选修六unit1知识点.pdf

1.Abstract1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。Beauty is abstract but a house is not.美是抽象的，房子是具体的。2）V.“提炼”“抽取”1Rubber is abstracted from trees.橡胶是从树木提取的。Salt can be abstracted from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。“概括，写摘要”He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3）n.摘要an abstract of a lecture 一个演讲的摘要2.would rather do sth 情愿做.would rather sb did sth 情愿 sb 做I would rather stay at home today.我今天宁愿待在家里。I would rather you came here tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。情愿做.而不愿意做：would rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth=prefer to do sth rather than do sth=prefer doing sth to doing sthI would rather go with you than stay here.I would go with you rather than stay here.I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.I prefer going with you to staying here.3.faith n.信任,信仰break ones faith with sb.对某人不守信用 keep faith with 忠于信仰;守信I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。He who loses faith,loses all.失去信心的人,失去所有。have faith in 相信,信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj.忠诚的，可靠的 4.感叹句：so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)(+that)It was _so_cold a day thatSuch+a(an)+adj.+n.(不可数)/n(复数)It was _such_a cold day that so many/few+n(复数)(+that)so much/little(不可数)(+that)eg.1)The book is _so_interesting that I want to read it again.2)the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.3)the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.4)There are _so_many mistakes in yourcomposition that I cant understand it.5)He has made _such_rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.答案：so such so so such_that Mary was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07 陕西）A.So successful her business wasB.So successful was her businessC.So her business was successfulD.So was her successful business答案：B5.consequently adv.所以，因此I overslept and consequently I was late for work.我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。Mr Foster has never been to China.Consequently,he knows very little about it.（做插入语）福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off.A.however B.still C.so D.Consequently答案：D consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的consequence n.结果as a consequence/result of=because of=in consequence=soShe was found guilty,and lost her job in consequence(of it).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作6.aim 1）n.(C)目标 1without aim 无目的的/无目标的achieve ones aim 完成目标miss ones aim 打不中目标(U)对准,瞄准 2take aim atThe hunter took aim at the lionsb/sths aim is to do 的目标是.What is your aim in life?你生活的目的是什么?The governors aim is to increase citizens income.2）v.(以枪等)对准,瞄准 1take aim at the target=aim at the target 瞄准靶子.He aimed his gun at the tiger,fired but missed it.他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中aim at doing=aim to do 瞄准,力求做到,力争达到Harry aims at becoming a doctor.or:Harry aims to become a doctor.aimless adj.无目标的，无目的的She led an aimless life.打算,计划,以为目标,立志做27.Conventionaladj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的conventional weapons 常规武器a conventional design 传统图案conventional opinions 旧观念The chairman made a few conventional remarks.主席说了几句客套话。8.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)a typical character 典型人物typical example 典型事例He is a typical pupil;he is like most of the other pupils.他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。9.adj.evident 明白的,明显的(apparent)n.evidence 证据;证明The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。It is evident(obvious)(to sb)that.Its evident that you are tired.显然你累了。evident=in evidence 明显的10.realistic n.现实主义的,逼真的,现实的 real adj.真的 realize v.实现 in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism 现实主义idealism 理想主义realist 现实主义者terrorism 恐怖主义terrorist 恐怖分子 Socialism 社会主义Socialist 社会主义者11.hold the Ideas/value view that.持有的观点/价值观I hold the plan cant work.adopt vt.1.采取;采纳;吸收After much deliberation,the president decided to adopt her suggestion.再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。2.过继,收养(+as)Mr.Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。3.正式通过,接受The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。adopted adj.被收养的，被采用的 adopted child12.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：1）“有，拥有”。如：The library possesses a number of the artists early works.图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。2）“具有的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如：Im afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humor.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。He is possessed of great natural ability.他很有天赋。3）“支配，控制”。如：He was possessed by the desire to be rich.possession 财产，所有物（常用复数）1The ring is one of her most valuable possessions.这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。personal possessions 个人财产He lost all his possessions in the fire.占有，拥有2take possession of 占领，夺取come into possession of 被占有in possession of (表主动）占有in the possession of （表被动）被占有He is in of the house.他拥有这套房子。=The house is in the of him.这套房子在他的占有之下。-Does the young man standing there _the company?-No.The company is _ his father.A.have of;in ofB.in of;in the ofC.take of;in the ofD.have of;in of答案：B13.convinceconvince sb.to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做 Convince sb that 使某人确信某事He convinced me of his sincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。I was convinced to believe it.Your mistakes convinced me that you hadnt studied your lesson.你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。convince vt.“使确信；使信服”convince sb.of sth./that.区分：by coincidence 碰巧,由于巧合what a coincidence（to do）！多么凑巧的事情啊！What a coincidence to meet you here.真巧在这儿碰到你。I met him by coincidence.I didnt know he was here.14.a great/good deal 大量;大量 China has changed a great deal.(修饰 v.)He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)a great/good deal of+不可数A great deal of money was spent on the project.那个项目花费了大量金钱。（修饰U）1）修饰可数名词：）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along the street.a large/big/great/small number ofMany a+单数名词More than one+单数名词2）修饰不可数名词：）修饰不可数名词：much a good/great deal ofa large amount of(谓语动词用单数)large amounts of(谓语动词用复数)3）修饰可数和不可数名词）修饰可数和不可数名词a lot of/lots of plenty ofa large quantity of(谓语动词用单数)large quantities of(谓语动词用复数)练习：1._ the students in our school go to college in their teens.A good many B.A great many ofC.A great deal of D.A lot of2.He is _ better now.Dont worry about him.A.more B.a great deal ofC.a number of D.a great deal 答案：D D 15.Shadow1)n.影子The willows shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。sit in the shade of a tree.树荫2)v.尾随，跟踪He kept looking behind,afraid of being shadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。16.Ridiculous 1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的It is ridiculous that she should accept a strangers invitation.他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。ridicule.v./n.嘲笑，奚落与“laugh at”和”make fun of”意思相近。He became an object of They all ridicule my suggestion.17.controversialAdj.有争议的，引起争论的He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。n.controversy kntr,v:si 争论；论战；辩论The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。18.scores of 很多 I have heard that scores of times.Scores of people attended the special performance.score=20A score of people were present at the party.有 20 个人参加了聚会Two score of those people wanted to fly there.那些人中有 40 人想乘飞机19.attempt v.尝试，企图v.企图，试图；努力试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成attempt doing 反复尝试做attempt to do 企图做attempt to do/doing=try to do/doing 尝试做The second question was so difficult;I didnt even attempt it.第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet.我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.n.袭击；攻击 1an attempt on someones life.对某人生命的攻击企图或努力2make an attempt to do sth at doing sth She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。The prisoner made an attempt to escape/at escaping but failed.at ones attempt 在 sb 尝试下ones first attempt 初次尝试例：Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_.A)intentionB)attemptC)purpose D)desire 练习：1)他试图行走直到摔倒。He_2)他参加过考试，可是失败了。He_ but failed.3)我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。I _ but was told to be quiet.attempted walking until he fell over.attempted the examination attempted to speak 20.On the other hand另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与 on one hand 连用。On one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面This job is not well paid,but on the other hand,I dont have to work long hours.（插入语）On one hand,I need a computer,but on the other hand,I dont have enough money.At hand 在手边，在附近By hand 用手的，手工的Go hand in hand with 与共同行动21.Predict1)v.预言，预测 后面加名词做宾语或接 that 从句/wh-从句。Nobody can predict what will happen in the future.It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。2)n.Prediction 预言，预测Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。22.Specific adj.明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan?当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？Each organ in our body has its specific function.我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。23.figure n.3)人物;名人 He has become a figure known to everyone4)数字 Where did you get those figures?5)数量;金额;价格 His work now commands huge figures.1)外形;体形;人影 I saw a figure in the darkness.2)体态;风姿 She has a slender 细长的；苗条的figure.区分：finger 手指24.delicate adj.He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的Be careful with those wine cupsthey are very delicate.易碎的In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words.需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。What a delicate work of art!精妙的delicate china.精美的瓷器25.1)aggressive adj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的 an aggressive salesman 一干劲很大的售货员;侵略性的;好斗的 aggressive weapons/boy 攻击性武器He is very aggressive.他生性好斗。We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one.我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。2)aggressively adv.气势汹汹地 3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n.侵略者练习：If you want to become a successful businessman,you must _ _.如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。_ _ must be destroyed.必须要销毁攻击性的武器。be aggressiveAggressive arms26.In the flesh 活生生，本人，亲自Flesh n.肌肉；肉Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？He wouldnt believe until he saw in the flesh 他直到亲眼目睹才相信。Flesh and blood 肉体，血肉之躯Though he is a hero,he is still flesh and blood.Lose flesh 减肥Gain/put on flesh 增肥Flesh-eating 食肉的区分：fresh：n.开始；新生；泛滥 adj.新鲜的；清新的；淡水的；无经验的 adv.刚刚，才；最新地27.preference n.-prefer v.1)更加的喜爱,偏爱UC(+for)A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。We dress simply by preference.首先,最好2)偏爱的事物(或人)CWhich is your preference,tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?3)偏袒U(+for)Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。4）Have a preference for 偏爱I have a preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。We had a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.5）优先(权);优惠权UC in preference to 优先于Id choose the small car in preference to the larger one.我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.28.Appealvi.1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth.He appealed to me for help.2)诉诸,求助(+to)We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.3)有吸引力,迎合爱好W(+to)The idea appealed to Mary.4)【律】上诉(+to/against)He appealed against/to the five-year sentence he had been given.29.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；As he broke up with his girlfriend,his heart was fragile.由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。30.Reputation n.have a reputation 享有盛名(+for)名誉,名声1The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。He has a reputation for cheating in the exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。好名声,声望;信誉2This restaurant has a fine reputation.这家餐厅信誉很好。lose ones reputation 失去盛名；Cheating at the game ruined that players reputation.比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。live up to ones reputation 不负盛名win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉You must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents high expectations 他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。31.more than名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just 相当于 not only,not just 的意思。如：Jason is more than a lecturer;he is a writer,too.詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。1)more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于 over，其反义词组为 less than。如There are more than two hundred people in the park.公园里有 200 多人。2)“more than形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：I am more than content with what you said.我对你的讲话十分满意。She was dressed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。3)在“more.than.”结构中，肯定肯定“more”后面的内容而否定后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分后面的部分，常译为“是 而不是”或“与其说不如说”。如：Hearing the loud noise,the boy was more surprised than frightened.听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶很惊讶。32.visual 形容词 adj.1）视力的;视觉的Near-sightedness is a visual defect.近视是一个视力缺陷。2）看得见的,可被看见的;视觉的Primary school teachers use a lot of visual aids.小学教师使用大量的视觉教具。3）光学的Telescopes and microscopes are visual instruments.望远镜和显微镜是光学仪器。32.Fragrant 芬香的;馥郁的（同 p11.29）Love is a fragrant flower;and friendship is a sweet fruit.爱情是一朵芳香的鲜花，友情是一颗甜美的果实。33.Contemporary 1)adj.当代的1His lecture is about contemporary American novelists.他的演讲是关于当代美国小说家的。He has furniture of contemporary style.他有现代款式的家具.同时代的;同年龄的2be contemporary with 与 同时代Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare?琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈?2)n.复数 同时代的人;同年龄的人1He was looked down upon by his contemporaries.他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。同时期的东西2当代人,现代人334.permanent adj.1)永久的,永恒的;永远的Nature is permanent.自然是永恒的。2)固定性的;常在的This is my permanent address.这是我的固定地址。35.signature n.署名 签字The teacher put her signature to a letter.老师在信件上签字。Sign n.符号，标记Signal n.信号