2018届高考英语知识点强化训练3.doc

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必修一 unit 1阅读理解·组块专练——练速度
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·兰州高三诊断)Your kids learn a lot from their friends — things you can’t teach them, no matter how much you want to.
Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships. As a parent, you can’t do this, because you and your child aren’t equals.
For example, when you’re sitting on your family room floor and your very young child asks you to pass him the blocks, you probably hand them right over. If your child is sitting with a peer and asks the same thing, though, he might not get what he wants.
To succeed, your child will need to learn strategies for getting what he wants. For example, he might simply yank (猛拉) the toy out of his friend’s hand. If he does that, he may learn that it’s not the best way of getting what he wants because it leads to fighting and time­outs. The successful child will learn that he needs to negotiate a trade, to wait patiently, or to find something else equally fun to play with.
Friends also provide emotional support, something that is part of the foundation of healthy adulthood. You can’t be with your child on the elementary school playground or at the high school dance. Your child’s friends will be the ones to stick_up_for her, to include her in games, and later, to tell her she looks great even if her lousy prom (糟糕的舞会) date wanders off instead of dancing with her.
Friends also help your children learn. Friends solve problems together, imitate each other, and pass on knowledge.
Some experts believe that the single biggest predictor of your child’s success later in life is her ability to make friends. In fact, they claim it’s even more important than IQ and grades.
This doesn’t mean that the kids who are most popular in school do the best later on in life. What matters is not the number of friends a child has but rather the quality of the relationships.
This is good news for those of us who hate to think that popularity really is the Holy Grail of childhood and adolescence. While it’s true that popularity has many advantages, and that many popular kids really are nice people — and not just the best dressed or best looking — it’s better to have a few good friends than to have the admiration of the masses.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子们会从和朋友的相处中学到许多大人怎么想教都教不会的事，所以真正的好朋友对一个人的成长至关重要。
1．By giving the example in Paragraph 3, the author wants to show that ________.
A．kids can learn how to deal with the relationships when they stay with their peers
B．parents should spend more spare time playing with their kids
C．kids should learn how to be polite when they ask their parents for help
D．parents can teach their kids how to be good members in the modern society in their daily life
解析：选A　推理判断题。一般而言，在议论文中，举例都是为了证明作者的观点。由此可知，第三段所举例子是为了证明第二段作者的观点，即“Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships.”。故选A。
2．What does the underlined phrase “stick up for” in the fifth paragraph mean?
A．Envy.　　　　　　　　　 　B．Oppose.
C．Support. D．Ignore.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据本段第一句中的“Friends also provide emotional support”可知，此处将家长与同龄朋友进行比较是为了说明同龄朋友会给孩子们以情感上的支持。由此可知，画线词意为“支持”。故答案选C。
3．In the author’s opinion, ________ is more important than being popular for kids.
A．getting high grades
B．having some real friends
C．developing a good habit
D．knowing how to dress themselves up
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章最后三段可知，朋友的质量比朋友的数量、智商、分数和外表都重要。故选B。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Bridge the Generation Gap
B．What It Takes to Be a Good Friend
C．Why Friends Are Important
D．How to Be Popular in School
解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章的中心段是第一段，由此结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了同龄朋友对孩子成长的重要性。故选C。
B
(2016·山东省日照市校际联合检测)“Friendly doctors are bad for their patients’ health，” researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like.
Blurring (使……变得模糊不清) the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects.
“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook, and they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names，” regulators have warned. “Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.”
It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists (肿瘤学家) under the age of 40, finding 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they like. Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients, it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a person’s care.
Lesley Fallowfield of Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master the means of dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life­threatening disease, conveying the true prognosis (预断), discussing the complexity of modern treatments, and explaining the unavailability of some drugs, the side effects of treatments, and likely treatment aims.”
But she also said, “Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of ’the Internet world’ are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients.”
She said，“The difficulty, if you hug and kiss patients, if you allow them to call you by your first name, is that quickly the relationship can become confusing as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused, ’I really like these people, how can I bear to tell them that they’re going to die？’ They find it more difficult to be objective.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，医生的态度友善反而对患者的治疗不利，因此医生和患者之间需要保持适当的距离。
5．Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients’ health?
A．Because they don’t like to cheat patients.
B．Because they are not good at treating patients.
C．Because they find it not easy to be objective to the patients.
D．Because they seldom blur the relationship with patients.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like”及最后一段中的“They find it more difficult to be objective.”可知，三分之二的年轻医生很难对他们喜欢的病人讲实话，他们很难客观地对待病人，这样对患者的治疗不利，故选C项。
6．What should doctors do according to the regulators?
A．Add patients as friends on Facebook.
B．Have a close connection with patients in life.
C．Always be cold to patients.
D．Keep patients at a proper distance.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章的第三段可知，医生应该避免在脸谱网上添加患者为朋友，他们也不应该拥抱病人或让病人直呼他们的名字，即医生应该和病人保持适当的距离，故选D项。
7．Which opinion will Lesley Fallowfield agree with?
A．Oncology is a rewarding profession without challenges.
B．The Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries.
C．It’s not the doctors’ duty to deal with patients’ anxiety.
D．Becoming friends with patients will help them recover soon.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Those doctors who have entered ... boundaries with patients.”可推知，网络使得医生更容易模糊与病人之间的职业分界线，故选B项。
8．Young oncologists will face the following challenges EXCEPT ________.
A．dealing with a lot of life­threatening diseases
B．discussing difficulties of treatments with patients
C．explaining the unavailability of some medicines
D．informing patients of the possible results of the treatments
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Young oncologists have to master ... and likely treatment aims.”可知，B、C、D三项表述正确；年轻的肿瘤学家需要掌握如何对待面临生命威胁的焦虑病人，A项“处理很多威胁生命的疾病”表述错误。故选A项。
C
(2016·华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.
Tu shared the prize with Irish­born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary anti­roundworm treatment. 84­year­old Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu’s dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malaria­friendly parasites (寄生虫).
However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn’t have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “three­noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China’s national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.
The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.
As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu’s record­breaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.
语篇解读：中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无”(无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历)获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。
9．We can know from the text that ________.
A．Tu worked at home and abroad to conduct her research
B．Tu got the Nobel Prize for her anti­roundworm treatment
C．the Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work
D．her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“she’s never worked overseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行anti­roundworm treatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。
10．The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with________.
A．a sense of national pride
B．relevant academic knowledge
C．a desire to achieve success
D．enthusiasm for scientific research
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。
11．In writing the passage, the author intends to________.
A．inform readers of the news and make comments
B．discourage the pursuit of instant success in science
C．remind readers of the principles of scientific research
D．praise the award winner and encourage scientific research
解析：选A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。
D
(2016·济南一中第一学期期中质量检测)Square dancing is a form of entertainment and physical exercise, which is a good thing. However, a group of senior Chinese ladies dancing in New York’s Sunset Park were recently faced with noise complaints from nearby residents. The local court even served a summons (传票) related to a certain Ms. Wang.
The news soon caused heated discussion across China, with many believing the incident to involve a cultural conflict between the East and West, while others view it as a form of discrimination against Chinese in the United States.
The United States is a diverse society, and in many cases, Chinese dancers are tolerated and even appreciated. Meanwhile, the United States is a society based on the rule of law, and due to cultural differences, local regulations seem to be very different from those in China. As a result, some old Chinese ladies dancing in New York’s Sunset Park found themselves caught in an embarrassing situation. Locals and immigrants from other nations view such noise as a violation of their right to enjoy tranquillity. Calling the police is regarded as the most efficient way to solve such a problem.
Before, these ladies probably did not understand local customs and rules. However, since the incident took place, they should perhaps know a little better next time and keep the noise to a minimum. People from different nations are often supposed to reach compromises, respecting and tolerating each other.
Whatever your choice of entertainment is, it is important not to affect other people’s lives. Square dancing is only one of many activities during which people should mind their behavior.
As for U．S. police practice, there might still be some room for improvement. Some were said to be rather rude, leading to the so­called “racial discrimination”， which is a sensitive topic in U．S. society.
If the involved parties could be more tolerant, and solve such problems without involving the court, perhaps immigrants would mix more.
语篇解读：人们对于广场舞褒贬不一，本文通过中国大妈在纽约跳广场舞的事例总结出人们应换位思考，相互理解、相互包容。
12．The writer mentions the incident in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．show his opinion B．make complaints
C．bring up the topic D．criticize the local police
解析：选C　推理判断题。作者提到了中国大妈在纽约广场跳广场舞，其目的是提出话题以引起人们的注意。故选C。
13．The underlined word “tranquillity” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．
A．entertainment B．quietness
C．freedom D．quality
解析：选B　词义猜测题。通过画线词所在的句子可知，tranquillity和noise相对，应表示“平静，安静”，故选B。
14．What will the senior Chinese ladies most probably do after the incident?
A．Go back to China.
B．Fight for their right.
C．Ask America to change its law.
D．Keep the noise the lowest.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“However, since the incident took place, they should perhaps know a little better next time and keep the noise to a minimum.”可知，中国大妈会把音量降到最低。故选D。
15．What’s the writer’s attitude towards senior Chinese ladies dancing in New York’s Sunset Park?
A．He thinks all parties involved should be more tolerant.
B．He strongly supports the action of the local police.
C．He considers it a shame for senior Chinese ladies to do so.
D．He suggests such kind of problem should be solved in the court.
解析：选A　推理判断题。作者在文章的第四段提到了应互相包容(tolerating each other)，在最后一段又提到包容(tolerant)，故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2016·河南省高考适应性测试)
How to Be a Good Friend
A good friend, who wouldn’t want one? Ever felt yours just not good enough but don’t know where to improve? __1__ I used to annoy a lot of my friends before, just for the sake o