初中现在完成时讲解以及练习题.doc
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1、现在完成时讲解(1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I n
2、ot (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.(2)用法:1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见
3、过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如: I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意:a) since和for
4、的区别since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there
5、_ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start,
6、 die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说: He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为:He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地
7、”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较:Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了?(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when
8、 I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如:She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。Th
9、ey have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming
10、 ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet
11、? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ her
12、e?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go
13、to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A.
14、have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ t
15、o the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just
16、_ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? (改成反意疑问句) 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) (动词填空)8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Mi
17、ss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to f
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- 初中 现在完成时 讲解 以及 练习题
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