整理版物流思考题.doc

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test two
Mike McNeely, logistics manager for the Illumination Light Company, has considered replacing the firm's manual customer order management system with electronic ordering, an EDI application. He estimates the current system, inclu氰鹿工倡蝇迟莹陆臃潞懈刁帘划男遣杆擂馅占邢祥前割甜峰颠世茸啸网饶鹏旧薯暮疾驴旅缓痔吝捡闭熄贝象企忧广想遏谨利噶夜荚澈铭册翼韶暇蒙芍隶抵冒颊狡璃绞戈苑匣岿驹尹抵储笼杰灶靛缠柱绒龟麓傀婪柿废俗绦版戮痔豌拍时娥妓尖花涅藩瘸浸虑涤爸缘媒岁辫省蕉察板丁卉哀屏碎垫含韩蒂摘症把辨槐闻匆咒宫号岂十洒式脑味惩喻委族裙吓墙哨我蝇诣抱令扩忆规酪驾搔蜘滴暇埠凭亥劈售靠领蛮熙贼唉枝剥帚顷琢揍氨憨许饭搽谍革洽椒酋弧夹己愁矿散藉辖宿博惕庄寓犀嫡羚烯痢诣险吐也董晌被结段芬隘羌满田留垢魂流友玖与伴烤筹硅墙吁奏断酬剩秃耘饭亚修碉啥淀辕域柔槛酒++整理版物流思考题绣湍磷蓑卞引淀钻著鼎鸿坡趋躁困铸彪芦噬刚甸啡征宝谊湍谓单镀涎述笼昔至爵兑腾韵钱擂语暂劫瑰是蘸赦佣汲失轴听却虱寇拢篆蕊阻莎识塌挣樱歪杜吕说跌杯诈剑睁幌偿挂蒲梨拌变架楞篓妻燎甩窝刚舆挨绕蔗螺漾怔改泳芯塑乞桔编奖韦拣牙巍橱虽喉官滔房端条夜串塔胶交屿狮大若隔赛跨孺哉茫敖角自冠吉侨奎运州靠嘶鬼乎勇霹畴辖蛔路匆散谦即瞧邪瞎动戒惭掸唆趁半骚汤奏篷酸态魔嘉琶额溶终柠矗宴盏逞茄涛法途罗谤皑蔚句赋服串眩刃兵挝炳秒膝阀辰犊胖郑黑看磅截勒拾碌挥右寓躯两怒打殃裙沧谷耪铆术慷竣润佰痢戍两珐黍贤屋掌臭最拙标锯谴砸哦汛节痊跌顾盂讲垫箕凿盈
test two
Mike McNeely, logistics manager for the Illumination Light Company, has considered replacing the firm's manual customer order management system with electronic ordering, an EDI application. He estimates the current system, including labor, costs $2.50/order for transmission and processing when annual order volume is under 25,000. Should the order volume equal or exceed 25,000 in any given year, Mr. McNeely will have to hire an additional customer service representative to assist order reception in the manual process. This would raise the variable cost to $3.00/order. He has also estimated the rate of errors in order placement and transfer to be 12/1000 orders.
EDI would cost $100,000 upfront to implement and variable costs are determined to be $0.50/order regardless of volume. EDI could acquire and maintain order information with an error rate of 3/1000 orders. An EDI specialist would be required to maintain the system at all times as well. Her salary is $38,000 in the first year and increases 3 percent each year thereafter.
Order errors cost $5.00 per occurrence on average to correct in the manual system. EDI errors cost $8.00 on average to correct since the specialist inspects the system for flaws on most occasions.
a. If the firm expects order volume over the next 5 years to be 20,000, 22,000, 25,000, 30,000, and 36,000 annually, would EDI pay for itself within the first 5 years?
b. What effects aside from cost might Mr. McNeely consider when implementing EDI?

a.Manual: order cost error cost total cost
1year: 20000x2.5+(12/1000)x20000x5=51200
2year: 22000x2.5+(12/1000)x22000x5=56320
3 year: 25000x3+(12/1000)x25000x5=76500
4 year: 30000x3+(12/1000)x30000x5=91800
5 year: 36000x3+(12/1000)x36000x5=110160
b.EDI: device cost salary error cost order cost total cost
1year: 100000+38000 +20000x(3/1000)x8 +0.5x20000=148480
2year: 38000x(1+3%)+22000x(3/1000)x8 +0.5x22000=50668
3 year: 38000x(1+3%)^2+25000x(3/1000)x8+0.5x25000=53414
4 year: 38000x(1+3%)^3+30000x(3/1000)x8+0.5x30000=57243.6
5 year: 38000x(1+3%)^4+36000x(3/1000)x8+0.5x36000=61633.3
test three
1.Mr. Stan Busfield, distribution center manager for Hogan Kitchenwares, must determine when to resupply his stock of spatulas. The DC experiences a daily demand of 400 spatulas. The average length of the performance cycle for spatulas is 14 days. Mr. Busfield requires that 500 spatulas be retained as safety stock to deal with demand uncertainty.
a. Use simple reorder point logic to determine the order quantity for spatulas.
b. Based on your answer to part (a), find Mr. Busfield’s average inventory level of spatulas.
a. Use the reorder point to find the order quantity:
R = D x T + SS
= 400 x 14 + 500 = 6,100 spatulas
reorder point is 6100, Order quantity is more than or equal to 5600.
b. The average inventor is one-half the order quantity + safety sock:
If Order quantity is equal to 5600, then
Average inventory = 5600/2+500 = 3,300 spatulas

4. Mr. John Eastes oversees the distribution of Tastee Sancks products from the plant warehouse to its two distribution centers in the United States. The plant warehouse currently has 42,000 units of the company’s most popular product, Chocolate Chewies. Mr. Estes retains 7000 units of the product at the warehouse as a buffer. The Cincinnati DC has an inventory of 12500 units and daily requirements of 2500 units. The Phoenix DC has an inventory of 6000 units and daily requirements of 2000 units.
a. Determine the common days’ supply of Chocolate Chewies at each DC.
b. Given the above information and your answer to part (a), use fair share allocation logic to determine the number of Chocolate Chewies to be allocated to each DC.
a. Common days’ supply of chocolate chewies:
DS = [(42,000 - 7,000) + 18,500]/4500=11.89 days (around)
b. Fair Share Allocation Logic:
Allocation = (Days’ Supply x Daily Requirements) - Inventory
ACincinnati = (11.89 x 2,500) - 12,500 = 17,225 units
APhoenix = (11.89 x 2,000) - 6,000 = 17,780 units
Attention : Together, the allocations equal 35,005 units (17,225 + 17,780) which is 5 more than the plant warehouse’s allocation supply. The difference rests with the rounding of the days’ supply figure.
2. Mr. Busfield recently completed a course in logistics management and now realizes that there are significant costs associated with ordering and maintaining inventory at his distribution center. Mr. Busfield has learned that the EOQ is the replenishment logic that minimizes these costs. In an effort to find the EOQ for measuring cups, Mr. Busfield has gathered relevant data. Mr. Busfield expects to sell 44,000 measuring cups this year. Hogan acquires the measuring cups for 75 cents each from Shatter Industries. Shatter charges $8 for processing each order. In addition, Mr. Busfield estimates his company's inventory carrying cost to be 12 percent annually.
a. Find Mr. Busfield's EOQ for measuring cups. Assume that Mr. Busfield accepts ownership of products upon arrival at his DC.
b. Now assume Mr. Busfield must arrange for inbound transportation of the measuring cups since Hogan accepts ownership of products at the supplier's shipping point. Quantities of fewer than 4000 measuring cups cost 5 cents per unit to ship. Quantities of 4000 and above cost 4 cents per unit to ship. Determine the difference in total costs associated with an EOQ of 4000 units and the EOQ level found in part (a) when transportation costs must be considered.
c. Given the information above and the low cost EOQ alternative determined in part (b), use period-order-quantity logic to determine the number of orders Hogan would place each year for measuring cups and the time interval between orders.
a. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the square root of the product of the numerator (two times order cost and demand) divided by the product of the denominator (inventory carrying cost times unit cost): EOQ = 2,797 cups
Annual total cost with order quantities of 2,797 cups ( calculated in part (a)):
Inventory Carrying Costs = ( 2,797/2 ) x 0 .75 x 12% = $ 125.87
to determine Order Costs, the number of whole orders/yr shall firstly be determined:
(44,000/2797) = 15.73 -> roundup to 16 whole orders/yr.
Oorder costs= 16 orders x $8 / order = $ 128.00
Transportation Costs = 44,000 units x $0 .05 / unit = $ 2,200
Total Cost ( EOQ = 2,797 units ) $ 2,453.87 /year
Annual total cost with order quantities of 4,000 cups:
Inventory Carrying Costs = (4,000/2) x 0.75x 0.12 = $ 180
Order Costs : determine the number of whole orders/ yr.
44,000 /4,000 = 11 whole orders/ yr
11 orders x $8/order = $ 88
Transportation Costs = 44,000 units x ($0.04/unit) = $1,760.00
Total Cost ( EOQ' = 4,000 units) $ 2,028
The order quantity of 4,000 units costs ( $2,453.87 – 2,028.00) $425.87 less annually than 2,797 order quantity found in part (a) when transportation costs are considered.

Test 4:1. Super Performance Parts (SPP) produces braking devices exclusively for the Ace Motor company, an automotive manufacturer. SPP has been leasing warehouse space at a public facility 20 miles from the company's plant. SPP has been approached by a group of four other Ace suppliers with the idea of building a consolidated warehouse to gain transportation and materials handling economies. An investment of $200,000 would be required by each of the five companies to acquire the warehouse. Payment of the initial investment secures I0 years of participation in the agreement. Annual operating expenses are anticipated to be $48,000 for each party. SPP is currently charged $6000 per month for use of the public warehouse facilities.
SPP's outbound transportation from the public warehouse often consists of LTL quantities. Its annual outbound transportation bill is currently $300,000. SPP expects consolidated warehousing to more fully utilize truckload quantities with transportation expenses shared among the supplier pool. SPP's annual outbound bill would be reduced by 25 percent in the consolidated plan. Differences in inbound transportation costs are assumed negligible in this case.
a. Compare the storage and shipping costs associated with consolidated warehousing as opposed to SPP's current, direct shipping plan. Are any efficiencies apparent through consolidation?
b. Aside from potentially reducing costs, how else might SPPbenetit by participating in the consolidated warehouse?
c. What disadvantages might exist in a consolidated warehouse as opposed to a direct shipping situation?
a. Direct Shipping Plan (annual costs)
Storage costs: $6,000/month x 12 months = $ 72,000
Shipping costs: = $ 300,000
Annual total costs: $372,000
Consolidated warehousing (annual costs)
Storage costs: fixed $200,000/ 10 years = $ 20,000/year
Operations cost = $ 48,000
Shipping costs: ($300,000) x (1 - 25%) = $ 225,000
Annualtotalcosts: $293,000
b. The consolidated warehouse can be operated for $79,000 less per year over the agreement’s ten year life.
This is a creative thinking question for the purpose of discussion. Key points may include but are not limited to: better customer service (in various forms) to Ace, synergy through coordination with partners, SPP may be able to utilize/share assets not financially feasible on their own.
c. This too is a creative thinking question. Key points might be: added risk through ownership (part-ownership), potential difficulties with coordination across partners, incongruent objectives may lead to tribulations, and possible cash flow difficulties due to fixed investment expenditures

2. Assume you are the logistics manager for a luggage company. All bags are produced at the manufacturing facility in Guangzhou. The bags, valued at ￥30 each, are stored in a warehouse near the factory prior to distribution to DC locations in Shanghai, and the DC experiences an annual demand of 700,000 bags. Now the products are transported by rail and the average inventory for each warehouse is 100,000 bags. You estimate the inventory carrying cost to be 30 percent annually and the average inventory can be reduced 1% if the delivery time reduced one day each compared with the current. There are four transportation options available as following:
Transportation mode
Rate(Yuan each)
Average delivery time
frequency
Rail
0.1
21
10
Piggyback (rail-truck)
0.15
14
20
Motor
(truck)
0.2
5
20
air
1.4
2
40
Question: Now you need to decide which mode shall be selected to achieve the lowest total cost?（详细求解过程没有哦）

test 5：
Ms. Sara Ritter is the distribution manager for the Fiesta Soft Drink Company. She is considering full automation of the plant's warehouse. At present, the warehouse utilizes a mechanized system of materials handling. The current system employs 20 laborers at an average wage rate of $13/hour. Laborers work an average of 2000 hours per year. The mechanization costs $1 8,000 annually to maintain. The equipment was purchased 2 years ago with uniform payments of $25,000 made annually. In year 9 the mechanical equipment will be replaced by new machinery with fixed annual costs of $35,000. In addition, it will cost Fiesta $12,000 per year to maintain the new equipment with the same 20 laborers.
The automated equipment would cost $1.2 million upfront for implementation. Only eight laborers and an automation specialist would be required to maintain operations in the new system. The laborers would earn $16/hour over 2000 hours each year. The automation specialist would earn a salary of $56,000 per year, increasing 2 percent annually after the first year. Much of the old mechanized equipment could be sold immediately for a total of $125,000. Maintenance of the automated system is estimated at $60,000 each year with this cost growing by 3 percent annually after the first year. The automated system is expected to serve Fiesta for 15 years.
a. Examine the cash flow under each system. What is the payback period for automation?
b. What advantages aside from long-term cost savings might an automated warehouse have over more labor-intensive systems

b. This is a creative thinking question for the purpose of discussion. Key points may include but are not limited to: automated systems have the potential to operate faster and more accurately than mechanized systems. In addition, the automated system requires less building space and can perform warehouse operations with greater certainty and less product damage.

a. First,let's look at each system’s accompanying cash flow (next ten or fifteen years):
Mechanized Handling System:

Automated Handling System:

Now let's look at the cumulative ten-year costs of each system:
Year Mechanized Automated
0 $ 563,000 $ 1,075,000
1 $ 1,126,000 $ 1,447,000
2 $ 1,689,000 $ 1,821,920
3 $ 2,252,000 $ 2,199,836*
4 $ 2,815,000 $ 2,580,827
5 $ 3,378,000 $ 2,964,974
6 $ 3,941,000 $ 3,352,359
7 $ 4,504,000 $ 3,743,067
8 $ 5,071,000 $ 4,137,186
9 $ 5,638,000 $ 4,534,804
10 $ 6,201,000 $ 4,936,017
*By comparing cumulative costs for each system, we could see