2018届中考英语基础知识复习检测23.doc

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七年级(下)　Units 1—4
,中考基础知识梳理

类别
课标考点要求

词
汇
攻
关
1.sing→(名词)________
2．write→(名词)________
3．center→(形容词)________
4．tooth→(复数)________
5．usually→(形容词)________
→(形容词的反义词)________
6．early→(反义词)________→(比较级)________
→(最高级)________
7．half→(复数)________
8．clean→(反义词)________
9．drive→(名词)司机________
10．live→(名词)生命________
→(名词复数)________
11．true→(名词)________→(副词)________
12.important→(名词)________
13．noisy→(反义词)________→(名词)________
14．luck→(形容词)________→(副词)________
→(形容词的反义词)________
15．feel→(名词)________
16．learn→(名词)________
17．quickly→(反义词)________
→(形容词)________
→(形容词的反义词)________
18．old→(反义词)新的________
→(反义词)年轻的________
19．rule→(名词)尺，统治者________
20．speak→(名词)发言者，讲(某种语言)的人________
→(名词)讲话，发言________
短
语
归
纳
1.下国际象棋____________
2．擅长于……____________
3．跟……说____________
4．弹钢琴____________
5．善于应付……的，对……有办法____________
6．结交朋友____________
7．在周末____________
8．起床，站起____________
9．穿上衣服____________
10．洗淋浴____________
11.做作业____________
12．散步，走一走____________
13．乘地铁____________
14．骑自行车____________
15．在……和……之间____________
16．实现，成为现实____________
17．外出(娱乐)____________
18．铺床____________
19．(对某人)要求严格____________
20．遵守规则____________
句
型
再
现
1.“你想加入什么俱乐部？”
“我想加入一个体育俱乐部。”
—____________ do you want to join?
—I ____________.
2．那么我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。
Then we need you ________ sports for English­speaking students.
3．“你通常几点钟起床？”“我通常在6点半起床。”
—________ you usually get up?
—I usually get up ____________.
4．晚上我或者看电视或者玩电脑游戏。
In the evening，I ________ watch TV ________ play computer games.
5．在10点半，我刷牙，然后上床睡觉。
________，I ________ and then I ________.
6．“你家离学校有多远？”
“我不太肯定……大约10公里。”
—________ from your home to school?
—________…about 10 kilometers.
7．“你到学校要用多长时间？”“骑自行车大约15分钟。”
—How long ____________？
—About 15 minutes by bike.
8．对许多学生来说，到校很容易。
________，________ get to school.
语法
结构
1.情态动词的用法。
2．祈使句的用法。

话
题
1.Joining a club(加入社团、俱乐部)
2．Daily routines(日常活动)
3.Transportation(交通工具)
4．Rules(规章制度)
,贵阳五年中考真题演练
◆词汇类
(　　)1.(2012贵阳45题)“Whose notebook is this？”“It ________ Jim's. It has his name on it.”
A．can't be　　B．must be　　C．can be
(　　)2.(2014贵阳32题)“Whose T­shirt is this？”“It ______ be John's.It's much too small for him.”
A．might B．can't C．needn't
(　　)3.(2011贵阳35题)Some Chinese singers sing English songs just as ________ as native speaker do.
A．good B．better C．well
◆词汇类
4．(2012贵阳93题)Tina complains that waiting for Sally always ________(make) her angry.
5．(2013贵阳94题)“Which do you like ________，football，basketball or volleyball？”“Basketball.”(good)
6．(2015贵阳91题)I always ________ to school，and I think it's a good way to keep healthy.(instead of, dress up, ride my bike),贵阳中考重难点突破

　join参加，加入
【考点抢测】
join，join in，take part in，attend
1．When did your brother ________ the army?
2．He'll ________ an important meeting tomorrow.
3．Come along，and ________ the ball game.
4．We'll ________social practice during the summer vacation.
5．She ________the Young Pioneers last year.
【满分点拨】
辨析join，join in，take part in和attend

词语
辨析
例句
join
意为“加入某一组织，成为其中的一员”。其后还可以接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去
His father joined the Party in 1956.他的爸爸1956年加入共产党。
join in
常用于join in sth. /doing sth.中，意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词，此时用法与take part in可以互换
They all join in singing the song.他们一起唱这首歌。
Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？
take
part in
指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动等，往往参加者持有积极的态度，起一些作用
Will you take part in the English Evening？你将参加英语之夜吗？
attend
指“出席(会议)；到场；上(课)”等
Who attended the mee­ting？谁出席了会议？
　be good at…擅长于
【考点抢测】
6．我擅长弹钢琴。
____________ playing the piano.
7．水果对你的健康有好处。
Fruit ____________ your health.
8．她和孩子们相处得很好。
She ____________ the children.
【满分点拨】
be good at
“擅长”，相当于do well in，at后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式
be good with
“善于应付……的；对……有办法”，其同义短语为get on well with
be good for
“对……有好处”，其反义短语为be bad for，意为“对……有害；对……有坏处”
　辨析dress，put on，wear与be in
【考点抢测】
dress，put on，wear，be in
9．The young man always ________ a T­shirt.
10．It's too cold outside.________your coat.
11．My English teacher ________ red today.
12．The actress is ________ in the latest fashion.
(　　)13.Look！My little brother is ________ himself now.
A．wearing 　　　B．dressing
C．putting on
【满分点拨】
dress给……穿衣
表示动作或状态，宾语通常是人，dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(动作)；dress oneself给自己穿衣服；be/get dressed in…“穿着……”(状态)
put on
穿上；戴上
强调动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽；宾语若是代词必须放在put和on之间；反义词组是take off
wear
穿着；戴着
强调状态，宾语可为服装、鞋帽、饰物、奖章等
be in
穿着
后接衣服、帽子等，此时可以和wear或have sth. on互换。其后也可以接颜色，不能用于进行时态
【图解助记】
,put on穿上(动作)；
dress sb./oneself给某人/自己穿衣服　　　,wear穿着；戴着(状态)；
be in穿着
　either的用法
【考点抢测】
neither，any，either，none
14．I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but ________ of them came.
15．—Would you like beer or Coca­Cola?
—I don't mind.________is OK.
16．He lent me a lot of books，but ________ of them is easy for me to read.
17．All of these are interesting books and you can borrow ________ of them.
(　　)18.________ of them was in good health，but they both worked very hard.
A．Either　　B．Neither　　C．None
【满分点拨】
either用作代词，“(两者之中)任一、任何一个”。
如：Either(of the books)is popular with the students.(两本书)随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。(主语)
either用作副词，在否定句作“也”解释，通常置于句末。如：Lily doesn't like fruit.I don't like fruit，either.丽丽不喜欢水果，我也不喜欢。
either…or…，意为“或……或……，不是……就是……，要么……要么……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。如：
Either you or Tom has done it.(连接并列主语)不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。
【注意】在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致。
either的反义词为neither“(两者)都不”，either…or…的反义词组为neither…nor…“既不……也不……”。
【拓展】辨析either，also，too，yet与as well
这五个词均含“也”之意，但具体用法不同：

词汇
用法

either
用于否定句
放在句末，之前可加逗号
also
用于肯定句
较正式，放在实义动词之前，
系动词、助动词、情态动词之后
too
用于肯定句
较口语，位于句末，
可用逗号隔开
yet
用于否定句
和疑问句
常放在句末
as well
用于肯定句
常放在句末
【巧学妙记】巧记also，too，either的用法
be also，also do，句中位置要记清。
too一般放句末，句中前后要用逗号隔。
also语气比too重，都是用来表肯定。
若是表否定，记住要用either来表示。
　常见交通工具的表达(take，by，in与on)
【考点抢测】
19．I wish I could fly to the moon ________(乘宇宙飞船) one day.
20．I used to go to school ________ (乘公共汽车)，but today I go to school ________(步行)．
21．The teacher told us that we would ________(乘地铁) to visit the museum next Sunday.
22．He has returned to Beijing ________(坐飞机)．
23．I often go to Shanghai ________ (坐火车)．
【满分点拨】
take＋冠词＋交通工具。如：take a taxi，take a car，take a bus，take a train，take a ship等。如果要表示步行只需要使用walk就可以了。
by指某种手段或通过某种方式，常和交通工具的单数形式直接连用。如：by bus，by boat，by plane等。此时，既不能在名词前加限定词，也不能把名词改为复数形式。如：My brother goes to school by bike.我哥哥骑自行车去上学。
当交通工具前有限定词(冠词和物主代词等)时，介词可用“on”，也可用“in”，in接小型的交通工具，例如：in a car，in his car等。on接大型交通工具，骑自行车除外。如：on a bus，on his bike等。
【注意】on 还有一种特殊情况，表示“步行”除了可以用动词walk之外，还可以用介词短语on foot。
介词by，in和on都可以与有关交通工具的名词搭配，表示交通方式。如：He usually goes to work by train.他通常乘火车去上班。
　辨析between和among
【考点抢测】
24．The high speed railway ________ Guiyang and Changsha is expected to open to traffic in May 2015.(贵阳特色：沪昆高铁贵阳至长沙段预计2015年5月开通)
25．There are many differences ________ (在……之间)the students.
(　　)26.His grade in the exam put him ________ the top students in his class.
A．between　　　B．over　　　C．among
【满分点拨】
between用于“两者之间”，只要可以构成双方关系，都可以用between。如：I will come between twelve and one o'clock.我将在十二点至一点之间过来。
among在……之间，强调是在三个或三个以上的人或事物之中。如：There was someone shouting at me among the students.学生中间有人在喊我。
【注意】指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每两者之间时，仍用between，不能用among。如：The village lies between three hills.村子坐落在三座小山之间。
　辨析arrive，reach与get to
【考点抢测】
arrive，get，reach
27．When did Jim ________the bus station?
28．I usually ________ home at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
29．If you ________ too late，the host will be unhappy.
30．When did you ________ at the village?
31．Don't forget to write to me as soon as you ______Australia.
(　　)32.My mother and I love Shanghai very much.We ________ Shanghai for holidays last Sunday.
A．reached to 　　B．got C．got to
【满分点拨】
辨析arrive at与arrive in
arrive at
指到达较小的场所，如镇、家、店等
arrive in
指到达较大的地方，如国家、大城市等
【图解助记】

　辨析too many，too much与much too
【考点抢测】
too many，too much，much too
33．You shouldn't eat ________ meat because it's bad for your health.
34．Today，________ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.
35．The sweater is very beautiful，but it's ________ dear.
(　　)36.Look！There's ________ ice on the lake.
A．too many 　　　B．too much
C．much too
【满分点拨】

短语
意义
用法

too many

too much
太多的……

其后可接可数名词复数形式

其后接不可数名词，还可
用作副词，修饰动词

much too
太……
much用来增强语气，后
面常接形容词或副词
　　如：There are too many flowers in the garden.花园里的花太多了。
I have too much homework this evening.今天晚上我的家庭作业太多了。
This box is much too heavy.这个箱子太重了。
　get up起床
【考点抢测】
37．你周末什么时候起床？
What time do you ________ ________ at weekends?
38．我们天天按时到校。
We ________ ________ school on time every day.
39．我相信你会克服所有的困难。
I believe you'll ________ ________ all the trouble.
(　　)40.(2014河北中考)Steven，we should ________ the bus at the next stop.
A．get up　　B．get off　　C．get to
【满分点拨】
get over克服；恢复；原谅
get ready准备
get off下车
get on＝get along相处getget up起床
get into进入
get to到达
get used to习惯于
　How do you get to school？你如何到校？
【考点抢测】
(　　)41.(2013淮安中考)—________ do you usually get to school，Simon?
—By bike.
A．When　　B．How　　C．What
【满分点拨】
(1)本句是提问交通方式，由疑问词how引导，句中get to短语可以替换为arrive at或reach；
(2)答语常用两种方式“by＋工具”或“主语＋动词＋限定词(冠词/物主代词)＋工具”或“in/on＋限定词＋工具”。如：
—How do you get to work every day，Bob?
鲍勃，你每天如何去上班？
—By bus./I take the bus./On a bus.坐公交车。
　How long does it take you to get to school？你到校要花费多长时间？
【考点抢测】
(　　)42.(2014白银中考)It only ________ me half an hour ________ to school every day last term.
A．takes；riding 　　　B．spent；to ride
C．took；to walk
【满分点拨】
(1)It takes sb.… to do sth.“某人花费……做某事”，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是句中to do不定式结构；
(2)该句式可替换为sb.spend(s)…doing sth.结构。如：
It takes me 20 minutes to read English every morning.＝I spend 20 minutes reading English every morning.
【温馨提示】
根据不同时间状语，该句式也可变形为It took/will take sb.…to do sth.。,高频话题写作指导
规章制度
◆写作导图
从全国近五年规章制度相关话题书面表达的命题来看，通常从三个角度设题：
1．学校规则：包括校规校纪的认识及建议。
2．交通规则：对乱穿马路现象谈谈你的看法。
3．生活中普遍的行为规范：谈谈你对遵守秩序的看法。
结合贵阳考情，可以预测第一种考查角度几率更大。如贵阳2011年的书面表达题为“Rules of My School”
RuleSchool rulescan't/mustn't/aren'tmust/should/have to…Traffic rulesCan't/mustn't…must/should/have toRules in our
daily lifecan't/mustn't…must/should/have to
◆亮点句型速成
常用句型：We should help protect the environment.
推荐句型：→It's important and necessary for us to help protect the environment.
常用句型：Don't crowd with each other.
推荐句型：→Don't crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs.
(一)开头句：
1．Summer is coming，and we must remember it's dangerous to swim in the river.
2．We should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are having sports.
3．We should respect our teachers，parents and the old.
(二)中间句：
4．We should be careful when we make friends.
5．We should be friendly and get on well with others，don't quarrel or even fight.
6．We must obey traffic rules and mustn't cross the streets when the traffic lights are red.
7．We should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food.
(三)结尾句：
8．If we are in danger，we must call the police for help in time.
◆写作模板
We are asked to怎么做．It is dangerous to干某事，for it may cause什么后果．We should 做什么．Besides，we are not allowed to做某事．If we really want to，we must怎么做．What's more，还应该怎么做．I think 总体说对规章制度的认识．
◆典例剖析
假如你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。
家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；
游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；
交通安全：过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。
要求：1.词数80～100词；
2．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3．文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4．邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．开头先问候与引出话题(已经给出)。介绍具体的安全条例内容：家庭安全、游泳安全、交通安全(重点阐述)(根据提示来写，不要有遗漏，可以适当发挥)。总结全文，再次强调安全的重要性。
2．本文描述学校给“我们”制定的安全条例，因此写作时用第一人称。
3．安全条例的内容通常是应该做什么，不该做什么，因此，情态动词使用的较多。注意选择恰当的情态动词，如should，mustn't，have to等，用情态动词表达将来或者建议、禁止、允许等；另外，表明这样做的理由时，用一般现在时。
4．词数80～100词，不得出现真实人名、校名。
【范文点评】

Dear David，
Glad to receive your e­mail.Our school has made many safety rules for us to follow.Let me tell you something about them.
①We__are__asked__to__be__careful__with__electricity__when__we__are__using__it.②It__is__dangerous__to__play__with__fire，for__it__may__cause__terrible__accidents.We should
①be asked to do sth.被要求做某事，这里运用被动语态，被动语态属于初中的一个难点，也是得分的亮点，点明了第一项；be careful with 小心某物，表明用电安全的重要性。
②It's＋adj.to do sth.固定句型的使用，做某事是怎样的；cause accidents导致事故，从反面说明了玩火的危害。

③make__sure doors and windows are shut before we leave.Besides，we are not allowed to swim alone，especially in deep rivers or lakes.If we really want to，we must go to the swimming pool with our parents or teachers.
④What's__more，⑤following__traffic__rules__is__also__very__important.Everyone__should__watch__out__when__crossing__the__road.And our school ⑥warns__us__not__to__play__on__the__road.
I think these rules are necessary as safety comes first.
Have a good summer holiday!
Yours，
Wang Wei
③make sure (that)…确保……，引出家庭安全的第二项：关好门窗。besides另外，自然引出游泳安全；使用被动语态be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事，表明单独出去游泳是不允许的，我们应该与父母一起去游泳池，go to … with…。
④what's more，更重要的是，逐步深入，既引出了交通安全，又表明了它的重要性。
⑤用短语following traffic rules和watch out表明要遵守交通规则且过马路要“当心”。
⑥warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事，寄托了学校老师对我们无微不至的关心。

,热点素材拓展
沪昆高铁贵阳至长沙段
2015 comes，what changes will __1__ in our city and life?
Guiyang to Changsha section of high­speed railway is __2__ to open to traffic in May 2015.By train from Shanghai to Guiyang，Beijing，only 7 hours.Shanghai to Kunming high­speed rail line is expected to open to traffic in the first half of 2016.By then the train from Guiyang to Kunming only __3__ 2 hours.It will take 13 minutes from Guiyang to Longli，it will be opened __4__ 2015.__5__ length of Northeast link is about 57.11 km.Its speed will be set to reach 250 kilometers per hour.Baiyun，Guiyang east，Longdongbao，Longli north 4 stations.The project is from the Baiyun District，Wudang District，Longdongbao District，Nanming District Small Green Township to Longli county.Another small Bi to Guiyang on the up­down link contact line.(贵阳特色：2015年沪昆高铁贵阳至长沙段开通给贵阳及周边城市生活带来巨大变化)
(　　)1.A.happen　　B．come　　　C．happens
(　　)2.A.planned B．supposed C．expected
(　　)3.A.spends B．costs C．takes
(　　)4.A.at the end of　　　B．by the end of
C．in the end
(　　)5.A.All the B．All of C．The whole

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