完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图.doc

第四章 虚拟语气

（一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）

表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

主语+would(should could might)+动词原型

表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.
主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词

表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型

错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气

有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。
She would have died without my help.。

条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it.
去if：Were she younger, she would do it.

2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him

3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.

2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。

He spoke as if he had known about it.

3． 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形
He acts as if he could win in the game .

注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
例：He looks as if he going to be ill.

2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。

虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思

谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.

“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型

例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.
2.The game will be put off in case it snows.
（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.

对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish (that) I would\could go.

在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.

常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order
注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

The smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.
Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
I would rather you told me the truth.

用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.

注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……中用动词原型
I would rather do it by myself.
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.

主语从句中的虚拟语气

“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.

常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。
注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例：I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).

在“It is (was)+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.

这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

二．表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气

某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。

My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.

在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.

这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。

在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
It is high time that you went / should go to school.
注意：在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.

二． 选择题
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible
---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news
---I would as soon you _____her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness
----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again
A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules
A. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey
36. I wish I ____here then
A. was B. had been C. were D. would be
37. It is strange that he ____back so early
A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come
38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV
A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday
A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put
40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there
A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning
A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing
44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse
A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try
45. ----How could I thank you enough?
----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it
A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done
46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed
47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths
A. it would have been B. it would be
C. there would be D. there would have been
48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered
C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered
49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished
50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late
A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been
51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then
A. come B. came C. would come D. will come
52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting
A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
53. I hope that you ____ right
A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be
54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you
A. am B. have been C. should be D. would be
55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning
A. start B. started C. would start D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came
57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead
A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied
58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week
A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb
C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb

答案
1-10 C B D B C C C B A A
11-20 D A B A C D B C D A
21-30 D C C B A C B B A B
31-40 D C C A B B D B A A
41-50 C D C B C D D B C D
51-58 B B A A AC D C