投资学第7版Test-Bank答案完整可编辑.doc

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The term structure of interest rates is:
A) The relationship between the rates of interest on all securities.
B) The relationship between the interest rate on a security and its time to maturity.
C) The relationship between the yield on a bond and its default rate.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Answer: B Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The term structure of interest rates is the relationship between two variables, years and yield to maturity (holding all else constant).

2. The yield curve shows at any point in time:
A) The relationship between the yield on a bond and the duration of the bond.
B) The relationship between the coupon rate on a bond and time to maturity of the bond.
C) The relationship between yield on a bond and the time to maturity on the bond.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Answer: C Difficulty: Easy

3. An inverted yield curve implies that:
A) Long-term interest rates are lower than short-term interest rates.
B) Long-term interest rates are higher than short-term interest rates.
C) Long-term interest rates are the same as short-term interest rates.
D) Intermediate term interest rates are higher than either short- or long-term interest rates.
E) none of the above.

Answer: A Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The inverted, or downward sloping, yield curve is one in which short-term rates are higher than long-term rates. The inverted yield curve has been observed frequently, although not as frequently as the upward sloping, or normal, yield curve.

4. An upward sloping yield curve is a(n) _______ yield curve.
A) normal.
B) humped.
C) inverted.
D) flat.
E) none of the above.

Answer: A Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The upward sloping yield curve is referred to as the normal yield curve, probably because, historically, the upward sloping yield curve is the shape that has been observed most frequently.

5. According to the expectations hypothesis, a normal yield curve implies that
A) interest rates are expected to remain stable in the future.
B) interest rates are expected to decline in the future.
C) interest rates are expected to increase in the future.
D) interest rates are expected to decline first, then increase.
E) interest rates are expected to increase first, then decrease.

Answer: C Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: An upward sloping yield curve is based on the expectation that short-term interest rates will increase.

6. Which of the following is not proposed as an explanation for the term structure of interest rates?
A) The expectations theory.
B) The liquidity preference theory.
C) The market segmentation theory.
D) Modern portfolio theory.
E) A, B, and C.

Answer: D Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: A, B, and C are all theories that have been proposed to explain the term structure.

7. The expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates states that
A) forward rates are determined by investors' expectations of future interest rates.
B) forward rates exceed the expected future interest rates.
C) yields on long- and short-maturity bonds are determined by the supply and demand for the securities.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Answer: A Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The forward rate equals the market consensus expectation of future short interest rates.

8. Which of the following theories state that the shape of the yield curve is essentially determined by the supply and demands for long-and short-maturity bonds?
A) Liquidity preference theory.
B) Expectations theory.
C) Market segmentation theory.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Answer: C Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: Market segmentation theory states that the markets for different maturities are separate markets, and that interest rates at the different maturities are determined by the intersection of the respective supply and demand curves.

9. According to the "liquidity preference" theory of the term structure of interest rates, the yield curve usually should be:
A) inverted.
B) normal.
C) upward sloping
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Answer: E Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: According to the liquidity preference theory, investors would prefer to be liquid rather than illiquid. In order to accept a more illiquid investment, investors require a liquidity premium and the normal, or upward sloping, yield curve results.

Use the following to answer questions 10-13:

Suppose that all investors expect that interest rates for the 4 years will be as follows:

10. What is the price of 3-year zero coupon bond with a par value of $1,000?
A) $863.83
B) $816.58
C) $772.18
D) $765.55
E) none of the above

Answer: B Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: $1,000 / (1.05)(1.07)(1.09) = $816.58

11. If you have just purchased a 4-year zero coupon bond, what would be the expected rate of return on your investment in the first year if the implied forward rates stay the same? (Par value of the bond = $1,000)
A) 5%
B) 7%
C) 9%
D) 10%
E) none of the above

Answer: A Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: The forward interest rate given for the first year of the investment is given as 5% (see table above).

12. What is the price of a 2-year maturity bond with a 10% coupon rate paid annually? (Par value = $1,000)
A) $1,092
B) $1,054
C) $1,000
D) $1,073
E) none of the above

Answer: D Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: [(1.05)(1.07)]1/2 - 1 = 6%; FV = 1000, n = 2, PMT = 100, i = 6, PV = $1,073.34

13. What is the yield to maturity of a 3-year zero coupon bond?
A) 7.00%
B) 9.00%
C) 6.99%
D) 7.49%
E) none of the above

Answer: C Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: [(1.05)(1.07)(1.09)]1/3 - 1 = 6.99.

Use the following to answer questions 14-16:

The following is a list of prices for zero coupon bonds with different maturities and par value of $1,000.

14. What is, according to the expectations theory, the expected forward rate in the third year?
A) 7.00%
B) 7.33%
C) 9.00%
D) 11.19%
E) none of the above

Answer: C Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: 881.68 / 808.88 - 1 = 9%

15. What is the yield to maturity on a 3-year zero coupon bond?
A) 6.37%
B) 9.00%
C) 7.33%
D) 10.00%
E) none of the above

Answer: C Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: (1000 / 808.81)1/3 -1 = 7.33%

16. What is the price of a 4-year maturity bond with a 12% coupon rate paid annually? (Par value = $1,000)
A) $742.09
B) $1,222.09
C) $1,000.00
D) $1,141.92
E) none of the above

Answer: D Difficulty: Difficult
Rationale: (1000 / 742.09)1/4 -1 = 7.74%; FV = 1000, PMT = 120, n = 4, i = 7.74, PV = $1,141.92

17. The market segmentation theory of the term structure of interest rates
A) theoretically can explain all shapes of yield curves.
B) definitely holds in the "real world".
C) assumes that markets for different maturities are separate markets.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Answer: E Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: Although this theory is quite tidy theoretically, both investors and borrows will depart from their "preferred maturity habitats" if yields on alternative maturities are attractive enough.

18. An upward sloping yield curve
A) may be an indication that interest rates are expected to increase.
B) may incorporate a liquidity premium.
C) may reflect the confounding of the liquidity premium with interest rate expectations.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Answer: D Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: One of the problems of the most commonly used explanation of term structure, the expectations hypothesis, is that it is difficult to separate out the liquidity premium from interest rate expectations.

19. The "break-even" interest rate for year n that equates the return on an n-period zero-coupon bond to that of an n-1-period zero-coupon bond rolled over into a one-year bond in year n is defined as
A) the forward rate.
B) the short rate.
C) the yield to maturity.
D) the discount rate.
E) None of the above.

Answer: A Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The forward rate for year n, fn, is the "break-even" interest rate for year n that equates the return on an n-period zero- coupon bond to that of an n-1-period zero-coupon bond rolled over into a one-year bond in year n.

20. When computing yield to maturity, the implicit reinvestment assumption is that the interest payments are reinvested at the:
A) Coupon rate.
B) Current yield.
C) Yield to maturity at the time of the investment.
D) Prevailing yield to maturity at the time interest payments are received.
E) The average yield to maturity throughout the investment period.

Answer: C Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: In order to earn the yield to maturity quoted at the time of the investment, coupons must be reinvested at that rate.

21. Which one of the following statements is true?
A) The expectations hypothesis indicates a flat yield curve if anticipated future short-term rates exceed the current short-term rate.
B) The basic conclusion of the expectations hypothesis is that the long-term rate is equal to the anticipated long-term rate.
C) The liquidity preference hypothesis indicates that, all other things being equal, longer maturities will have lower yields.
D) The segmentation hypothesis contends that borrows and lenders are constrained to particular segments of the yield curve.
E) None of the above.

Answer: D Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: A flat yield curve indicates expectations of existing rates. Expectations hypothesis states that the forward rate equals the market consensus of expectations of future short interest rates. The reverse of C is true.

22. The concepts of spot and forward rates are most closely associated with which one of the following explanations of the term structure of interest rates.
A) Segmented Market theory
B) Expectations Hypothesis
C) Preferred Habitat Hypothesis
D) Liquidity Premium theory
E) None of the above

Answer: B Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: Only the expectations hypothesis is based on spot and forward rates. A and C assume separate markets for different maturities; liquidity premium assumes higher yields for longer maturities.

Use the following to answer question 23:

23. Given the bond described above, if interest were paid semi-annually (rather than annually), and the bond continued to be priced at $850, the resulting effective annual yield to maturity would be:
A) Less than 12%
B) More than 12%
C) 12%
D) Cannot be determined
E) None of the above

Answer: B Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: FV = 1000, PV = -850, PMT = 50, n = 40, i = 5.9964 (semi-annual); (1.059964)2 - 1 = 12.35%.

24. Interest rates might decline
A) because real interest rates are expected to decline.
B) because the inflation rate is expected to decline.
C) because nominal interest rates are expected to increase.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Answer: D Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The nominal rate is comprised of the real interest rate plus the expected inflation rate.

25. Forward rates ____________ future short rates because ____________.
A) are equal to; they are both extracted from yields to maturity.
B) are equal to; they are perfect forecasts.
C) differ from; they are imperfect forecasts.
D) differ from; forward rates are estimated from dealer quotes while future short rates are extracted from yields to maturity.
E) are equal to; although they are estimated from different sources they both are used by traders to make purchase decisions.

Answer: C Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: Forward rates are the estimates of future short rates extracted from yields to maturity but they are not perfect forecasts because the future cannot be predicted with certainty; therefore they will usually differ.

26. The pure yield curve can be estimated
A) by using zero-coupon bonds.
B) by using coupon bonds if each coupon is treated as a separate "zero."
C) by using corporate bonds with different risk ratings.
D) by estimating liquidity premiums for different maturities.
E) A and B.

Answer: E Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: The pure yield curve is calculated using zero coupon bonds, but coupon bonds may be used if each coupon is treated as a separate "zero."

27. The on the run yield curve is
A) a plot of yield as a function of maturity for zero-coupon bonds.
B) a plot of yield as a function of maturity for recently issued coupon bonds trading at or near par.
C) a plot of yield as a function of maturity for corporate bonds with different risk ratings.
D) a plot of liquidity premiums for different maturities.
E) A and B.

Answer: B Difficulty: Moderate

28. The market segmentation and preferred habitat theories of term structure
A) are identical.
B) vary in that market segmentation is rarely accepted today.
C) vary in that market segmentation maintains that borrowers and lenders will not depart from their preferred maturities and preferred habitat maintains that market participants will depart from preferred maturities if yields on other maturities are attractive enough.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Answer: E Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: Borrowers and lenders will depart from their preferred maturity habitats if yields are attractive enough; thus, the market segmentation hypothesis is no longer readily accepted.

29. The yield curve
A) is a graphical depiction of term structure of interest rates.
B) is usually depicted for U. S. Treasuries in order to hold risk constant across maturities and yields.
C) is usually depicted for corporate bonds of different ratings.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Answer: D Difficulty: Easy
Rationale: The yield curve (yields vs. maturities, all else equal) is depicted for U. S. Treasuries more frequently than for corporate bonds, as the risk is constant across maturities for Treasuries.

Use the following to answer questions 30-32:

30. What should the purchase price of a 2-year zero coupon bond be if it is purchased at the beginning of year 2 and has face value of $1,000?
A) $877.54
B) $888.33
C) $883.32
D) $893.36
E) $871.80

Answer: A Difficulty: Difficult
Rationale: $1,000 / [(1.064)(1.071)] = $877.54

31. What would the yield to maturity be on a four-year zero coupon bond purchased today?
A) 5.80%
B) 7.30%
C) 6.65%
D) 7.25%
E) none of the above.

Answer: C Difficulty: Moderate
Rationale: [(1.058) (1.0