2017届高三英语阅读理解复习检测10.doc

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阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·哈尔滨市质检，C)
Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “nameletter effect”—can have some negative consequences.
Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.
Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”
The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”
The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.
文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名－字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。
1．The new research is mainly about the relationship between one's ________.
A．name and unconsciousness
B．name and characteristics
C．name and success
D．sports and school achievements
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。
2．Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？
A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer.
B．Mr. Watt living in Washington.
C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers.
D．Paula Snow fond of the color white.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“... ‘nameletter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。
3．The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” ________.
A．isn't believed in by many people
B．doesn't work with certain names
C．does not really exist
D．is often too little to show
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名－字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。

阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
【2014高考训练】A
A letter of reply is sometimes a most treasured thing． Here is a story that tells about this common and natural human sentiment．
The busiest woman in Labrador during one bitter cold Christmas not very long ago, was an Australian nurse by the naI11e of Kate Austen． But Nurse Austen was not too busy to acknowledge with a long, friendly letter every gift of food or clothing received for distribution to the natives in that cold and poor district of the north． Among the gifts was a box of knittings for children, knitted（编织）and sent by a woman in Toronto．
Nurse Austen was busy, exhausted and not feeling too well that winter．She could have written just ordinary routine notes of acknowledgement． But that was not her way． She sat down and wrote the woman in Toronto a real letter telling all about the village, and the names of the children who were wearing the knitted gloves and caps, and what they said -when they got them, and how they looked when they wore them．She wanted the woman who had knitted and sent all those lovely knittings "to see how much happiness and warmth she had created．" Not long after, she received the following answer from Canada．
Dear Miss Austen:
Your letter made me happy． I did not expect such a full return． I am eighty years old, and I am blind． There is little I can do except knit, and that is why I knit so many caps and sweaters and scarves．Of course I cannot write this, so my daughter-in-law is doing it for me．She also sewed the seams and made the buttonholes for the knitted things．
I know something of the work you are doing． At the age of nineteen I married a man who was going to China to be a missionary(传教士）． For forty years, with an occasional year at home in America, we Worked in China, and during that time our two sons and a daughter were born to us, of whom only one son survives．\After forty years, my husband's health began to fail． We returned to the States where he took charge of a settlement house in Brooklyn, New York． A surprising number of the problems we faced there were similar to the problems we had met in China．When my husband died, I came to Toronto to live with my son and daughter-in-law． They are very good to me, and I pride myself that I am little trouble to them, though it is hard for a blind old lady to be sure of anything．
What I most want to say, my dear, is this． For sixty years I have been making up missionary packages of such clothing or food or medicine or books as I could collect． In various parts of the world and to various parts of the world I have sent them．Sometimes I have received a printed note of acknowledgement from the headquarters depot or mission board, sometimes nothing．Occasionally I :have been informed that my contribution was planned for Syria or Armenia or the upper Yangtze． But never before in all that time have l had a personal letter picturing the village and telling me who is wearing the clothing and what they said．I did not suppose that ever in my lifetime I should receive a letter like that．
May God bless you．
Sincerely yours,

41．The underlined word “sentiment”（in Paragraph l） most probably means“ ”?
A． view point B． gentle feeling
C． way of thinking D． expression of attitude
42．The underlined sentence “But that was not her way” （in Paragraph 3） implies that ．
A． she would not just write an ordinary letter of thanks
B． she was too busy to write a note of acknowledgement
C． she was not busy, exhaustec3 0r feeling too well that time
D． she wrote a letter telling all about the village and the children
43．Why was Laura so happy when she received the letter from Miss Austen? Because ．
A． the letter was* from an Australian nurse
B． she was already eighty years old and blind
C． she h．ad never received a letter like that
D． the letter was not supposed to reach her
44．Ms． Laura N． Russell is now living in ．
A． China B． Australia C．Canada D．the States
45．For decades, Ms． Laura has been to and sent contributions to people all over the world．
A．Toronto and New York only B． Syria and Armenia once
C．the upper Yangtze area alone D． many places of the world
【参考答案】41—45、BACCD

阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，but it is not a particulary good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March( possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning ：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of the book，for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says“The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding：Don't pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
多年来，人们强调经验型学习。而一位名叫James Mark的却说：经验可能是最好的老师，却不是一个特别好的老师。通过对于经验型学习，本文介绍了James Mark的关于经验的书。
13．According to the text, James March is ________.
A．a poet who uses experience in his writing
B．a teacher who teaches story writing in university
C．a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D．a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
答案：C。细节判断题。从第一个段落中最后一句话里可以找到信息句，即同选项C所说的一致。
14．According to James March, experience ________.
A．is overvalued B．is easy to explain
C．should be actively sought D．should be highly respected
答案：A　推理判断题。从文章的开头以及文中的字里行间“the problem is...” “turn a doubtful eye on...” 以及“think deeply about experience learning”等可以推测出James 对于经验学习持怀疑态度，认为人们太过于重视经验学习这一方式了。
15．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Experience makes stories more accurate.
B．Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C．The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D．Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
答案：B。细节判断题。在倒数第二段中，James所说的话中“to make stories more interesting, we lose part of the complicated truth of things”就表明了故事越有趣，就越没有真实感，同选项B所说。
16．What's the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To describe a researcher.
C．To explain experiential learning. D．To discuss organizational decision making.
答案：A。作者意图判断题。纵观全文，作者一直都在围绕着一本书，在阐述关于本书中的内容以及本书作者的观点等，故选A。

【2014高考训练】
Below is an entry taken from an English dictionary．

46．“Be careful not to scratch the furniture" most probably means “Be careful not to ”．
A． remove any marks B． damage its surface
C． make any noises D． change its position
47．The word "scratch" in "Some drawings had been scratched on the back of the door" has the same meaning as in“ ”．
A．We scratched some of the dirt away
B．The car's paintwork is badly scratched
C．The dog; kept scratching at the door to go out．
D．They scratched lines in the dirt to make marks
48．“She．had scratched because of a knee injury" might imply that “She couldn't ．
A． take part in a race B． cancel a prepared activity'
C．make a living af6ne D． make enough money
49．When the French girl says "I learned German from scratch iii six months she means she ．
A．had previously well prepared B．was unsatisfied with her German
C．knew no German before that D．found few materials available
【参考答案】46—49、BDAC

沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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