八年级下册unit8单元知识点总结.doc

八年级下册unit8单元知识点总结
Unit 8 知识点总结 Section A
1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？
【解析】现在完成时
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时的主要用法
1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.
I have finished my homework. I am free
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2. 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，
for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years.
我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
already/ yet的区别：
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet?
【2012成都】45. —Jack, let’s go to see the movie Harry Potter.
—Oh, I ______ it many times. So I don’t want to see it.
A. have seen B. see C. will see
【2012广】33. —Why don’t you go to the movie with me, Betty?
—Because I ______ it before.
A. saw B. have seen C. see
2.What’s it like? 它怎么样？
【解析】某物怎么样？ What’s +物+like? How+be + 物？
某人怎么样？What’s +人+like? 用来提问人的性格
What do / does +人 + look like?用来提问人的外表。
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】— What does Anna look like? — _________.
A. She’s kind B. She’s tall C. She likes skating
3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures. 《雾都孤儿》 讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。
【解析】full of 充满 be full of = be filled with 充满
【2013山东莱芜】If you read a lot, your life will be full ___ pleasure. A. by B. of C .for D. with
4. It’s about four sisters growing up. 它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。
【解析】grow up 长大；成长 I grew up in Beijing.
grow into 长大成为 Mary grew into a beautiful girl.
5. You should hurry up . 你得快点。
【解析】hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事）
(用在口语中，用来催促别人快走）
in a hurry匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做 hurry off 匆忙离开 I'm in a hurry. 我很赶。
6. The book report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后就要到期了。
【解析1】due adj. 预期；预定 , 通常只用作表语。
be due to do sth 预期做某事
You are due to hand in your composition on Friday afternoon.
【解析2】in two weeks “两周之后”，in意为“在......以后”，
“in+一段时间”用在一般将来时的句子中，意为“在......（时间）后”。
He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。
【注意】：after 常用在一般过去式的句子中。
He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个下时候到北京的。
7. When I first arrived on this island , I had nothing.
当我第一次到这个岛上的时候，我一无所有。
【解析】nothing 没有什么；没有东西
用法：（1）不定代词，意为“什么也没有，没有东西”。相当于not…anything.
There is nothing in the fridge. She has nothing to do .
(2) 当有修饰词来修饰nothing等不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面。
修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。
I want something to drink. I have nothing special to tell you.
（3）在英语中，不定代词有：
something anything everything
everyone everybody someone
anyone somebody anybody
no one nothing nobody
Would you like ___________ (吃的东西)？
【2013北京4】---Tom, supper is ready.
----I don't want to eat____________ ,Mum. I'm not feeling well.
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
【2013莱芜3】A smile costs ________, but gives so much.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D .everything
8. I’ve brought back many things I can use —　food and drink ,tools , knives and guns.
我带回许多我能用的东西 —— 食物、饮料、工具、刀和枪、
【解析】bring 带来 【辨析】fetch/ bring/ take
(1)fetch v 去拿来=get 去（某地） 拿来（讲话者处）
(2)bring (brought, brought) v 带来从（某地）拿到（讲话者处）
bring up 养育，养大
bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物
(3) take v 带来 从（讲话者）拿走 take →took → taken
【短语】 take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管
take hold of 握住 take off 脱下 take out 取出
take a look 看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动
take it easy 不紧张 take one’s time 从容不迫
( ) ①—Oh ,I’ve left my schoolbag in the classroom. — Don’t worry. I’ll ___it for you.
A. bring B. get C. carry D. take
( ) ② The teacher told the students ____ any food into the classroom .
A. not to bring B. not bring C. don’t bring D. to bring not
( )③ — Don’t forget ____ your history and politics books tomorrow morning.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing
【2013湖北荆州】— Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you ___ it for me? — No problem.
A. bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
【2013浙江】—I’ve left my keys in the meeting room. Please ___them for me. —All right.
A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetch
【2013黑龙江】－I’m sorry, Mr Li. I ______ my English homework at home.
－Don’t forget ____ it to school tomorrow.
A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take C. lost, to bring
9.Who else is on my island?是谁在我的岛上？
【解析】else 其他的；别的
【辨析】other /else (1)other adj.“别的；其他的” 修饰n. 放名词前作定语。
On the other hand “另一方面”
(2) else adj.“别的；其他的” 放疑问词或不定代词之后。
①. What _____ do you want to say?
②. What ______ thing do you want? A. other B. others C. else D. till
③. There is _______in his home.
A. other nothing B. nothing other C. else nothing D. nothing else
【2013娄底2】9. —What did you do last night? —I _________TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. have watched
10. I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship.
我看见一些食人族正试图杀死来自一艘破船上的两个人。
【解析】see sb. Doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
see sb. do sth 看见某人做了某事
【2012黔东南州】When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl ____ in it.
A. sing B. losing C. sang D. singing
11. How long have they been here? 他们来这里多久了。
【解析】have been (in) 待在某地
⑴have/has gone to“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，
　　—Where is Jim？———吉姆在哪里？
　　—He has gone to England．———他去英国了。（尚未回来）
⑵　have/has been to“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，
后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，
也可和 just，never，ever等连用。
　　My father has been to Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。
⑶　have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。
　　I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了
【2013江苏常州1】—Why are you worried?
—I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She  ______ New for three days.
A. has gone to   B. has been to   C. has been in    D. has come in
【2013湖北孝感1】 —I’d like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.
   —I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ____ there.
     A. have been                B. had been C. have gone        D. has gone
【2013天津2】 —Is Tom at home?     —No, he ______ to town.
     A. has been       B. has gone      C. goes        D. will go
12. One of them died but the other ran towards my house.
他们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。
【解析1】the other 另一个
词条
含义
用法
other
泛指其他的人、物
作形容词或代词，其后接名词的复数形式
the other
指两个人或物中的一个
通常用于固定短语one... The other ...中
others
泛指另外几个，其余的
是other的复数形式，在句中作主语、宾语
the others
其他东西；其余的人们
特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”
another
其他的；再一个；另一个
只能用于三个或更多的人或物
【2013孝感3】22. My family has two dogs. One is white, ________ is black.
A. other B. another C. the other D. others[来源:学科网]
【解析2】towards prep. 朝； 向；对着（移向某处，只表方向）
go/ walk towards ... “ 走向......” drive towards ... “ 向.....开去”
She was walking towards the town when I met her.
【2013湖北黄冈】In a basketball match, players move ________(朝向） one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other.
【辨析】 towards / to
towards
表示“向着某个方向”，没有“到达”之意
to
一般接在come, go, move 等动词之后，表示“向、往”，有 “到达”之意。
13. I named his Friday because that was the day I met him.
我给他起名叫“星期五”、 因为我是在（星期五）那天遇到了他。
【解析】name v 命名
n. 名字；名称
adj. 位于所修饰的名词之后, “名为......的” = named
【2011甘肃】The student __________(name) Wang Lin is my example in English
learning.
14. Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点东西吗？
【解析】Would you like…?
一、would like“想要、愿意”，=want意思接近，
比want语气委婉、客气。后接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。
其中would是情态动词，常可缩写为’d
Lucy would like some eggs.露茜想要一些鸡蛋。
We’d like to watch TV after school.放学之后，我们想要看电视。
二、would like的固定句型
1. Would you like some …?你想要一些……吗？
该句型常用于征求对方的意见。
肯定回答常用“Yes, please.”，
否定回答常用“No, thanks.”
需要特别注意的是，在该句型中要用some，而不用any，以表示说话人希望得到肯定回答。
——Would you like some apples?你想要一些苹果吗？
——Yes, please. 是的，我想要。
——No, thanks. 不，谢谢。
2. Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意去做……吗？
该句型表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请，其中like可用love替换。
——Would you like/ love to play football with me?你想要和我一起踢足球吗？
——Yes, I’d like / love to. 是的，我非常愿意。
——I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.我非常愿意，但我太忙了。
3. Would like to do sth. 想要做某事；
Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事。
He would like to go out for a walk.他想要出去散步。
Our parents would like us to study well.我们的父母想要我们好好学习。
【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔3】.－Would you like some dumplings for lunch? －   ______ .
         A. Yes, please         B. Sure, I’d love to       C. No, thanks
【2013广东湛江3】. — Would you like some noodles? —  ____. I am not hungry now.
A. You are welcome   B. Yes, please    C. No, thanks    D. Here you are
【2013福建泉州1】 —Would you like me to help you with the housework ?
   —_______. But I can manage it myself.
  A. That’s very kind of you      B. The same to you     C. Take it easy
14. Every time she is in the library , Sally looks at the many books she hasn’t
read (not read ) yet and she can’t wait to read them! 每次在图书馆，当萨利
看到那些她没读过的书的时候，她总是迫不及待地想要去读它们。
【解析】can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事
wait v 等，等候，等待 → waiter n 侍者
⑴ wait for 等候 （后接名词、代词）Please wait for me at the gate.
Wait a moment! 等一等。 be kept waiting 一直等着。 keep sb. waiting ＝ make sb. wait 叫人等着。
⑵ wait to do sth 等着做某事
( )How nice the ice cream looks ! I _____ taste it.
A. at the moment B. can’t wait to C. wait a moment D. wait my chance
15. What do you think of them?你觉得它们怎么样？
【解析】What do you think of…? 你认为……怎么样？
【2013江苏3】— What do you think of the documentary A Bite of China
　　— ________. It has attracted lots of TV audiences.
　　        A. Enjoy yourself     B. Many thanks 　　 C. Pretty good          D. It's hard to say
【拓展】 think of / think about / think over辨析：
（1）think of, 固定短语，表示“提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考虑，思考，对….有某种看法”， 后接名词，代词、动词-ing形式。
--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher? --- I like her very much.
(2) think of 表示“思考，考虑，对….有某种看法”时，可以与think about 互换。
What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?
(3) think of 表示“相出，想着，想起”时，不可用think about 代替。
I always think of my childhood.
(4) think over意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑”，强调思考的程度比think of/ about深。相当于think about….. carefully. 其中over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over之前或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在over之前。
Think it over before you do it.
It’s very important for you. You must think it over,
( ) —What do you _______ this book? — I don’t like it.
A. think of B. think over C. think for
Section B
1. When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family.
当萨拉还是一个青少年的时候，她常常几乎所有事情都和她的家人争吵。
【解析】fight over 为……争吵
fight for + 抽象名词（事业、自由、权利） 等 “为......而斗争”
have a fight with 和......打了一架
2. But five years ago , while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio.
但是五年前，当她在英国留学时， 她在收音机上听到一首充满思乡之情的歌曲。
【解析1】abroad adv 在国外；到国外 My father often goes abroad.
abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。
go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外
at home and abroad 在国内外
【解析2】return = come / go back返回
= give sth back 归还
returen ... to ... 把.......归还给.......
Don’t forget to return it to the library.
【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里；通过无线广播
介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”
on the Internet 通过因特网；在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视
3. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。
【解析】actually 真实地，事实上
　　actually 和 in fact 用法的区别
　　actually adv.
　　① (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际
He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind.
他看起来板着面孔,但事实上很和蔼。
　　in fact 相当于really, truly
　　No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.
尽管没有人相信，但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。
　　前者通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。
后者可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。
　( ) ________the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.
　　 A. actually　　 B. in fact　　 C. real　　　 D. /
4. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music.
从那以后，她成了一名美国乡村音乐爱好者。
【解析】ever since 自从……以来
ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.
I haven’t heard from him since last year.
=I haven’t heard from him ever since last year.
【2013浙江丽水】I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _____.
A.as usual B.again and again C.sooner or later D.ever since
5. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the
importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group.
现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的，例如：金钱和成功的重要性，但它们不属于一种类型。
【解析1】modern adj.现代的，当代的
such as “例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example
such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。
I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语
for example/such as辨析：
for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
【析】for example意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，
不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。
He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。
such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
【析】such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，
as 后不可以有逗号，可以与 and so on 连用。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly.
像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。
【解析3】success 成功
succeed v 成功，达到 →success n 成功 →successful adj 成功的 →successfully adv成功地
◆succeed in doing sth
make a success 取得成功
( ) She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.
A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing
【解析4】belong 属于； 归属
【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned by
belong to +人名（不能用所有格）+代词宾格（不能用物主代词） 属于
【注】：belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。
Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s
The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.
【甘肃兰州2】— Are these books ______ ? — No, they are not mine. They belong to _____.
A. your; her B. yours; her C. you; hers D. yours; she
【2013黄冈】The French book must be Li Ying’s. She’s the only one who’s
studying French.
A. belong to li Ying’s B. belong to Li Ying C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong Li Ying
【2013哈尔滨】Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer, won the Nobel Prize for literature at the end of the year 2012. We learn that success ______ the person with a never- give –up attitude.
A. drives out B. takes over C. belongs to
6. However， country music brings us back to the “good old days “ when people
were kind to each other and trusted one another.
然而， 乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代”。
【解析】be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to
kind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于a little 或a bit
a kind of “一种” all kinds of “各种各