2016年高考上海卷英语试题(解析版).doc

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2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）
英语试卷

考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.
C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.
2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.
3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.
4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.
5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.
C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.
6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.
C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.
7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.
8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.
C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again.
9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.
C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online.
10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.
C. It deserves an award. D. It is good except for the scary part.
Section B
  Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. $1.  B. $2  C. $3  D. $ 52.
12. A. Pay the bills first.
   B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.
   C. Deposit $1000 every month.
   D. Put part of the money in a savings account.
13. A. Methods of saving money.
   B. Saving money for family emergencies.
   C. The importance of saving money.
   D. Secrets of spending money wisely.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Free education. 
B. A sum of money.
  C. Donations from a local newspaper.
  D. Gifts from many people.
15. A. Let students in before school.
   B. Offer ice cream and coffee.
   C. Introduce a bank into the campus.
   D. Reduce the traffic jams around.
16. A. It lacks positive news.
   B. It should grow into a big city.
   C. It is a place worth living in.
   D. It remains peaceful and quiet.
Section C
   Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Class Diary (June 13-19)
SUN

MON
17 for after-class activity application
TUE

WED
Handing in three student 18
THU
Basketball Club meeting
Time:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19
FRI
Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data
Time: 20 break Place: The computer room
SAT

Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Who is Sue Walter?
She is 21 in court and a writer.
What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?
22
In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?
23 in decision-making.
What does Sue think happiness is?
24

【答案】
1.D 2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A
11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C
17.Deadline 18. photos 19.stadium 20. Lunch
21.a(famous) judge 22.Asking for help
23.Having a voice 24.Sharing (with others)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
   Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Bags of Love
Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?
When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.
【答案】
25. Wondering    26. what   27. which  28. had done   29. buying   30. Before   31. from   32. how  
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
25. Wondering   考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。
26. what   考查主语从句。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句what happened并在句中做主语。句意：发生的事情真让我很惊讶。
27. which  考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp，关系代词which指代先行词在定语从句中作为介词in的宾语，in which相当于关系副词where。
28. had done   考查时态。根据上下文告诉我们“我”被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是在我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以应该使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。
29.buying固定搭配。Stop doing sth 停止做某事。
30.before 题干中是she could react, I gave her a big hug两个简单句不能用逗号分隔，说明前面要填连词，before连接时间状语从句，表示“来不及....就...”，句意：在母亲还没来得及反应，我就紧紧抱住了她。
31.form 固定搭配，keep from隐瞒。题干中 keep it secret from me 的意思是对我保守秘密。
32. how 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作为介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，所以使用how来引导这个从句，用法和感叹句类似。 
【名师点睛】
连词before最主要的含义为“在....之前”，但在不同的语境中有不同的翻译方法。本文中before意为“还没来得及...就.....”。
before作为连词，其基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下：
  1)与情态动词can/could连用
    这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如：
    Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
    Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
    她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”
    We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.  我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
    We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了很长时间火车才到。
  3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”如：
    We hadn‘t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
 4)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”
    这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如：
    We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.    我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
 5)有时还有“宁愿”的意思
    I‘d shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我宁死也不向他道歉。
  6)用于“It +be/take+时间段+before句型”
    在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
    若主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。
    It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.  两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
    It will be many years before the situation improves.     这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
    It won‘t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。如：    
    It was some time before I realized the truth.    过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
    It wasn‘t long before she became a brave solider.    没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
    After that it still took seven years before they got married.    他们又过了七年才结婚。
考点：考查语法填空

(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】
33. has been regarded   34. that   35. better   36. a   37. you   38. annoyed   39. control   40. to get
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。
33. has been regarded  考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。
34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
35. better 考查固定句式“The+比较级.....， the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.
36. a 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37. you 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。
38. annoyed  考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：  
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。  
It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。  
强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋ 句子的其它成份 。
英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：  
It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语) 
It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)
 It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语)  
应注意的要点: 
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。 
2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。) 
3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：  
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds． 
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。
如：  It was the way he asked that really upset me．  
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。
如：  It was in today's newspaper that we found the news． 
去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper． 
这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。  
常见考法: 
1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was for this reason that he left that school．  
It was in this way that he solved the problem．  
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty． 
3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：  
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star． 
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began． 
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：  
It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．  
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如： 
Was it during the Second World War that he died？ 
When was it that the sports meeting began？
 It was not Tom that stole the book． 
Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？ 
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外 ，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。
如： It might be him that you met yesterday．
考点：考查语法填空

Section B
   Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think