新目标七年级（下）Units 6-12语法精讲+精练+答案.docx

核心语法6现在进行时1.用法(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, right now, at the moment等时间状语或动词listen, look等连用.(2)表示目前一段时间内一直进行的动作。常和these days, this week, at present(现在)等时间状语连用。2.构成(1)现在进行时由“be动词(is/am/are)+动词的-ing形式”构成,其否定句要在be动词之后加not;变一般疑问句要将be动词提到句首。(2)动词-ing形式的变化规则规则例词一般在动词原形末尾直接加-ingworkworking readreading以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingliveliving writewriting以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingstopstopping swimswimmingrunrunning sitsitting以ie结尾的重读开音节的动词,将ie改为y,再加-ingdiedying tietying lielying【巧学妙记】现在分词记忆歌诀现在分词很好记,动词后缀-ing.词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题.一辅重音闭音节,这个字母要双写.die, tie要注意,改ie为y再加-ing.语法精练单项选择1.Listen! The boy_ in the room. He often_ English songs.A. sings; is singingB.is singing; singsC.sings;singsD. is singing; is singing2.Look! The cat_ the tree.A. climbsB.is climbingC. climbedD. climbing3.-Where is your sister now?-She_ in the library.A. studiesB. studyingC. isstudyingD. study4.-Anita, where is your brother?-He_ in the garden with a group of kids.A. playsB. playC.are playingD. is playing5.-Where is your father, Jack?-Oh, he_ a newspaper in the bedroom.A.is readingB. readC. readsD. are reading6.-Is Bob doing his homework?-No, he_, He_ a letter.A. doesnt; writesB. isnt; writesC. isnt; is writingD. doesnt; is writing答案:1.B 考查现在进行时和一般现在时的用法.句意:听！那个男孩正在房间里唱歌.他经常唱英语歌曲.listen是现在进行时的标志词.often是一般现在时的标志词.故选B.2.B 考查现在进行时的用法.句意:瞧！猫在爬树.look是现在进行时的标志词.故选B.3.C 考查现在进行时的用法.句意:你妹妹现在在哪里?她正在图书馆里学习.now是现在进行时的标志词.故选C.4.D 考查现在进行时的用法.句意:安妮塔,你的弟弟在哪儿?他正在花园里和一群孩子玩.根据问句“where is your brother”可知,表示的时间是此时此刻,所以答语要用现在进行时.故选D.5.A 考查现在进行时的用法.句意:杰克,你爸爸在哪儿?哦,他正在卧室里看报纸.根据问句“Where is your father”可知,表示的时间是此时此刻,所以答语要用现在进行时.故选A.6.C 考查现在进行时的用法.句意:鲍勃正在做作业吗?不,他没有.他正在写一封信.问句用现在进行时,答语也要用现在进行时.故选C.核心语法7一、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别一般现在时现在进行时概念表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示主语具备的性格、能力或陈述客观真理表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作构成1.主语be+其他2.主语十实义动词十其他主语be+动词现在分词十其他时间状语always,usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, in the morning/afternoon/ evening等now, right now, at the moment, at this time, look, listen等例句Mom cooks dinner for us every day.妈妈每天给我们做晚饭.Jane usually plays the guitar on Sundays.简通常在周日弹吉他.Mom is cooking dinner for us now.妈妈现在在给我们做晚饭.Listen! Jane is playing the guitar.听！简正在弹吉他.二、表示询问天气的句型“Hows the weather.或“Whats the weather like.?”意为“天气如何?”用来询问天气情况.常用“Its+描述天气的形容词或现在分词”来回答。语法精练I.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Its_ (sun) today. Lets take a walk in the park.2.I always_ (wash) my clothes in the evening, and now I_ (wash)a T-shirt.3.We cant go out now. Its_ (rain) outside now.4.Be quiet! Grandpa_ (sleep) right now in the next room.5.Lilys mother_ (look) very young and beautiful.答案:1.sunny 2.wash;am washing 3.raining 4.is sleeping 5.looksII.单项选择1.It often_ here in winter. Look! Its_ again.A. snowy; snowingB.snow; snowyC. snows; snowingD. snowing; snows2.On a_ morning, he came back home.A. rainB. rainyC. rains3.- _ is the weather_ in Yichun?-Its sunny.A. Hows; likeB. How; likeC. What; likeD. Whats; like4.-Its_ outside. Remember to put on warm clothes, Peter!-OK, Mom.A. hotB. warmC. dryD. cold5.- _ the weather like in Hangzhou?-Its cloudy.A. HowsB. WhatC. HowD. Whats答案:1.C 考查动词的时态.句意;这里冬天经常下雪.看！天又下起雪来了.由“often”可知,第一空需用一般现在时且用第三人称单数形式;再由“Look”可知,第二空需用现在进行时.故选C.2.B 考查形容词的用法.句意;在一个下雨的早上,他回家去了.rain下雨,是动词;rainy 下雨的,是形容词;rains下雨,是动词.故选B.3.C 考查固定句型.句意;在宜春的天气怎样?是晴朗的.How is the weather?=Whats the weather like?故选C4.D 考查形容词词义辨析.hot热的;warm暖和的;dry干燥的;old冷的.由“记得穿上暖和的衣服”可知,外面的天气很冷.故选D.5.D 考查固定句型.“Whats the weather like in+地点?”用于询问某地的天气状况.故选D.III.按要求改写句子(每空一词)1.Itssunnytoday.(对画线部分提问)_ the_ today?2.Mom is cooking in the kitchen.(对画线部分提问)_ Mom_ in the kitchen?3.There is a lot of snow today in Beijing.(改为同义句)It_ _ today in Beijing.4.The story isreally terrible.(对画线部分提问)_ _ the story?5.Hows the weather today?(改为同义句)_ the weather_ today?答案:1.Hows;weather 2.Whats;doing 3.is snowy 4.How is 5.Whats;like核心语法8 there be句型的用法1.构成there be句型表示“某处有(存在)某人某物”,其结构为“There be+主语地点”.2.句式结构句式结构例句肯定句There is/are+某物某人+地点状语There is an apple on the table.桌上有一个苹果.否定句There isnt/arent+某物某人+地点状语There arent any students in the classroom.教室里没有学生.一般疑问句Is/Are there+某物某人+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.否定回答:No, there isnt/arent.-Is there a bank near here?-附近有一家银行吗?-Yes, there is./No, there isnt.-是的,有.不,没有.3.用法(1)there be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致.(2)若有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”.4.there be句型与have的区别对象相同不同there be都表示“有”之意表示“某处有(存在)某人某物”,强调客观存在have表示“某人有某物”,强调所属关系语法精练I.单项选择1.There_ some milk and several apples in the fridge.A. isB. areC. be2.-Are there any vegetables in the fridge?-_. Ill buy some.A. No, there arentB.No, they arentC.Yes, there areD. Yes, they are3.-Whats in the noodles?-There_ some beef and vegetables in the noodles.A. isB. areC. has4.- _ there any vegetables in the soup?-Yes, and there_ some mutton, too.A. Are; isB. Are; areC. Is; isD. Is; are5.-Where did you go on Childrens Day?-I went to the Green Lake Park. There_ lots of children.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案:1.A 考查there be句型的用法.句意;冰箱里有一些牛奶和几个苹果.there be句型中的be动词的形式取决于紧挨主语的形式.故选A.2.A 考查情景交际.句意;冰箱里有什么蔬菜吗?不,没有.我去买一些.No, there arent不,没有.是对上文的否定回答.故选A.3.A 考查there be句型的用法.句意;面条里有什么?面条里有一些牛肉和蔬菜.there be句型的be动词的形式取决于紧挨主语的形式.故选A.4.A 考查there be句型的用法.句意;一汤里有一些蔬菜吗?有,还有一些羊肉.vegetables是名词复数,所以第一空要用are; mutton是不可数名词,所以第二空要用is.故选A.5.D 考查there be句型的用法.句意;在儿童节那天你去了哪里?我去了格林湖公园.有许多孩子.问句用一般过去时,答语也要用一般过去时.children是复数名词,be动词用were.故选D.II.按要求改写句子(每空一词)1.There are some trees near the house.(改为否定句)There_ _ trees near the house.2.There is a post office near here.(改为一般疑问句)_ _ a post office near here?3.Are there any people in the square?(作否定回答)No, _ _.4.There arethirtydesks in the classroom.(对画线部分提问)_ _ desks_ there in the classroom?5.He has two beds in his room.(改为同义句)_ _ two beds in his room.答案:1.arent any 2.Is there 3.there arent 4.How many; are 5.There are核心语法9一、询问及描述外貌1.询问外貌询问某人长什么样子用“What+do/does+ sb.look like?”句型。其中,what充当宾语;look like意为“看起来像”,like后接宾语。2.描述外貌描述人物外貌的常用句型有:(1)主语is/are+介词短语(2)主语is/are+形容词(短语)(3)主语have/has+(a/an)+形容词名词(4)主语wear/wears+名词【注意】询问某人的气质和性格时通常用“What+be+sb.like?”句型。二、选择疑问句1.结构(1)“一般疑问句or+选择部分”(2)“特殊疑问句or+选择部分”2.回答选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须选择所给选择的一项回答。语法精练I.单项选择1.-Is Peter_?-No. He is of medium height.A, thinB. heavyC. highD. tall2.-What does Nancy look like?-_.A. She is friendlyB. She isa teacherC. She is longD. She is short3.-Is Alice heavy or thin?-_.A. Yes, she is heavyB. No, she is thinC. She is heavy or thinD. She is thin4.- _?-He is a tall man with glasses.A. How isAlanB. What does Alan likeC. Whatis AlanD. What does Alan look like5.The boy with_ hair wears_.A. curly short; glassesB. short curly; a glassC. short curly; glassesD. curly short; a glass6.- _?-He is quiet.A. What does he likeB. Whatis he likeC. What does he look likeD. What would he like答案:14 DDDD5.C 考查形容词和名词的用法.形容头发的顺序是;长短曲直颜色;glass意为“眼镜”时,为可数名词,用复数.故选C.6.BII.按要求改写句子(每空一词)1.David is of medium height.(改为同义句)David_ _ _ _.2.Mr. Dean always does some exercise in the morning.(改为否定句)Mr. Dean_ _ _ exercise in the morning.3.Theyrevery smart.(对画线部分提问)_ _ they_?4.My dad is good at playing tennis.(加入 soccer改为选择疑问句)_ your dad good at playing tennis_ soccer?5.Lisahas big eyes and a long face.(对画线部分提问)_ _ Lisa_ _?答案:1.isnt tall or short 2.never does any 3.What are; like 4.Is;or 5.What does; look like核心语法10一、would like的基本用法(一)基本用法would like 用来表示意愿,意为“想要;愿意”,和want的意思接近,但比want语气委婉、客气.其中would是情态动词,常可缩写为d。(二)常见用法1.would like sth.意为“想要某物”.“Would you like sth.?”意为“你想要某物吗?”该句型是礼貌而又委婉地询问对方需求时的用语。2.would like (sb.)to do sth.意为“想要(某人)做某事”.“Would you like to do sth.?”意为“你愿意做某事吗?”该句型表示有礼貌地向对方提出建议或邀请。二、some和any的用法some意为“一些”,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词some一般用于肯定句中;有时用于疑问句中,表示邀请或希望得到对方的肯定回答,常出现在would like句型中anyany用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中三、不可数名词的用法不可数名词具有不可数性.一般说来,不可数名词大多是一些物质名词或表示抽象事物的名词。其用法归纳如下:(一)只有原形,没有复数形式。(二)不能直接用不定冠词a、an或指示代词this、that、these、those来修饰,但可以用定冠词the或some、lots of、a lot of、much来修饰。(三)作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。(四)用代词指代不可数名词时,用单数it,不能用they或them。(五)不可数名词的数量,常借助量词来表达,数目不止一个时,量词用复数形式。语法精练I.单项选择1.-Would you like some beef noodles?-_,Id like tomato and egg noodles.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, thanksC. Thats all right2.-Is there_ meat in the egg soup?-Yes, there is.A. someB. anyC. fewD. many3.-Would you like some more rice?-_.I eat too much.A. No, thanksB.Yes, thank youC. Id love toD. Yes, please4.-I have_ tea here.-Really? But I dont see tea.A. any; anyB.some; anyC.some;someD. any; some5.-Would you like to study with me?-_.A. Yes, I likeB. No, I wouldC. No, I dont like toD. Yes, Id like to6.Some meat_ on the table and some apples_ in the box.A. is; isB. is; areC. are ;isD. are; are7.Would you like_ soccer after school?A. playB. playingC. to playD. plays答案:1.B 考查情景交际.句意:你想要吃牛肉面吗?不,谢谢.我想要西红柿鸡蛋面.Yes, please是的;No, thanks不,谢谢;Thats all right 没关系.故选B.2.B 考查形容词辨析.句意:鸡蛋汤里有一些肉吗?是的,有一些.some一些;any一些,用于否定句和疑问句中;few很少,many许多.故选B.37 ABDBCII.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.We have some new_ (special) in our restaurant.2.Tom would like some mutton and cabbage_ (noodle).3.What kind of_ (soup) would you like?4.There_ (be) some beef in the noodles.5. There are some_ (tomato) and_ (porridge) on the table.答案:1.specials 2.noodles 3.soup 4.is 5.tomatoes;porridge核心语法11一般过去时(一)一、定义一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.二、结构(一)肯定句:主语动词的过去式其他.(二)否定句:1.主语was/were+ not+其他.2.主语didnt+动词原形其他.(三)一般疑问句:1.Was/Were+主语其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语was/were.否定回答:No,主语was/were not.2.Did+主语动词原形其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语did.否定回答:No,主语didnt.(四)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词十一般疑问句?注意:在含be动词的句式中,主语是第一人称和第三人称单数形式时用was,其他人称用were.三、规则动词的过去式的构成(一)一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.(二)以e结尾的动词在词尾加-d.(三)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.(四)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.四、不规则变化的有:seesaw, dodid, gowent, am/iswas, arewere, has/havehad等语法精练I.单项选择1.Dany_ to school yesterday because it was Sunday.A. didnt goB. doesnt goC. didntwent2.-What did you do last weekend?-I_ my homework.A. am doingB. didC. do3.Ten years ago, Wang Ming_ in Tongdao, but now he_ in Zhijiang.A. lived; livedB. lived; livesC. lived; living4.-What did you do_?-I went shopping.A. on weekdaysB. on weekendsC.next weekendD. last weekend5.-Gina, _ you_ the dishes last night?-Yes, I did.A. did; doB. are; doingC. do; doD. can; do6.-Hurry up! The last train_ at 10:30 p.m.-Too late. It_ 5 minutes ago.A. leaves; leftB. leaves; leavesC. left; leftD. will leave; left答案:1.A 考查否定句.句意:Dany昨天没有去上学,因为是星期天.一般过去时的否定句是didnt+动词原形.故选A.2.B 考查一般过去时的用法.句意:你上周末做了什么?我做作业了.问句用一般过去时,答语也要用一般过去时.故选B.3.B 考查一般过去时和一般现在时的用法.句意:十年前,王明住在通道,但现在他住在芷江.ten years ago是过去时间,第一空用一般过去时.now是一般现在时的标志词.故选B.4.D5.A 考查一般过去时的用法.句意:吉娜,昨天晚上你洗碗了吗?是的,我洗碗了.last night是一般过去时的标志词.故选A.6.A 考查一般将来时和一般过去时的用法.句意:快点！最晚一趟火车将在晚上十点半出发.太晚了,它五分钟前就出发了.指由时刻表决定的事通常用一般现在时表示将来,第一空用leaves;5 minutes ago 是过去的时间,是一般过去时的标志词,所以第二空用left.故选A.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My parents_ (be) both at home yesterday.2.They_ (stay) in Australia last week.3.My father_ (grow) some roses last year.4.-What did they do just now?-They_ (feed) cows on grass.5.-How was your weekend?-It was great, I_ (go) to the mountains with my family.答案:1.were 2. stayed 3.grew 4.fed 5.went核心语法11一般过去时(二)一、一般过去时的用法(一)一般过去时常与yesterday、last week、just now、in 1989(年份)、two years ago、this morning (afternoon/evening)等表示过去的时间状语连用,表示过去某个时间或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.(二)常与频度副词 often、usually、always、sometimes等连用,表示过去反复发生的动作.二、一般过去时的特殊疑问句(一)定义:以疑问词开头,对句中某一部分进行提问的句子叫作特殊疑问句.常见的疑问词(组)有what、who、whose、when、where、which、why、how、what time、what color、how old、how long、how many、how much、how often、how soon等.(二)句型结构:1.疑问词was/were+表语其他?2.疑问词行为动词的过去式其他?3.疑问词was/were+主语其他?4.疑问词did+主语动词原形其他?(三)答语:回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes或no回答,而要针对问句所提问的内容作相应的回答.语法精练1.写出下列动词的过去式1.make_2.stay_3.put_4.write_5.feed_6.run_7.teach_8.study_答案:1.made 2.stayed 3.put 4.wrote5.fed 6.ran 7.taught 8.studiedII.单项选择1.The young man_ a student four years ago, but now he_ a teacher.A. is; isB. was; wasC. was; isD. is; was2.What_ Jim_ last weekend?A. does; didB. did; didC. did; doD. does; do3.-Amy, _ did you go just now?-I went to the library.A. whatB. howC. whenD. where4.- _ did he do last Sunday?-He read an interesting book.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhenD. Where5. -Jane, you look very tired today.-Yes. I_ sleep well last night.A. dontB. didntC. wasD. wasnt答案:15 CCDABIII.对画线部分提问(每空一词)1.The music festival last Friday wasexcellent._ _ the music festival last Friday?2.We sawmany butterfliesin the park._ _ you_ in the park?3.Mary put her keysin her schoolbagthis morning._ _ Mary_ her keys this morning?4.Lucy learned a second languageat the age of ten._ _ Lucy_ a second language?5. David went to Hainan withhis friendsyesterday afternoon._ _ David_ to Hainan_ yesterday afternoon?答案:1.How was 2.What did; see 3.Where did; put 4.When did; learn 5,Who did; go; with