Unit3Howdoyougettoschool知识点.doc

Unit3 How do you get to school?一、本单元知识点总结 1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地铁 3.take the train 坐火车 4.leave for 到 地方去离开去某地 5.taketo把 带到6. most students 大多数学生 7. depend on 依赖决定于8.fromto从到 9.think of 想到想起 10.ride bikes 骑自行车 11.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方 12. how far 多远 13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学 14.in places 在一些地方 15.go to school by boat乘船去上学 16.on the school bus乘坐校车 17.be different from和不同 18.worry about 担忧焦虑担心 19. take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事20.in common 共有，相同 21.travel abroad 去国外旅游22. go down to延续至；走下去 23. most of大多数的24. some of 一些25. bus station 汽车站26. bus ride乘汽车之行 27. come back 回来28. by boat乘坐小船29. walk to school步行去上学 30. have to不得不二、重点知识详解 1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词乘去某地是动词短语在句中作谓语。He takes the train. take the subway 乘地铁 take a walk 散步 take a bath 洗个澡 take a rest 休息一会 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃药 2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/ones+表示交通工具的单数名词是介词短语作方式状语。 I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike. 3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地 表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义: Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane. 4.get表示“到达”后接名词需加to接地点副词不加to. reach 表示到达是及物动词其后直接接宾语。 arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。 5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事 Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱 Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱 6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? 答语有两种 1 Itsmeters/miles/kilometers(away)有米/英里/千米远 2 It s about ten minutes walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。 7.depend on/ upon 视而定取决于依靠+名词、代词或从句做宾语不用于进行时态和被动语态中。 8.have to 后加动词原形侧重客观的需要有“不得不被迫”之意有多种时态形式否定式为dont have to(neednt)意为“不必”。 Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法认为有必要或有义务做某事只有现在时一种形式,否定式mustt意为“一定不要不允许禁止”反意词为“neednt”。 9.a number of+名词复数 +复数谓语 许多 the number of +名词复数+单数谓语 的数量 10.When it rains I take a taxi. 由when, while, since, until, before, after , as soon as, the first time 等 引导的时间状语从句中由if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中主句可以是一般将来时祈使句或有情态动词的句子从句要用一般现在时表将来。 10.感谢用语Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks. 回答感谢用语的句子Thats ok /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。 It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。Dont mention it。别在意。 It was nothing at all.那没什么。 三、语法归纳 一how 引导的特殊疑问句 1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式其答语分三种情况 a. take a/an/the+交通工具单数 b. by+交通工具单数 c. on/in+限定词+交通工具 2. how far 用来提问距离多远其答语分为两种 1用长度单位表示It is five kilometers. 2用时间表示Its twenty minutes walk. 3.how long 用来提问时间意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。 -How long have you learnt English? -For 3 years. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间 常用于将来时态时 常用“in+时间段”来回答。 How soon will you arrive in Beijing? -In 3 hours. 二宾语从句 1.在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。 2.宾语从句的连接词 1从属连词有that, if, whether。 Nobody knew whether she could pass the exam. I know that she is from America. 2连接代词有who, whom, whose, what 等 Do you know whose book it is? Could you tell me what your father looks like? 3连接副词有when, where, why, how等 He didnt tell me when we could meet again. I dont know how I can get there. 3.时态 1主句是一般现在时从句的时态由句子本身确定。 2主句是过去时 从句用过去时态。 3主句是过去时从句是客观真理时用一般现在知识讲授1、How do you get to school？(1) how是疑问副词，意为“如何,怎样，用什么手段”。本句为how引导的特殊疑问句，用以询问交通工具。 take + a/the + 表示交通工具的名词，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。 by + 表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in + a/the +表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语，作方式状语。eg: I walk./ I get to school on foot.I ride my bike./ I get to school by bike./ I get to school on my bike.I take the bus./ I get to school by bus./ I get to school on the bus.【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。(2)get 在句中为不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与to连用，但是表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，则不需要用介词to。 eg: Theyll get to Beijing at six tonight. Ill get there on time.2、It takes about 25 minutes to walk.It takes sb sometime to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间【辨析】spend, cost, pay 与 take(1)spend 的主语必须是人。常用于 spendon sth或 spend(in) doing sth.意为“某人花时间/金钱做某事”。 eg: I spent 5 dollars on the book.(2)cost的主语只能是事情。常用于sth cost sb some money意为“某物花费某人多少钱”。 eg: The skirt costs her 200 yuan.(3)pay的主语必须是人。长用于sb pay some money for sth.意为“某人为某物付款”。 eg: He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.(4)take用于 It takes sb some time( money) to do sth. 句型中。 eg: It took him seven days to make the big cake.3、Then the early bus takes him to school.taketo意为“把带到”【辨析】take，bring与fetchtake意为“带走，拿走”，强调从说话地将人和物带走别的地方去bring意为“带走”，强调将某人或某物从别的地方带到说话地来fetch意为“去拿，去取”，即离开说话地去取某物后再回来，强调动作的往返4、How do students around the world get to school ? (1)意为“环绕；围绕；绕过” eg: The earth moves around the sun.(2)表示“在四周” eg: There are many trees around the playground.(3)表示“在的附件” eg: Is there a park around here ?(4)表示“大约”，常与数字连用 eg: He goes to school at around 8 ocolck.5、In North America, not all student take the bus to school. not all这个结构所表达的意思通常是“部分否定”，意为“并不是所有的都”。当not用于代词all, many, much, every, both前时，均属于部分否定。eg: Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并不都是金子。6、I have a map but its in Chinese, and I only speak English.in Chinese “用汉语”，in 表示“用”，主要用“用某种语言，用某种材料，用某种方式”。eg: I paid the bill in cash.【辨析】say, speak, talk与tellsay意为“说，讲”，它针对的是说话的内容speak意为“说，讲”，不强调说话的内容，但有时指讲某种语言，（在会上）发言要用speaktalk意为“谈话；交谈”，有不及物动词和名词两种词性，常与with,about或to搭配tell意为“说；告诉”，侧重于“告诉”的含义多一些，常用tell sb about sth “告诉某人关于某事“和tell sb (not )to do sth “告诉某人（不要）做某事”7、Let me look at your map.【辨析】look, read, see与watchlook意为“看”的动作，强调“看”的动作，多以词组形式出现，如look at, look like,.look after等read意为“读”，多指看书、看报、看杂志、看图等see意为“看见，看到”，侧重于“看”的结果，常用句式：see sb do/doing sthwatch意为“观看，注视”，指非常仔细地、有目的地、特定地看，多接比赛、电视语法讲解how引导的特殊疑问句1、how引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式。其答语分三种情况： take a/the + 交通工具（单数） by + 交通工具（单数） on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具eg: How do you go to work every day? I drive to work./I go to work by car./ I go to work in my car. 2、how far 用来提问距离，意为“多远”。其答语分为两种情况： 用长度单位表示 eg: How far is it from your home to the bus stop ? Its five kilometers. 用时间表示 eg: How far is the park from the shop ? Its ten minutes walk. 3、how long 用来提问时间，意为“多久”。 eg: How long have you been in America? For two years. 语法知识1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事例如：It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。2. 动词take还有其他词义；例如：1) 得到；获得 You have to take it as you find it.对这个你只得将就些算了。2) 拿；握住；抓住The mother took her child by the hand.母亲拉着孩子的手。3) 取走，拿走Take this shopping home.把这件买的东西拿回家。The foods here are all free - take any you like.这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。Who has taken my chocolate?谁拿了我的巧克力？4) 乘，坐，搭（车、船）Shall we go by bus or take a cab?我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?to take a bus to work乘公共汽车上班5) 吃；喝；服用；吸入Take your medicine.把药服下。6) 进行；作；为to take a walk 散步If you dont take / get more exercise youll get fat.你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。The state government has decided to take a 50% cut of oil profits.州政府决定抽取石油利润的百分之五十。We must take a long hard look at their suggestion.他们的建议我们要好好研究一番。to take a look around在附近看看7) 测出，量出Take your temperature.量一量你的体温。8) 减掉，去掉If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.十减去四剩六。9) 懂得；了解Do you take me?你懂我的意思吗？10) 攻读，修（课）Did you take history at school?你在学校上过历史课吗？11) 吸引；着迷He is really taken by the little dog.他对小狗着了迷。12) 持续，花费（时间）Just a minute, it wont take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。13) 照像，拍照This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.这次他设法爬进了基特罗火山口,以便能拍到照片,测量温度。I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。3. depend v. 依靠，依赖1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要I havent a car, I have to depend on the buses.我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。Children must depend on their parents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的诚实depend on依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持depend upon依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持重点句型解析1.交通方式的询问： How do you get to school ? 回答:on footby bike by car by bus by trainby plan/ airby boat by subway on a bus in a caron my bikeI walk I ride a bikeI drive a /my carI take a / the bus I take a/ the train I take a/ the plan I take a /the boatI take a/ the subway to school.I get / go to school注意点：并不是所有都用take, 也并不是所有都用by,注意四个方面 步行特殊的： walk = go .on foot , By car , by bike = drive a / my car , ride a / my bike By +交通工具无冠词， 但 ride a bike/ drive a car/ take a bus 等必须有冠词a/ the. 除了介词by +交通工具外，还可以用on/ in +交通工具，on a bus, in a car , on my bike .2. 对于路程多久的提问： How long does it take ? 回答：It takes me 30 minutes.(重点句型) 重/难点辨析：花费 take , spend, pay ,cost It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有时态变化,过去式took,）Sb. spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth. Sb. pay money for sth 物 cost sb. time/ money. 3. 对于路程有多远的提问：How far is it from his home to school? 回答： Its about 10 kilometers (away )from his home to school. 重点、难点辨析： be far from, away from, from .to . far from, 离远 My school is far from my home. 具体路程+away from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. from。to, 从。到。Its 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. A +be +路程距离from +B, My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）. 4. 宾语从句: 疑问语序变为陈述语序 （引导词+主语+谓语）（重、难点）Thomas wants to know where Nina lives. Thomas wants to know how long it takes to get to school .Thomas wants to know how far from school she lives.5.其它重要语言点 到达： get to = arrive in/ at = reach +地点， 但是遇到here/ there/ home时无介词 hundred ， 注意： 几百几百 不用加s , 如， seven hundred; 303名学生: three hundred and three students ride 的不同词性： ride 作动词，骑（自行车、马等）； 作名词， 旅行，旅程（不可数） First, he rides his bicycle to the bus station. The bus ride usually takes about 25minutes. 一天三餐前一办不加冠词，但是若有形容词，那是指具体的某一顿饭或具体的饮食，可用冠词。 take sb/ sth to +地点， 把某人、某物送到。 think of = think about, 认为以为 what do you think of / about the trip? = How do you like the trip? mean作名词, means,方法，方式，手段，单复数同形，means of transportation,交通方式 North China ,华北； North America, 北美洲；the north of China ,中国北方，the north of America , 美国北部 a number of / the number of must 情态动词，“一定”表示肯定的猜测，反义：cant “不可能”；否定：mustnt ,一定不能，表示禁止，决不允许 a lot / much / a little 修饰比较级 depend on , 取决于，决定于 although = though , 不能与but 连用 worry about/ be worried about 辨析：how long 多久，多长时间；how far 多远距离