经典分析弥尔顿失乐园分析.ppt
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1、 John Milton(16081674)He remained outside both Donnes and Jonsons influence1.Paradise Lost takes its place in western literature along with Homers Illiad and Odyssey,Virgils Aneid伊尼伊德,and Dantes Divine Comedy and in English literature with Beowulf and Spensers Fairie Queene.2.1.John Miltons Times164
2、2-1649:English Civil WarKing/Anglican Clergy vs.Parliament(dominated by Puritans)Protestant Revolution(Death of King Charles I)1649-1660:No British King1649-1653:Commonwealth1653-1658:Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell1660:Restoration(of King Charles II)3.2.Miltons Religion 1).Milton believed that each
3、 individual Christian should be his own church,without any establishment to encumber him.2).In his later years,Milton came to view all organized Christian churches,whether Anglican,Catholic or Presbyterian,as an obstacle to true faith.4.3.His revolutionary career1).Pamphleteering in the cause of rel
4、igious and civil liberty in 1641-60.2).Appointed Latin Secretary to Cromwells Council of State in 1649.3).Censor and editor of the Commonwealth paper,Mercurius Politicu in 1651.Latin Defense of the People of England.4).Totally blind in 1652 and imprisoned for a short time after the restoration and t
5、hen retired to private life.5.4.Miltons literary career1625-1640:short poems:LAllegro and Il Penseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴会欢乐之神),and Lycidas(1638)1640-1660:pamphlets and tracts:Areopagitica(1644论出版自由);The Defense of the English People(1650);The 2nd Defense of the English People(1650).1660-1674:Paradi
6、se Lost(1667),Paradise Regained(1671),and Samson Agonistes(1671).6.1).Miltons Works of His Early DaysPoems written in Cambridge and at Horton:a.On the Morning of Christs Nativity 基督诞生晨颂,first important workb.LAllegro快乐的人 Penseroso幽思的人c.Comus 科玛斯a mask假面剧,in blank versed.Lycidas 利西达斯,expressing the p
7、athos(哀颂)of his friend Edward Kings premature deathtwin lyrical poemsRhyme:abbacdeec7.2).Works of his adult years:a.pamphlets on religious reform Of Reformation in England论英国改革b.pamphlets on marriage and divorce:Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce 离婚的戒律与学说c.Areopagitica 论出版自由 a prose work for the fre
8、edom of the pressd.Defence of the English People 为英国人民声辩 A pamphlet against the divine right of the king.People made the king,so the king should do everything for the people.8.e.The Second Defence of the English People 再为英国人民声辩 An answer to the productions against the Commonwealth.Fight for the libe
9、rty of the nations in the world and recover their lost liberty.3).Miltons works of old agea.Paradise Lostb.Paradise Regainedc.Samson Agonistes9.5.Paradise Lost(1667)10.1).Overview of Paradise Lost_ Miltons masterpiece._ A long epic in 12 books._ taken from the Old Testament._ Major characters:Satan,
10、God,Archangel,Adam,Eve _ It is about Satans rebellion against God and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.11.The creation The rebellion of Satan and his fellow angelsTheir defeat and expulsion from Heaven Creation of the earth and of Adam and EveSatan in hell plotting against God S
11、atans temptation of Eve Departure of Adam and Eve from Eden2).The Story of Paradise Lost12.Paradise Lost Leading Up to the BeginningAt the beginning of poem,war in Heaven has been over for two weeks;For nine days,Satan and those who fought God alongside him have been lying in Hell,stunned at the out
12、come;The first character to move is Satan,who begins by speaking to Beelzebub;Starts to sort of rally his troops.13.At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Miltons fundamental concern with freedom and choice;the freedom to submit to Gods prohibition on eating the app
13、le and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve,seduced by Satans rhetoric and her own confused ambition falls into sin through innocent credulity.Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God.This is the error wherein his greatness lies.In the fall of man Adam discovered
14、 his full humanity.But mans fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy,the fall of the angels.By lifting his argument to that plane,Milton raises the problem of evil in a more intractable form.Milton held that God created all things out of Himself,including evil.There was evil in Heav
15、en before Satan rebelled:Pride,Lust,Wrath,and Avarice were there.3).Themes:a revolt against Gods authority14.At the exaltation of the Son these forces erupted and were cast forth.But God suffered them to escape from Hell and infect the Earth.And then the tragedy was re-enacted,but with a difference
16、“Man shall find grace”.But he must lay hold of it by an act of free-will.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Miltons creed.His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and,of
17、 their free will,to choose sin and its inevitable punishment.And,thereby,it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ,which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out evil.15.Only Six major charactersSatan,the leader of the fallen angels(now known as devils)Beelzebub,Satans closest frien
18、d/allyGod,the FatherThe Son,also known as the Messiah,ChristAdam,the first man,living in ParadiseEve,his wife,supposed to be under his control4).The characters16.Satan:a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a _.Major Quote:Better to reign in Hell then serve in Heavn!republican
19、Parliament17.Satan:Chinese View1.A rebel against tyranny 2.Miltons mouthpiece,uttering his hatred of tyranny.3.Revolt against the dictator and established doctrines.18.Western ViewnSatans qualities are perverted:evil and exaggerated.vSatans defiance of God manifests:his egoistic pride,false concepti
20、on of freedom,alienation from all good;vReligiously and morally corrupt and blind.vConsciousness of his own evil and damnation vSatan and his fellows are enveloped in dramatic irony because they fight and scheme in ignorance of the unshakable power of God and goodness.19.BeelzebubSatans Best FriendH
21、e is talking to Satan about a return to Heaven for more fightingDisappears after Book I,since the rest of the story concerns Satan,God,and the First People20.God The Father:selfish despot,cruel,unjustCalled the Father because of Holy Trinity:The Father,the Son,the Holy SpiritRuler of Heaven and Crea
22、tor of EarthIt was He who cast Satan outFirst appearance is in Book III:“Now had the Almighty Father,from above,From the pure Empyrean where he sitsHigh throned above all heighth,bent down his eye”Lines 56-5821.The SonAlso referred to as The MessiahWhen God the Father first speaks,it is The Son that
23、 He is addressingThe Father and Son see Adam eat the appleThe Son moves down,in Book X,to interview,pass judgement on,and clothe Adam and Eve22.Adam The first manHe lives with Eve in the Garden of Eden(Paradise,Earth)He eats from the Tree of Knowledge only after Eve doesReferred to as“the patriarch
24、of man”,Line 379,Book IX23.EveThe first womanSatan uses her curiosity against herShe is tricked into,and given a bad name for,eating from the Tree of Knowledge firstGenesis 3:18 refers to her as“the mother of all living”24.Adam&EveChinese View:embody Miltons belief in the powers of man,craving for k
25、nowledge.Western View:1.Enveloped in a parallel kind of irony2.Garden of Eden is a symbolic rendering of Miltons vision of perfection;but it is presented with Satan,thus idyllic innocence and happiness are seen only under the shadow of evil.3.far from attaining godlike knowledge,they succumb to anim
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