(陈琦)美国图书馆的管理与运营ppt.ppt

LIBRARYMANAGEMENTANDOPERATIONALMECHANISMS美国图书馆的管理与运营QiChen120112011 5-65-6护栏板 http:/Outline提纲ThebasisofAmericanpubliclibraries图书馆的基础Americanpubliclibrariessystem美国公共图书馆系统Librarymanagementandpersonnel图书馆管理和人员Libraryfunding图书馆资金来源Theroleoflibraryassociations图书馆协会的作用AmericanLibraryAssociation美国图书馆Stateandregionallibraryassociation洲和地区图书馆协会2AmericanLibraries美国图书馆AcademicLibraries(highereducationalinstitutions)高校图书馆PublicLibraries公共图书馆SchoolLibraries(Kindergartenthroughgrade12)学校图书馆（幼儿园至12年级）SpecialLibraries(Dept.librariesinhighereducationalinstitutions:medical,theological,scientific,law)专业图书馆（有一些在高等院校设立，如医学，神学，科学，法律图书馆）3OrganizationalBasisofAmericanPublicLibrary美国图书馆的组织基础Publiclibraryisbasedontheneedsofthecommunity基于社区的需要Morepubliclibrariesareavailableinlargemetropolitanareas大都市有更多得图书馆Schooldistricts学区Countyorstateregions,orcities洲,县,市所在地4LegalBasisofPublicLibrary美国图书馆的法律基础LibraryLawandlegislationofUS图书馆法和美国法律Constitutionalfromthepeople宪法-来源于人们Statutoryenactedbylegislativebodycongress法定的-如制定立法机构-国会等Administrativelegislatures,countycommissions,citycouncils.行政议会，县委员会，市议会5PublicLibraryManagement美国公共图书馆的管理Stategranttherighttocity,village,ordistricttoestablishalibrary州政府通过各种法律所建立的一个公共图书馆为本社区,城区,或本地区的居民提供服务Tolevytaxes&determinethestructureandpowersofthelibraryboard州政府通过征税和确定和图书馆委员会的结构和权力6图书馆在伊利诺宜州地产税中图书馆在伊利诺宜州地产税中(举例）举例）Illinois Compiled Statutes Ch.75:Libraries(Example)图书馆表明政府是如何使用房地产税的，与每个方面直接挂钩。居民据此可向当地政府表示是否同意。一个芝加哥居民房地产税2006年帐单中的一部分A Report in a Chicago Resident Property Tax Statement PurposeofaPubliclibraryPurpose建立公共图书馆Theeconomicgapbetween“haves“and“havenots”缩小有无产者间的差距Increasediversityandgrowthofthepopulations提高人口和人员多元化Qualityofeducationandliteracy人口文化程度Technologybenefitsandchallenges享受技术迎接挑战Partnershipandcollaboration与各界合作Stayingrelevantprovidingservicesandprogramsresponsivetothecommunityandhavingthecommunityawareofthem紧跟形势,提供服务和方案回应社区,使社区对他们有所了解Makesuretheresidentsgainallkindsofnecessaryinformationtheyneed.确保居民获得各种社区信息8EquityofAccess平等使用图书馆资源和享受图书馆服务的机会Gatewaytoknowledge知识之门Lifelonglearning 提供终身学习的资源Intellectualfreedom提供追求知识的自由Communityandinformationcenter，meetingtheneedsoflocalcommunities社区和信息中心Qualityoflife提高个人及社区的生活质量EstablishingaPublicLibrary公共图书馆PublicLibraryServices公共图书馆服务公共图书馆八种功能:Community activities Ctr 社区活动中心、Community information Ctr.社区资讯中心、Formal education support Ctr 正规教育支持中心、Independent Learning Ctr 独立自学中心、Popular materials library 通俗资料图书馆、Preschoolers door to learning 学龄前儿童学习入门、Reference Library 参考图书馆、Research Ctr.研究中心10PublicLibrarySystem美国公共图书馆管理系统Hierarchysystem等级管理系统Theremaybeonepubliclibraryinacommunityortheremaybeapubliclibrarysystem.Apubliclibrarysystemadministers该系统一个图书馆，可以包括：centrallibrary,中心图书馆Branchlibrary,分馆bookmobile,流动图书馆books-by-mailservice图书邮寄服务11PublicLibrary美国公共图书馆A public library should have:一个公共图书馆应有:anorganizedcollection组织有序的馆藏;paidstaff;有正式工作人员anestablishedscheduleinwhichservicesofthestaffareavailabletothepublic;有正常的业务时间,并有工作人员接待读者thefacilitiesnecessarytosupportsuchacollection,staff,andschedule,有支持馆藏,工作人员,以及开馆时间所需要的各种设施issupportedinwholeorinpartwithpublicfunds.有部分或全部来自公共资金的支持(IMLS data,2008)12PublicLibrary美国公共图书馆Thereareatotalof9,208publiclibraries共有9,208个公共图书馆,Thereare819mobilelibrariesserving97%ofthepopulation有819个流动图书馆,为各州的97%的人口提供图书馆服务12%ofthelibrarieslocateinapopulationofmorethan50,000upto73%ofthetotalpopulation12%的公共图书馆为73%的人口服务,人口都在50,000以上53%ofthelibraryresideincityorschooldistricts53%以上的公共图书馆直属市区管辖51%ofthelibrariesopenmorethan40hours51%的图书馆每周开馆时间在40小时以上140,000Librarystaff有图书馆工作人员140,00013PublicLibrary美国公共图书馆Averagetotalstaffper25,000population12.18每25,000人,有图书馆工作人员Highest最高21.66Ohio,lowest最低:Arkansas7.55,Averagelibrariansper25,000population4.06图书馆员highest最高8.39NewHampshire,lowest最低2.00N.CarolinaAverageALAMLSlibrariansper25,000population2.75专业馆员Highest最高5.25Connecticut,lowest最低.84ArkansasAverageotherstaffper25,000population8.13一般工作人员,Highest最高15.59Ohio,lowest最低4.29Montana14PublicLibraryManagement美国公共图书馆的管理结构Librarymanagementsystem图书馆管理结构LibraryBoardoftrustees董事会LibraryDirector馆长librariansandstaff馆员及一般工作人员Mission图书馆使命Policy政策15Administration-LibraryBoardoftrustees行政管理-公共图书馆董事会Libraryboard-Aboardofcitizens(supportedbynationalandstatelevelassn)图书馆董事会Responsibilities责任Analysisofcommunityneeds分析社区需要Hiringrecommendingthedirector挑选推荐馆长Actinginanadvocacyroletodevelopcommunitysupportforbondissuesandtaxation作为地区为图书馆呼吁支持人Budgetreviewandapproval审批预算Policyreviewandapproval审批政策Commitmenttofreedomofinquiryandexpression确保自由知寻和表达Formulationoflong-rangeplanning制做长期计划16Library Director 图书馆馆长图书馆馆长Workscloselywiththelibraryboard图书馆馆长与董事会紧密合作realizethepubliclibrarymission实现公共图书馆的使命developlongrangeplans发展长期规划implementpoliciesforthelibrarysoperations并执行图书馆的业务的各项政策strengthentherelationshipbetweenthecommunityandthelibraryanditsstaff加强社区和工作人员之间的联系。*McCook(2004).Introduction to Public Librarianship,p.141Library Director Responsibilities 图书馆馆长责任图书馆馆长责任,知识技能知识技能Fromleadingtoorganizing主导规划组织Liaisonandrepresentative代言人Managingandplanningetc.规划，设计Technical,Customerservice,Problem-solvingabilityskillsSelf-renewal,Risk-takingabletorecommendpolicies,ie,usenewtechnology,evaluatenewinfo.技术,客户服务解决问题,承担风险,自我更新Peoplesskills,vision,marketing,communicationandcollaboration人事技巧,营销能力,沟通交流能力,协作技能18PublicLibraryStaffandServices公共图书馆员工和服务LibrarianswithMLISfromALAaccreditedschools由美图书协会认可的研究院毕业Othersupportingstaff一般人员Libraryservices:服务Publicservice:公共服务References参考咨询Interlibraryloan馆际互借Youthservices青少年读者服务Adultservices成人读者服务19Youth Service at a Public Library公共图书馆公共图书馆青少年读者服务Developandencouragechildrensreadinghabit从小培养和加强儿童的阅读习惯;Support independent and formal teaching个人自学以及各级正规教育;Provide opportunities for creativities 为个人发展创造力提供机会;Stimulate youths imagination 激发儿童和青年的想象力Improve awareness and appreciation of cultural differences,art,science,invention and creation 提高对文化，对艺术的鉴赏力以及对科学成就和创造发明的了解Provide path to understand cultural difference,art,science,invention and creation 提供了解各种表演艺术,文化的途径;20YouthServices-ProfessionalAssociations青少年读者服务专业协会qNationalOrganizationsServingChildrenandYouth为儿童和青少年提供服务的全国性机构qAmericanAssociationofSchoolLibrarians(AASL)学校图书馆员协会qAssociationforEducationalCommunicationsandTechnology(AECT)教育交流与技术协会 qAssociationforLibraryServicestoChildren(ALSC)儿童图书馆服务协会改进和扩大针对儿童（学龄前儿童到八年级）的图书馆服务qYoungAdultLibraryServicesAssociation(YALSA)青年图书馆服务协会-宣传，促进，和加强针对青年人的服务并支助为这一群组提供服务的工作人员21YouthServices青少年读者服务Youth education services-儿童和青少年服务 教育Parentseducation-goodrelationshipamongthefamilyandbetweenchildren家长教育，发展与儿童和家庭的良好关系，Satisfy the literature needs of the community 满足社区成员的阅读需求Basic Literacy services 基础扫盲服务Informationliteracy信息教育FormalLearningSupport辅助正规教育22YouthServices青少年读者服务Librarians competencies 图书馆员资格TheCompetenciesofChildrensLibrarian儿童图书馆员的资格-证书Knowledgeofthereaders了解服务对象Administrative&managerialskills行政和管理技能Communicationskills交流技能Advocacy,publicrelations&networking宣传，公关和建立合作网络的能力Professionalism&professionaldevelopment专业精神和专业发展能力AdultServices成人读者服务Scope:服务范围Finding materials 选择图书馆的藏书Library resources access 提供使用资源的途径Teaching,reading and consulting 教学,读者咨询顾问和指导Reference and information 参考和信息服务Marketing&community reader services 鼓励个人和社区团体使用图书馆资源24AdultServices成人读者服务Generalpubliceveryindividual为所有普通人服务Peoplefromdifferentculturesandethnicgroups,出身于不同文化或不同种族的人Peoplewithdisabilities身体有残障的人(盲人,只具部分视力的人,有听力障碍的人)Homebound/houseboundpeople不能离开住房的人,Institutionallyconfinedpeople-被隔离的人(医院,或监狱等)AdultServices成人读者服务Service for institutions 服务于所有团体Educational institutions 教育团体Cultural groups 文化团体Public services公益团体Business organizations 商业团体And all types of regional or local government entities 各类团体的上一级机关,如地方政府等SourcesofLibraryFunding图书馆资金来源图书馆资金来源Localtaxdollars(primary)taxation地方税元（主要）税收Stategrants,percapitasupportmaterialgrantslumpsumgrants洲政府-人均补助助或一次性补助金Federallibraryagencies-informationaccessthroughtechnologyandprovisionofinformationaccessthroughempowerment联邦政府-通过图书馆组织项目-通过提供技术信息和信息接入服务来提高能力FoundationpublicandprivatetheGatesprogram,communityfoundations基金会公共私人Individuals个人捐款27Source of Library Fund 美国公共图书馆资金来源美国公共图书馆资金来源Operatingrevenue运营资金(蓝色表示地方来源，红色表示州来源，紫色表示联邦来源，绿色表示其它）28SeekingandAdvocatingwithlocalofficials寻求当地官方的支持Presentingbenefitstolocalgovernment向当地政府陈述支持图书馆的利益Supportingtheworkoflocalgovernment支持当地政府的工作Understandinglocalpriorities了解当地政府施政的重点Establishingarelationship与当地政府建立良好关系BeingclearandtothepointNotusinglibraryterms要清晰，明确，扼要避免使用图书馆术语29/Seeking funds-Fund Raising 向个人和商界筹措资金Identify those who have interests in libraries asking them to donate确认对图书馆有兴趣的个人和商界团体,对他们施以开导，恳请捐款和沟通Develop long time strategies有长期发展策略Use mail,email,phone or in-person communication 利用信件邮递，电话沟通，或访谈来恳请捐款Develop collective efforts through the library and library staff 由图书馆基金会或单位领导全图书馆共同努力30Budget and Operating Expenditures美国公共图书馆美国公共图书馆运营支出Operatingexpenditures运营支出(蓝色部分表示职工薪水，红色表示馆藏，绿色表示其它)31Librariesandpoliticalprocess图书馆与政治结构Existwithinanestedandoverlappingstructure存在于各阶层的政治重叠的结构中Local,regional,stateandnationalpoliticalentities当地,地区,洲及全国政治组织Eachlevel,mustworkhardtoeducatepolicymakersaboutthefiscalandlegalneedsoflibraries图书馆人员必须让每个政界知道图书馆的财经与政治需要.ALApublicawarenessadvisorycommittee-advocacy,workshopandprograms美国图书馆提供为图书馆呼吁的各类活动.NationallegislativedayinMaytotalkwithrepresentativesandsenatorslibraryissues每年5月的全国立法日是大家与参众议员淡图书馆的事宜.32ThebuildingwasdesignedbythearchitecturalfirmofHammond,BeebyandBabka,nowknownasHammondBeebyRupertAinge,Inc.,winnersofadesigncompetitionheldin1987toreplacetheoldcentrallibrary,Itisapproximately756,640squarefeet(70,294m2).133Population-服务人口:2,896,016Library Branches-图书馆图书馆 79Collection-藏书量5,521,854 册Visits-访问图书馆人次2,860,862Circulation-图书借阅次数1,506,293PC usage-计算机使用次数2,600,000 Children programs:儿童活动参加人次262,208 WhereinUSisChicago?34芝加哥公共图书馆中国城分馆FateofmostpubliclibrariesinU.S.isentirelyalocalmatter大部分公共图书馆的命运掌握当政府和居民ChicagoPublicLibraryMayorRichardM.DaleyjoinedChicagoPublicLibraryofficialsforthe17thAnnualBookamaniaevent36芝加哥市长与公共图书馆官员参加第17届年度Bookamania在图书馆与读者交谈图书馆挑战TwomajorchallengesStaffmanagementencouragingthemsothattheyareabletodotheirbest.人员管理，激发工作积极性Budgetmanagementsotousefinancialresourcestothebestadvantageofthelibrary.财政管理，使财政资源发挥最大优势用于图书馆37Agoodorganizationhasputsatitsheartqualifiedstaff&itispaidcompetitivesalarieswithgoodbenefits以称职的员工为中心，并支付合理的工资Threeprocessesformanagingpeople人员管理的三个核心程序Recruitment,hiring,retention招聘，雇佣，留住人才Evaluationofemployees工作绩效评估Discipliningofemployees工作纪律38PersonnelManagement人员管理PersonnelManagement人员管理Hiring招聘人事处Jobannouncementadvertised发布招聘广告Applicationsreviewedbysearchcommittee招聘委员会对工作申请人的评审Selectapplicantsforinterviews选择人进行面试Successfulcandidatechosen录取最合适人选Jobdescription岗位职责描述jobanalysisandneedsoflibrary基于这个工作岗位的分析和图书馆本身的需要Qualifications应具备的条件Otherinformation：benefits,salary，descriptionofthelibrary信息包括福利，工资或者浮动,范围；对图书馆的介绍等39招聘广告招聘广告二二参考咨询图书馆员参考咨询图书馆员 Reference and Instruction LibrarianInstitution:Ashland University Posted:January 14,2010 Location:Ohio Position Description:Non-Tenure Track Website:http:/www.ashland.edu Ashland University Library seeks an experienced librarian to provide reference and instruction services as part of a three-member reference and instruction team.The position,available April 1,is a 12-month,full-time,non-tenured faculty position that is renewed annually.The successful candidate will teach research and information literacy skills to undergraduate and graduate students on Ashlands main campus and at regional sites.Primary responsibilities will include reference service,course-integrated instruction and collection development.The selected candidate will serve as library liaison to several academic departments,working to develop the collection to support the curriculum of assigned departments and to facilitate faculty awareness of library resources and services.Ashland University librarians are non-tenured faculty members who participate in faculty governance and contribute to service activities of the Library and the University.Requirements include a Masters Degree in Library Science from an ALA accredited institution;demonstrated commitment to student-centered teaching and library outreach;excellent oral and written communication skills;strong public service ethic;a willingness to learn new library and teaching technologies;the flexibility to work evenings and weekends and to travel to off-campus university centers;and the ability to work collaboratively in a team environment.Experience with library instruction,familiarity with concepts of information literacy and pedagogy;web design and Library 2.0 skills,and the ability to plan and implement programs is desired.A subject-area masters degree is a plus.Preference will be given to candidates with three or more years of experience as a reference and instruction librarian.Salary is competitive and commensurate with experience.Review of applications will begin Feb.1 and will continue until position is filled.Please mail or email resume and names and contact information of three references to Ed Krakora,director of the Library,at ekrakoraashland.edu or Ed Krakora,Reference and Instruction Librarian Search,Ashland University,Ashland,Ohio 44805.Submission of portfolios with application is encouraged.Ashland University meets fully its obligation of nondiscrimination under federal and state law and is actively committed to diversity in its workplace.招聘广告招聘广告一一哥伦比亚大学东亚图书馆馆长哥伦比亚大学东亚图书馆馆长Director,C.V.Starr East Asian LibraryDirector,C.V.Starr East Asian LibrarySearch Re-openedSearch Re-openedThe Columbia University Libraries invite nominations and applications for the position of Director of the C.V.Starr East Asian Library.The Columbia University Libraries invite nominations and applications for the position of Director of the C.V.Starr East Asian Library.For more information about library collections and services,see For more information about library collections and services,see http:/www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/eastasianhttp:/www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/eastasian.The C.V.Starr East The C.V.Starr East Asian Library is one of the major collections for the study of East Asia in the United States with approximately 840,000 volumes of Asian Library is one of the major collections for the study of East Asia in the United States with approximately 840,000 volumes of Chinese,Japanese,Korean,Tibetan,and Western language materials and over 7,200 periodical titles.The Director guides collection Chinese,Japanese,Korean,Tibetan,and Western language materials and over 7,200 periodical titles.The Director guides collection development,oversees technical and user services operations,and works closely with faculty and students to help shape the East Asian development,oversees technical and user services operations,and works closely with faculty and students to help shape the East Asian scholarly enterprise at Columbia.scholarly enterprise at Columbia.In collaboration with instructional technology,preservation,and digital library program units,the In collaboration with instructional technology,preservation,and digital library program units,the Director expands access to and preservation of the librarys many unique materials in