建筑工程中桩基检测技术问题分析中英文对照.doc

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建筑工程中桩基检测技术问题分析中英文对照
Analysis and testing technology of pile foundation construction in Chinese and English.

　桩基是影响工程质量的基础因素，并且桩基这一影响因素还是隐性的影响因素。作为地面建筑的一种支撑，好的桩基会让结构的基础更加的稳定，而质量劣质的桩基，会对结构的安全造成恶劣的影响。因此，对于基础施工，桩基的检测是一个不可或缺的技术环节。并且随着现代工程的进步，对于质量和安全系数的要求越来越高，对于特殊的结构群体，诸如高层建筑以及铁路建筑的建设中桩基技术不断的发展，因而建设工程单位所面临的要求也越来越高， 越来越严格，这个时候桩基的检测技术就可以发挥出应有的作用报这个桩基质量。
Pile foundation is the basic factors influencing the engineering quality, influencing factors and the influencing factors of pile or recessive. As a supporting ground buildings, the pile will make structure more stable, and the quality inferior pile foundation, will cause bad influence on the safety of structure. Therefore, for the foundation construction, pile foundation detection is an indispensable link. And with the development of modern engineering progress, growing demand for quality and safety factor, the structure of special groups, such as the development of high-rise building pile foundation construction and railway construction in technology, so the construction units are facing the increasingly high demand, more and more strict, the pile foundation detection technology can play a role on the quality of pile foundation should be.
　　1 桩基的检测技术分析
Analysis and testing technology 1 pile foundation
　　1.1 成孔的质量检测
Quality inspection of 1.1 into the hole
　　在对成孔的质量进行检测时，主要的检测部位有桩孔的位置检测、孔径以及孔深的监测。底沉渣的厚度监测和垂直度的监测等等。成孔的质量直接归决定桩基的柱体的成桩质量，过时桩孔在孔径上的直径偏小，那么整个桩的承载力就会有所下降；而若是孔径扩大，那么整个桩在上部的侧阻力优惠随之增大，下部就不能发挥侧阻力应有的作用；另外，桩孔的垂直程度也会对承载力造成影响，偏斜的基桩会阻碍桩基的作用发挥；最后若是底部的沉渣太多就会令桩体的有效长度减少，那么也会对桩体的质量造成影响。因此，这些问题的检测工作就尤为重要了。
On the test of the quality of pore, position detection, detection part mainly have the pile hole diameter and hole depth monitoring. Thickness monitoring and verticality of bottom sediment monitoring etc.. The quality of the pile hole quality directly to the cylinder pile decision, outdated pile hole in aperture of the diameter is small, so the bearing capacity of the pile will decrease; and if the size, then the whole pile side resistance concessions in the upper part of the increase, the lower part can not play the role of side resistance due; in addition, the vertical extent of pile hole can also impact on the bearing capacity of the pile deflection, play will hinder the pile foundation; finally, if the effective length of the bottom sediment too much will make the pile decreases, it will affect the quality of pile body. Therefore, detection of these problems is particularly important.
　　1.2 承载力检测分析
1.2 bearing capacity analysis
　　1.2.1 静荷载试验法。这种方式在对于桩基的检测上主要是检测承载力，桩基在水平上的承载力以及在竖直方向上的承载力是桩基质量的衡量标准，同时也是对建筑的影响最大的因素，这里就需要用到静荷载实验的方式。一般的工程检测中大多都是对竖直方向上的承载力较为重视。这种检测方式的有点就是利用了和桩基实际会承受的力度去模拟实验对其受理的条件进行试验。这种方式一般都应用在对于工程试桩的检测上，在不破坏桩基的基础上对其进行检测。并且精度很高，误差低于10%。
1.2.1 static load test method. In this way for pile foundation detection is detection of bearing capacity, bearing capacity of pile foundation in the level and capacity in the vertical direction is a standard measure of quality of pile foundation, but also the impact on building the biggest factor, here we need to use the static load experiment method. The general engineering detection mostly has attached more importance to the bearing capacity of the vertical direction. This detection method is a little use and actual pile foundation will bear the efforts to simulate the experimental test of the admissibility condition. This is generally used in the detection for engineering test pile, the pile foundation detection without destroying the. And the precision is very high, the error is less than 10%.
　　1.2.2 高应变动法。这种方式是通过对桩体在接近极限承载力的时候的状态分析，这就需要利用到重锤这一机械方式的瞬间冲击力，令桩体周围的土产生变形。在结合其实际测量力度以及速度时，通过数据的曲线分析，结合应力波的理论以及桩体的有关参数，对桩体的极限工作能力进行分析。
1.2.2 high strain method. This way is through the analysis of the status of pile body when approaching the limit bearing capacity, it will need to use the weight that a mechanical means of instantaneous impact force, the pile surrounding soil deformation. In combination with the actual measurement of strength and speed, through the analysis of data curve, combined with the relevant parameters of the stress wave theory and the analysis of pile, ultimate working capacity of piles.
　　1.3 完整性的检测分析
Detection and analysis of 1.3 integrity
　　1.3.1 低应变动的测法。这种测法就是通过波动理论以及机械阻抗理论进行试验分析，在桩顶是假一个较低振幅的激振能量。通过这种能量对土体的周围进行环境改变，引起桩身以及土体在桩身周围的微幅振动。同时使用仪表对加速度以及振动的速度进行记录以及分析，并通过分析达到控制和检验桩基的目的，对桩基的质量进行保障，对桩身的完整性进行保证以及达到对桩基承载力的预测目的。
1.3.1 low strain dynamic testing. This method is tested through the analysis of the wave theory and the mechanical impedance theory, on top of the pile is a low amplitude vibration energy. Environmental change through the energy of soil around the pile and the soil, causing the micro-amplitude vibration around the pile shaft. At the same time, the use of instrument for recording and analysis of vibration acceleration and velocity, and achieve the control and inspection of pile foundation through the analysis of the objective, for the guarantee of the quality of the pile foundation, guarantee and the purpose of prediction of bearing capacity of pile integrity of pile body.
　　1.3.2 声波透射检测法。这是一种对超声波的利用，通过声波的变化产生的升学参数对混凝土的状态进行检测。通过不同的声速、频率以及振幅的变化，以此对桩身的混凝土的状况进行分析，对可能有连续断层以及加沙和蜂窝缺陷的位置以及大小进行判断。
1.3.2 sound wave transmission method. This is a kind of ultrasonic parameters, state education produced by acoustic change detection of concrete. Through the different velocity, frequency and amplitude changes, analysis the pile body concrete situation, a continuous fault as well as Gaza and cellular defect location and size to determine the possible.
　　2 桩基的检测技术的应用　　举一个简单的事例，某座办公楼为十五层，地上有十四层，地下有一层。整座建筑都是采用了整体式的框架结构。通过钢筋混凝土材料的预制桩进行基础建设。通过结合勘测的结果以及现场的环境和工程特质，通过比较特性差异，将建筑从上到下的分成了四层。
Application of testing technology 2 pile foundation for a simple example, a building fifteen layer, fourteen layer on the ground, and an underground layer. The whole building is the overall structure of the type. Through the construction of precast pile foundation reinforced concrete materials. By combining the survey results and the environment and engineering characteristics, by comparing the characteristic difference, the building from top to bottom is divided into four layers.
　　2.1 成孔质量检测。本工程中基桩成孔质量测试采用的仪器设备主要有JJC-1A型孔径仪、JNC-1型沉渣测定仪、JJX-3A型井斜仪、深度记录仪（充电脉冲发生器）、电动绞车、孔口轮等组成。分别对成孔的孔深、孔径、孔斜及沉渣厚度进行了检测。
2.1 hole quality detection. This project foundation pile hole quality testing using equipment mainly JJC-1A type aperture tester, JNC-1 tester, sediment type JJX-3A inclinometer, depth recorder (charging pulse generator), electric winch, orifice wheel etc.. Respectively on the hole depth, diameter, hole deviation and sediment thickness were detected.
　　2.2 静载试验检测。本次工程中，根据设计要求，对试桩检测过程中的3根试桩分别进行单桩竖向静载试验。本次检测使用的主要设备有：武汉生产的静载试验成套设备RS-JYB，主要包括主机、中继器、控载箱、5000kN千斤顶、位移传感器等。另外还有钢梁、压板等。检测方法如下：本次竖向静载试验，采锚桩反力装置与配重联合加载法，即在试验桩桩顶放置千斤顶，再放主梁、次梁，次梁连接4根锚桩，同时在次梁之上堆放预制桩作为配重。对桩的加载方式采用快速维持荷载法，即逐级加荷，加荷后隔15min读一次数，每级加荷时间为2h。预计加荷为8级，每级荷载增量均为500kN。如果中间出现破坏荷载，则停止加荷。检测结果3根桩的极限承载力平均值为4000kN，最大极差为0，不大十平均值的30%，故单桩承载力的特征值（标准值）为4000=2.0=2000kN，符合设计要求。
2.2 static load test. In this project, according to the design requirements, the test pile of 3 piles were the single pile vertical static load test. The main equipment used in the detection of Wuhan: production of the static load test equipment RS-JYB, including the host, relay, control load case, 5000kN jack, displacement sensor. In addition to steel beam, plate etc.. Detection methods are as follows: the vertical static load test, mining anchor pile counterforce device and weight combined loading method, namely placed Jack in the test pile, and then put the girder, girder, secondary beam is connected with 4 anchor pile, at the same time in the secondary beam on stacked precast pile as counterweight. The quick load maintain law of pile loading modes, namely progressive loading, loading after reading a number of 15min, each stage of loading time for 2h. Expected loading into 8 levels, each level of load increment was 500kN. If there is failure load, then stop loading. Results 3 the ultimate bearing capacity of pile average was 4000kN, the maximum range is 0, not ten average value 30%, the characteristics of single pile bearing capacity value (standard) 4000=2.0=2000kN, meet the design requirements.
　　2.3 低应变动力检测。根据《建筑桩基检测技术规范》规定，低应变方法适用于检测混凝土桩的桩身完整性，判断桩身缺陷的程度及位置，并要求根据桩身完整性检测结果，给出每根桩的桩身完整性类别。本次工程实践中共对工程桩中的30根桩进行了低应变动力测试。检测仪器由采用FDP204PDA型动测分析系统，加速度传感器，力棒组成。检测方法是：在桩顶放置一只加速度传感器，接受锤击过程中产生的加速度信号，通过FDP204PDA型桩基动测系统放大和A/D转换，变成数字信号传给微机，信号经计算机处理后，在屏幕显示实测波形，每根桩布采集点一个，每点采集5～6锤信号。将存储在磁盘上的测试信号在时域内进行处理，根据应力波反射等价地将实测速度信号通过时域由频域辅助，分析不同部位的反射信号，据此分析每根桩的桩身完整性。检测结果：其中：I类桩28根，满足设计要求；II类桩2根，满足设计要求。
2.3 low strain dynamic test. According to "technical specifications" detection of building pile, low strain method is suitable for pile integrity testing of concrete pile, judging the severity and location of pile defects, and according to the requirements of pile integrity test result, the pile integrity categories give each pile. The engineering practice on the pile of 30 piles were of low strain dynamic test. Detecting instrument by using FDP204PDA dynamic measurement and analysis system, the acceleration sensor, force rod. The detection method is: at the top of the pile is placed a acceleration sensor, acceleration signal generated in the process of accepting the hammer, pile dynamic testing system by FDP204PDA amplification and A/D conversion, into a digital signal is sent to the microcomputer, signals are processed by the computer, the screen shows the measured waveform, each pile fabric collection points a, each data of 5 ~ 6 hammer signal. The test signal is stored on disk in time for processing, according to the stress wave reflection equivalent to the actual speed signal assisted by frequency domain by time domain analysis, reflection of different parts of the signal, the pile integrity of each pile analysis. Results: among them: I pile 28, meet the design requirements; II pile 2, meet the design requirements.
　　2.4 高应变动力检测。本次工程中共对工程桩中的10根桩进行了高应变动力测试。检测仪器采用FEI-C3型动测分析系统，该系统由486/40微机，12位A/D转换器，加速度传感器，力传感器、重锤组成。
2.4 high strain dynamic testing. The project on the pile of 10 piles of high strain dynamic testing. Detection instrument using FEI-C3 dynamic measurement and analysis system, the system consists of 486/40 computer, the 12 bit A/D converter, acceleration sensor, force sensor, composed of hammer.
　　通过对成孔质量的监测、对桩体高应变以及低应变的动力检测、对静载的实验进行检测等技术的使用，在建筑工程中的桩基质量的检测和控制中发挥了重要作用。通过对桩身在完整性的俩接以及混凝土质量的监测，初步对桩身的支撑力强弱进行判断，评价桩基的质量，对工程质量进行确保。
By monitoring, the hole quality of pile high strain and low strain dynamic detection, detection techniques of static load experiment, play an important role in the detection and control of the quality of pile foundation in building engineering. Based on the pile integrity in two and monitoring the quality of concrete pile, initially to support the strength of judgment, evaluation of quality of pile foundation, to ensure the engineering quality.
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