boys
3. 以f，fe结尾去f，fe改v加es，如leaf-leaves wife-wives （初中阶段除了giraffe是直接加s）
4. 以o结尾有生命的加es，没有生命的+s，如potato-potatoes studio-studios
有生命的：hero potato tomato mango
5. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾+es，如brush-brushes box-boxes glass-glasses beach-beaches
（但是stomach-stomachs）
6. 单复同形：sheep-sheep fish-fish（鱼） Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
7. 不规则：man-men woman-women mouse-mice child-children tooth-teeth
foot-feet（但是walkman-walkmans human-humans German-Germans）

3) 所有格：
表示人和时间的名词，要注意所有格，如：ten minutes’ work。名词所有格是表示所属关系，有以下三种表达方式：‘s; of所有格；双重所有格of +’s 所有格 ，表示两者共有的，the lily and lucy’s 表示家，店名，诊所等，at the doctor’s, at the Green’s ;

例题：
1.Would you please let me know the __________ (win) names? I’d better write them down now.
解析：根据names，可确定前面应该填一个人，所以把win变为winner。然后根据names复数可知winner也要加s，最后应该是赢家的名字，所以还需加所有格
答案：winners’
I wonder how to use these two different English-English _____________ (字典) correctly.
解析：先拼出单词dictionary，然后圈关键词two可知这里应该填复数
答案: dictionary
2.My grandfather, as a Jew, did stand to fight against the __________ (German) in WWII.
解析：根据句意可知应该填德国人，然后应该是填复数，表示与德国人对抗。
答案：Germans
3.Children of your age are usually afraid of making ____________ (speak) in front of many people.
解析：根据短语做演讲，可知这里应该填speak的名词形式speech，然后这里没有限定词，所以要填复数形式表示泛指。
答案：speeches
4.No one can imagine the sacred girl was kept in _____________ (silent) and dark for almost 3 hours.
解析：根据短语结构介词+名词，可知这里应该填silent的名词形式。
答案：silence
5.I dropped some paint onto the paper, leaving some colourful ____________(污点) on it.
解析：污点的单词为mark，圈出关键词some，得知这里要填复数。
答案：marks
2.代词词汇填空题考点：
宾格，名词性物主代词，反身代词
宾格一般是考一些会有学生误以为是反身代词的题：如：take sth with sb.只能填宾格，不能填反身代词。
It may hurt you. 发出者和承受者不是同一人，只能填宾格。
名词性物主代词：上一句一定有某人的某物出现，下一句说另一个人的来对比。
反身代词：
1) 主语后面一定是反身代词。
2) 固定短语：help oneself to by oneself keep...to oneself enjoy oneself（注意yourselves）
3) make oneself understood/heard
例题：
Boys, would you please calm __________ (you) down? It’s no use arguing loudly here.
解析：圈出you，calm的发出者是you，承受者也是you。确定填反身代词，圈出boys
答案：yourselves
You’d better take a map with ___________ (you).
解析：圈出with。With的发出者是map，承受者是you，不是同一个人。所以填宾格。
答案：you
The workers _______________ (they) are hard-working.
解析：圈出the workers，在主语后面用反身代词
答案：themselves
I can’t speak Japanese, it’s hard to make _______________ (I) understood.
解析：圈出短语make sb. understood表示让某人被理解。只有自己才能让自己被理解，所以填反身代词。
答案：myself
Please be careful, or it will hurt ______________ (you).
解析：圈出it，hurt的发出者和承受者不是一个人，填宾格。
答案：you
3. 数词词汇填空题考点：
基数词与序数词：形式
辨析：看后面名词，如果名词是复数，那么就用基数词。如果名词是单数，那么就用序数词（记住千万不能把the当做判断依据）
例题：
Which do you think is the most useful invention in the _________________ (twenty-one) century?
解析：圈出关键词century，是单数，所以前面要填序数词。
答案：twenty-first
分数表示法：
例题：
It is clear that 75 per cent means the same as three ____________ (four)
答案：fourths
表达几十多
例题：
The boss sitting by the window set up his biggest shopping mall in his ____________（四十）.
答案：forties
4.介词词汇题考点：注意一些和动词的区分。
1. He said he would e (在……之间) 5 o’clock and 6 o’clock.
2. Kids ▲ (低于) 5 years old can’t play with this kind of toy.
3. The charity event is ▲ (结束). We all think it is a great success.
4. Ice turns into water when the temperature is ▲ (超过) 0℃.
5. You need to put on more clothes because the temperature will drop to five degrees (在……以下) zero.
6. Steven’s exam results put him _____________ (在.........中) the top students of the class.
7. What bad weather! It is said the temperature will drop_____________(以下) 30 degrees.
8. Will we have three days ___________ (休息) after the tough task is pleted?
9. Trains_________（在……之间）cities run faster and faster now. It takes shorter time to go anywhere you want.
10. --- How long has the conference been _________(开始)? --- About one and a half hours.
11. The Silk Road spread over a large area. It was from eastern China, __________(跨越) Central Asia and the Middle East, to the Mediterranean Sea(地中海).
12. He often goes to school _______ (乘) his father’s car.
13. Look! The window is broken. The thief must e in _________(通过)it.
14.Kids _____________ (低于) 10 years old can’t understand this book.
答案：
between 2. under 3. over 4. above 5. below 6. among 7. below 8. off
9. between 10. on 11. across 12. in 13. through 14. under

5. 形容词副词填空题考点：
形容词修饰名词或者代词，位置：
1) 名词前
2) 系动词后
3) find/think/keep/make sth. +adj. (做宾补)
4) 形容词+enough
5) 复合不定代词+形容词
副词修饰动词和形容词，位置：
1) 行为动词后面
2) 开头加“，”
3) be动词及形容词或者过去分词中间。

1. 形容词比较级与最高级：
比较级标志词：much even than far than
最高级标志词：one of 序数词后 the（范围是三者) of all in+地点
简单音节形容词变比较级：(最高级把er改est）
1) 直接+er：
2) 以辅音加y结尾，去y改i加er：如happy-happier
3) 以重读闭音节结尾，双写尾字母加er，如big-bigger
4) 以e结尾直接加r，如nice-nicer.
5) 不规则：much/many-more-most little-less-least
good/well-better-best bad/badly/ill-worse-worst
far-farther/further(程度)-farthest/furthest

2. 反义词：
反义前缀：
-in: incorrect inplete indirect inactive
-dis: disadvantage dislike disappear disagree discover dishonest disabled
disability
-im: impatient improper impossible impolite
其他用un：

3. 形容词与副词辨析：可根据句意或位置进行判断（具体参考单选题考点）
形容词变副词：
1). 直接加ly
2). 以le结尾，去e改y：terrible-terribly fortable-fortably
3). 以辅音加y结尾，去y改i加ly：happily luckily
4). 以e结尾的直接加ly，除了true：pletely truly
5). 形副同形：hard fast far early late
6). 有两个副词的：high（形象的）-highly（抽象的） close（形象的）-closely（抽象的）
deep（形象的）-deeply（抽象的） wide（形象的）-widely（抽象的）

例题：
1. In many ways, it was a very _________ (新式的) school for its time.
解析：modern（注意拼写）
2. Little Tom got _______ (patient) of all that waiting at last. He couldn’t stay there any longer.
解析：got是系动词，后跟形容词，根据句意可知这里要填反义词
答案：impatient
3. We were too nervous to answer all the questions ________________ (correct).
解析：answer是行为动词，可知这里应该填副词，而且根据句意too...to..是太……而不能……，所以是填正确地
答案：correctly
4. Fall in West Hill, Suzhou has a scene of ______________ (usually) beauty. I’ve never seen such colourful leaves.
解析：根据位置，beauty是名词，可知这里要填形容词，将usually改为usual.然后根据句意可知这里是不寻常的，要填反义词。
答案：unusual
5. I think teaching children in this way ________________ (simple) means making them stressed.
解析：根据位置，修饰的是mean这个动词，所以这里要填副词
答案：simply
6. Your words have made it _________________ (possible) for me to speak properly. What can I say?
解析：根据句型结构make it adj. to do，可知这里填形容词，根据句意可知这里填反义词
答案：impossible
7.The poor young boy became _________________ (success) after ten years of hard work.
解析：bee是系动词，可知这里填形容词
答案：successful
8.He was breathing ____________ (heavy) in the corner when I entered the room.
解析：breathe是动词，可知这里填副词
答案：heavily
9.Which is more __________ (wide) used in the international business, Chinese or English?
解析：根据位置插在be used中间，应该填副词。而且这里是被广泛使用，是表程度的。
答案：widely
6.动词词汇题考点：
由于词汇题一空一词的设定要求，所以动词在词汇题中变形不难，只有does，doing，done，did四种形式，关键是要注意变形这回事情，不要只填个单词。appear，agree，like等单词还要注意下反义词。

例题：
1. The twins _____________ (agree) with each other in many ways, so they often argued about everything.
2. I’m told ________ (hand) in homework on time is my duty.
3.People need to buy tickets before _______(进入)the cinema.
4.Nothing can prevent us from ____________ (实现) “The China Dream”.
5. He is tall and strong now, but you can’t imagine he (重) only 2 kilos at birth.
6. I’m sorry to hear that the dog you once played a trick on (咬) you on the hand.
7. The more children are _____________ (鼓励) , the more progress they will make.
8. —Why did you shout?
— I felt something ___________ (击中) me on the head.
答案：
disagreed handing entering achieving weighed bit encouraged hit

总结词汇题解题思路及步骤：
1. 判断词性：
名词：形容词、数词、代词、介词后面
如：great inventions two girls some/his books in fear
形容词：系动词后，名词前
如：feel sleepy medical treatment
副词：行为动词后，句子开头，be动词和形容词以及过去分词中间
如：speak highly Luckily,.... be terribly cold be widely used
2. 根据上面单词表将上面的单词变成需要的词性形式
3. 名词还需要考虑复数，如果是表示时间和人的名词还要注意所有格
形容词副词还要看比较级，最高级和反义词。
比较级标志词：much even than far 句中有其他比较级
最高级标志词：the of+范围 in+地点 one of 序数词后
4. 其他易考词性：数词 介词 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词 动词（注意时态和句型）

课堂检测
A. 根据汉语、英文释义、首字母或句首，写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。
1.I think it is a _________(the best) place to spend our summer holiday.
2.With the developement of the ________(社会), more and more people live a happier life.
3.Write down all the _________(person who is visiting a place) names here, please!
4.Losing her child m_________ losing her whole life.
5.If smoking is really as ________(bad) as doctors say, it’s time for smokers to try not to smoke.
6.---I’m going to study hard from now on.
---A_______ speak louder than words. You should do it instead of saying.

B. 请根据句意，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
begin possible nice invite finish they clear help

1.----Is the fruit salad _______? ---You’d better wait for five more minutes.
2.----Look at poor Sandy! She is so ________ . Let’s go and help her.
----Ok, let’s go.
3.The little pandas had to look after ________ when their mother had another baby.
4.If we don’t protct the wetlands. It will be _______ to see these endangered birds.
5.Would you like to send him an ________ letter? I think he will be happy for sure.
6.The binocle will help you see the birds much _______.
7.I didn’t know which T-shirt was _______, so I took them both.
8.The ________ of the movie is interesting, but the rest is boring.
C. 根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空。
not be know prepare mix lead buy

1.Too much work and too little rest________ to illness so he looked unhealthy.
2.I got up early in order ________ late for school.
3.Not only the twins but also Tom often _______ salt with suger by mistake in the kitchen.
4.Do you know which factory he went ________ more bricks for his new house?
5.The Spring Festival is ing. Li lei with his parents________ to visit Hainan Island these days.
6.----Look! How wonderfully Lucy is singing! ---We _______ she could sing so well.
【参考答案】
A. 1.favourite 2.society 3.tourists’ 4.means 5.terrible 6.Actions
B. 1.finished 2.helplessness 3.themselves 4.impossible
5.invitation 6.clearer 7.nicer 8.beginning
C. 1.led 2.not to be 3.mixes 4. to buy 5.is preparing 6.knew
【解析】
A (略)
B.
1. 过去分词表示被动；
2. be动词后面需用形容词，help的形容词形式的否定是helplessness;
3. 反身代词的用法；
4. 根据句意是“不可能”；
5. 邀请信，invitation;
6. clear的副词形式还是clear, 此处需要副词的比较级，所以填clearer;
7. nice的比较级，是两者间比较；
8. 句子逻辑，beginning.
C.
1.Jd
2.In order to 的否定形式in order not to be;
3.就近原则，主语是Tom, 动词用三单；
4.不定式表目的；
5.时间状语“these days”,时态用现在进行时；考虑到主语是三单，所以是is preparing;
6.语境考时态，我们早就知道她唱得很棒，用过去式。

句型转换
1. Tom and Jack are careful students,they are both the top ones in our class.(同义句）
Tom studies as ____________as Jack in our class.
2. Where do you live?(同义句）
________your_________?
3. She has the most expensive bike in her class.(同义句）
Nobody________bike is more expensive than_____in her class.
4. The ticket cost him 36 yuan.（划线提问）
How much_________the ticket______him?
5.I think it’s not good to help your son clean up his bedroom, just let him do it.（用had better填写）
I think you______________,just let him do it

参考答案：1.well ; 2.What’s address; 3.else’s hers; 4.did cost; 5.had better not help your son clean up his bedroom

课后作业
词汇
A) 请根据题中空格后的中文提示、句意或英文释义，写出句中所缺单词。
1、What an_________(terrible)day!
2、There is something wrong with my car. I need to_________[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] it.
3、Clothing store also face heavy_________[ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] from factory outlets.
4、The girl was_________[ˈnɜ:vəs]when the teacher asked her to answer the difficult question.
5、The twins have different hobbies. One enjoys reading,_________[waɪl]the other likes doing sports.

B) 请根据句意从方框中选用合适的词,并用其适当形式填空

them certain luck eight much

1、Lesson_________is useful for us students.
2、He didn’t arrive on time but_________got the good chance.
3、They look at each other and keep the secret to_________.
4、The young man was still_________when he could finish his homework.
5、I don’t like the color of blouses. Would you please show me_________.
C) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空

attend catch lie provide drop
It is so cold. The temperature _________below zero already. David_________in bed because he_________ a bad cold two days ago. His class will have a party to wele the Chinese New Year next Monday. As usual, teachers_________some nice gifts for students. David hopes he_________the party with his classmates.
参考答案
A：awful require petition nervous while
B：Eight ，luckily，themselves ，uncertain ，More
C:has dropped, is lying；caught, provide, will attend
D)根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词.
41. Don’t touch the ________ (break) glass. It may hurt your hand.
42. More action must be taken to stop__________(pollute).
43. We hope that more_________(China) will win honour for our country.
44. ________(luck), he got better before the important petition.
E）根据句意及汉语提示，写出个单词的正确形式，每空填一词。
45. Every year, ________ (百万) of people donate money to the Hope Project.
46. I will be happy if Sandy________ (接受) my offer.
47. I’ve never_________ (后悔)the decision to work in West China.
48. He has a special _______ (能力) to write with two hands at the same time.
答案：broken pollution Chinese luckily
millions accepts regretted ability