定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习教学提纲.doc
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1、精品文档定语从句 一(关系代词的用法)一. 定语从句概念1. 定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系_ : 有_, _ , _, _, _, _等;关系_ : 有_, _, _等。关系词常有3个作用: 引导定语从句。 代替先行词。 在定语从句中充当一个成分。注意:根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补
2、充说明删除后意思仍完整译法翻译成先行词的定语,“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句举例:(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例:(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and
3、 more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)二.引导定语从句的关系代词1. who指_,在从句中充当_(1) The boys who are playing foot
4、ball are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.2. whom指_,在定语从句中充当_,常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用wh
5、o代替,可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指_,在定语从句中做_或者_,做_时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时,相当于_或者_;指物时,相当于_。在定语从句中做_或者_,做_时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each
6、 year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做_(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom, the do
7、or of which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.【详细讲解】. 关系代词that和which的用法(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
8、(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高
9、级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only, just修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shi
10、rt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二) 当先行词指事/物时, 定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只用which(1) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the others envy him.(2) He always stays at home at we
11、ekend, which his brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for. (三) 关系代词who, whom和whose的用法1. 先行词指人,在从句中作主语时,用who;(1) She is the girl who/that lives nex
12、t door.2. 当先行词为those时,用who;(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.3. 在There be句型中主语作为先行词指人时,用who;(3) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4. 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语时,可以用whom和who;(4) Thats the girl whom/who/that I teach.5. 在定语从句中做定语时,用whose。(5) This is the scie
13、ntist whose achievements are well known.(6) This is the house whose window broke last night. 关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(一) 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:1. such + 名词 + as 像一样的,像之类的 the same + 名词 + as 和同样的 其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(1) We have found such materials as are used in
14、their factory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago. 注意:suchas引导的定语从句与suchthat引导的状语从句的区别:(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.2. such as such为代词,意为“这样的人或物”;as在从句
15、中作成分,修饰先行词such。(1) This book is not such as I expect.(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句的区别as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:1as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;as有“正如,正像”的意思which引导的非限制性定语从
16、句只能放在主句之后。意为“这一点”。(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which;(5) Tom was always late for sc
17、hool, which made his teacher angry. 当非限制性定语从句的宾语是一个复合结构时,只能用which。(6) Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意:当先行次由the
18、 same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。专项练习 1用that, which, who, whom, whose, as填空1. Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem?2. All
19、 the presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.3. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.4. He was late for the opening ceremony, _ was very surprising to me.5. Those _ cut down the trees should be punished.6. This is so interesting a book _ we all li
20、ke.7. He gave me some novels with _ I am not very familiar.8. There are many children _ are playing toys on the playground.9. He is no longer the one _ he used to be.10. The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.11. Jack has won the first prize, _ often happens.12. The worst matter _
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