状语从句用法详解.pptx

英语总复习语法系列训练英语总复习语法系列训练状语从句用法详解状语从句用法详解说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 三、方式状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句十、比较状语从句1时时间间状状语语从从句句通通常常用用下下列列从从属属连连词词来来引引导导：after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。如：。如：Now(that)youvegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2有有些些词词，如如immediately,directly,instantly等等，当当用用于于assoonas意义时，意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：也可以引导时间状语从句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.IlltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?3某某些些表表示示时时间间的的名名词词词词组组，如如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：也可以引导时间状语从句，如：Illtellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.ImgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarbrokeout.HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.Illtellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.4有有些些关关联联从从属属连连词词，如如nosoonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen/barelywhen等，也能引导时间状语从句。等，也能引导时间状语从句。如如果果把把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置置于于句句首首，它它所所连连带带的这部分就要倒装，如：的这部分就要倒装，如：Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.1地点状语从句常用地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导，如：来引导，如：Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).2有时，有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywhere they went,they were kindly received/warmlywelcomed.WellgoanywherethePartydirectsus.1方式状语从句通常由方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedas/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadntgrownup.2在在非非正正式式文文体体或或口口语语中中，也也可可用用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：等来引导，如：JeandoesntdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.The landlord was watching him like(=just as)a cat watches amouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?程程度度状状语语从从句句可可用用 to to such such an an extent extent that that/to to such such a a degree that degree that 来引导，如：来引导，如：The The temperature temperature rose rose to to such such an an extent extent that that the the firemen firemen had to leave the burning building.had to leave the burning building.The The temperature temperature lowered lowered to to such such a a degree degree that that the the water water froze.froze.试比较：试比较：The The temperature temperature rose rose so so high high that that the the firemen firemen had had to to leave the burning building.leave the burning building.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。通之处。1 1引引引引导导导导原原原原因因因因状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句最最最最常常常常用用用用的的的的连连连连词词词词是是是是 because,because,since,since,和和和和asas，所所所所引引引引导导导导的的的的从从从从句句句句可可可可以以以以放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句之之之之前前前前，也也也也可可可可放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句之之之之后后后后。其中其中其中其中 becausebecause语势最强，语势最强，语势最强，语势最强，sincesince次之，次之，次之，次之，asas又次之。又次之。又次之。又次之。because通通常常表表示示说说话话人人认认为为这这种种理理由由或或原原因因是是听听话话人人所所不不知知道道的的，全全句句强强调调的的重重点点在在原原因因上上，不不在在主主句句表表示示的的结结果果上上。回回答答why提提出出的的问问题题时时，只只能能用用because；在在强强调调句句型型中中也也只只能能用用because从从句，不能用句，不能用since,as等，如：等，如：BecauseIcantseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntgowithus.Itisbecausehewasillthathedidntcome.since和和as引引导导的的句句子子，重重点点在在主主句句的的内内容容，其其原原因因或或理理由由在在说说话话人人看看来来已已很很明明显显，或或已已为为听听话话人人所所熟熟悉悉，since和和as只只是是一一种种附附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecantanswerthequestion,youdbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.for是并列连词，是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可。表示因果关系时，可以和以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用不能用because代替，如：代替，如：Hecouldnthaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.because之前可以加上之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词，如：等强调词，如：Youshouldntgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2复复合合连连词词也也可可以以引引导导原原因因状状语语从从句句，这这些些连连词词有有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：等，如：Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,youllhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,letsstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,letshavedinner.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.Shedidntgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.Ihaventfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.3在在“主主语语+be+形形容容词词+that”句句型型中中，主主语语通通常常是是人人，形形容容词词通通常常为为：glad,happy,pleased,sorry等等表表示示感感情情的的形形容容词词，这这时时that可以看作原因状语从句，如：可以看作原因状语从句，如：We are glad that(=because)we have reaped another bumperharvest.Imglad(that)youareallright.Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.Impleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.结结果果状状语语从从句句往往往往放放在在主主句句之之后后，通通常常主主句句是是因因，从从句句是是果果，这这和原因状语从句刚好相反，如：和原因状语从句刚好相反，如：Hewasill,sothathedidntcome.Hedidntcomebecausehewasill.1结结果果状状语语从从句句通通常常用用下下列列连连词词引引导导：sothat,such(a)that,suchthat,sothat,that等，如：等，如：Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.Hedidntplanhistimewell,sothathedidntfinishtheworkintime.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?2应注意的几个问题：应注意的几个问题：在在非非正正式式文文体体中中，由由sothat,such(a)that引引导导的的结结果果状状语语从从句句，往往往往可可以以省省略略连连词词that，这这时时，从从句句之之前前往往往往用用逗逗号号与与主主句句隔隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.Youwalksofast(that)Icantkeeppacewithyou.Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.当当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：Hisheartbeatsothathecouldhardlybreathe.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.当当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.1目目的的状状语语从从句句通通常常使使用用的的连连词词有有：sothat,inorderthat,that,so。否定的句式常用否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfearthat来引导。来引导。目目的的状状语语从从句句中中一一般般要要有有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如：等情态动词，如：Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can/mayunderstandwell.Wellsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或口语非正式或口语)The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it(should)gowrongontheway.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfear)itrains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.2 2sosothatthat/soso既既既既可可可可以以以以引引引引导导导导目目目目的的的的状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句，又又又又可可可可以以以以引引引引导导导导结结结结果果果果状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句，其其其其区区区区别别别别可可可可以以以以根根根根据据据据上上上上下下下下文文文文的的的的意意意意义义义义来来来来判判判判断断断断，也也也也可可可可以以以以从其结构上来判断。从其结构上来判断。从其结构上来判断。从其结构上来判断。凡凡在在讲讲话话时时，sothat/so从从句句之之前前有有停停顿顿，在在文文字字中中sothat/so从从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.(结结果状语从句果状语从句)Wellcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目目的的状状语从句语从句)有有时时，由由sothat或或so引引导导的的结结果果状状语语从从句句之之前前并并没没有有逗逗号号，这这时时，就就要要看看从从句句中中有有没没有有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等等情情态态动动词词，如如果果有有，多多半半是是目目的的状状语语从从句句，如如果果没没有有，多多半半是是结结果状语从句，如：果状语从句，如：IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatIllgetagoodseat.(目目的的状状语从句语从句)IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.(结结果果状状语语从从句句)目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone.(目的状语从句目的状语从句)Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom.(结果状语从句结果状语从句)1条条件件状状语语从从句句通通常常用用下下列列连连词词引引导导：if,unless,supposing(that)（仅仅在在问问句句中中使使用用），suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that),等，如：等，如：Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,helllosefaithinyoucompletely.Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.2有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.(=Ifyoucometomorrow,)Persevereandyouwillsucceed.Givehimaninchandhelltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,hell)注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或或otherwise，如：如：Hurryup,or(else)youllbelate.Makeupyourmind,oryoullmissthechance.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyoullmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudontstartatonce,)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,youllmissthetrain.)3ifonly是是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如：的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如：Ifonlyitclearsup,wellgo.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.注注：ifonly引引导导的的状状语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不依依附附于于主主句句而而独独立立存存在在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：Ifonlyhecomesintime.(Ihopehewillcomeintime.)Ifonlyhedidntdrivesofast.(Iwishhedidntdrivesofast.)IfonlyIhadntbeenlateforwork.(IwishIhadntbeenlateforwork.)4在在真真实实条条件件句句中中，从从句句动动词词通通常常用用一一般般现现在在时时表表示示将将来来时时间间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：主句通常带有情态动词，如：Ifyoumove,Illshootyou.IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?Ifyoucome,youcanseeit.Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.注注当当从从句句表表示示将将来来已已经经完完成成或或正正在在进进行行的的动动作作时时，动动词词用用现现在在完完成时或现在进行时，如：成时或现在进行时，如：IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit.Thepolicewonttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit.注注如如果果从从句句表表示示现现在在的的意意图图、意意愿愿、决决心心等等，则则可可以以用用will/shall，如：，如：Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illletyouhaveit.Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwillimprove.5有有一一种种条条件件句句，其其从从句句动动词词不不管管主主语语的的人人称称和和数数如如何何，一一律律用用“should+不定式不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如：，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如：Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprised.Ifyoushouldhearthenews,pleaseletusknow.Ifyoushouldbeinterested,Illtellyouthewholestory.Ifitshouldrain,wehadbetterstayindoors.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.注注：在在正正式式文文体体中中，可可用用shouldI(we,youetc)代代替替IfI(we,youetc)should，如：，如：ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.ShouldyouseeMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?Shouldyouseemymother,tellherIamquitewell.6 6 6 6非真实条件句：非真实条件句：非真实条件句：非真实条件句：当当从从句句表表示示与与现现在在事事实实相相反反的的条条件件时时，从从句句动动词词用用一一般般过过去去时时或或were型型虚虚拟拟式式，主主句句动动词词用用would/should/could/might+不不定定式式，如：如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbedifferentinanumberofways.当当从从句句表表示示与与过过去去事事实实相相反反的的条条件件时时，从从句句动动词词用用过过去去完完成成时时，主句动词用主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式完成式，如：不定式完成式，如：Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceeded.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctorsadvice,hemightnothavedied.当当从从句句表表示示将将来来不不大大可可能能实实现现的的条条件件时时，从从句句动动词词用用一一般般过过去去时时或或were/wasto+不不定定式式，主主句句动动词词用用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：不定式，如：Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldntdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.在在正正式式文文体体中中可可用用“were+主主语语”等等倒倒装装结结构构代代替替“if+主主语语+were”等等结结构构；“had+主主语语+ed分分词词”代代替替“if+主主语语+had+ed分分词词”结构，如：结构，如：WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.Haditnotbeenfortheexpense,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.7 7unlessunless与与与与ifnotifnot的用法比较：的用法比较：的用法比较：的用法比较：Ifyoudontstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Ifyoudontstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.unlessunless在在在在意意意意义义义义上上上上相相相相当当当当于于于于ififnotnot，在在在在有有有有些些些些场场场场合合合合两两两两者者者者可可可可以以以以交交交交替替替替使使使使用用用用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：当当ifnot引引导导非非真真实实条条件件状状语语从从句句时时，一一般般不不可可以以改改用用unless，如：，如：Ifshewerentsosilly,shewouldunderstand.(事事实实上上她她很很傻傻，改改成成Unlesssheweresosilly含义为她不傻含义为她不傻)IfIhadntstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.(事事实实上上我我阻阻止止了了她她，改改成成UnlessIhadstoppedher含含义义为为我我没没有有阻阻止她。止她。)unless表表示示除除外外的的唯唯一一条条件件，因因此此通通常常不不能能用用and连连接接两两个个unless从句，而从句，而ifnot则不受此限，如：则不受此限，如：Shewontloseweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday.Shewontloseweightunlessshekeepsadietandtakesexerciseseveryday.(不不说说：unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakesexerciseseveryday.)unless从从句句中中可可用用否否定定词词，而而ifnot从从句句中中不不可可再再加加否否定定词词，因此在因此在unless引导的否定从句中，不可用引导的否定从句中，不可用ifnot代替代替unless，如：，如：Iwillgounlessnooneelsedoes.Iwillgoifnooneelsedoesnt.Dontaskmetoexplainunlessyoureallydontunderstand.Dontaskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdontunderstand.在在ifnot从从句句中中通通常常用用非非肯肯定定词词，而而在在unless引引导导的的肯肯定定形形式式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaventspokentoheryet.Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.请参阅课件：请参阅课件：让步状语从句专讲让步状语从句专讲比比较较状状语语从从句句一一般般由由从从属属连连词词as或或than来来引引导导，这这种种从从句句常常采采用省略句的句型，如：用省略句的句型，如：Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.Heisasyoungasyou(areyoung).Pleasecomeassoonas(itis)possible.区别：区别：Weknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou)(knowsyou).Weknowyoubetterthan(weknow)(weknow)him.注注在否定句中，用在否定句中，用asas或或soas均可，但后者语气更强调，如：均可，但后者语气更强调，如：Heisnotas/soyoungasyou.注注thethe句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：Theharderwework,thebetterweshallservethepeople.其中其中the为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。注意省略：注意省略：注意省略：注意省略：Thesoonerhecomes,thebetter(itwillbe).Thehighertheground(is),thecoolertheair(willbe).十十一一、asfaras或或sofaras可可以以引引导导状状语语从从句句，有有些些语语法法书将其称之为书将其称之为“限制状语从句限制状语从句”，如：，如：Asfaras/SofarasIcansee,thisisathornyproblem.SofarasIamconcerned,Ihavenoobjection.