音标教学教案.doc

Phonetics (音标)
Contents: The 48 phonetics.
Teaching aims: 1) Can read the 48 phonetics correctly.
2)Can grasp the reading rules.
Difficulties: 1) The correct sounds.
2) The rules of the spellings.
Teaching methods: Teaching , practicing and studying in groups.
Teaching tools: Papers, color chalk，multimedia
Teaching periods: 6 periods.
Process:
The phonetics are the gold key to study English. It’s very important for the students to learn English. So we should spend enough time to teach them to learn the knowledge freely. Before learning , we should make clear about the following knowledge.
音素：人说话的声音是由若干单个的音组成的，即使是一个很短的字、 词也是由一定的读音组成的。英语把组成一个读音的最小单位叫音素。
音标：音标是记录音素的符号。英语音标就是记载英语字母和单词的读音的符号。英语国际音标共48个音素．其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
元音音素：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音，称为元音。
辅音音素：不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。
前元音：/i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ /
中元音：/ʌ / /ɜ：/ /ə /
后元音：/a:/ /ɒ/ / ɔ: / /ʊ/ /u:/
双元音：/eı/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /au/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
辅音（爆破音）：/p/ /b/ / t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
摩擦音：/f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð / /s/ /z/ /ʃ / / ʒ/ /r/ /h/ /w/ /j/
辅音（破擦音）：/tʃ/ /ʤ/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/
舌侧音：/l/
鼻音：/m/ /n/ / ŋ/
半元音：/w/ /j/

Period 1
Contents:
1) Study 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words.
2) Study 28 consonant symbols.
Teaching aims: 1) can read 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words correctly.
2) Can read 28 consonant symbols correctly..
Key points: The 28 consonant sounds.
Difficulties: The rules of the 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words correctly.
Teaching tools: Color chalk; papers.multimedia
Process:
I. Go over 26 letters.
II. Leading-in: Class, we’ve learned 26 letters. Today, we’ll learn 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words . After this class, you’ll know the rules of spelling. Work harder.
III. To begin the new class:
Step 1: Learn the three definitions.
字母：英语单词是由字母构成的，字母是书写的最小单位。英语字母共有_____个，其中______个是元音字母，_______个是辅音字母，就是这26个字母构成了数以万计的英语单词。
音素：音素是字母在单词中的发音，音素是语音的最小单位。
音标：音标是记录单词读音的书写符号。音标一般写在/ / 里，以免和字母相混。英语音标共有________个，______个是辅音，_______个是元音，正是这48个音标构成了数以万计的英语单词的发音。
Step 2: Learn the rules of the 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words .
T: Teach them to learn the rules, then lead them to write down the phonetic symbols.
Ss: Learn carefully and find the rules and write them down on their papers.
1．用掐头法学习 Ff, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx 这6个辅音字母在单词中的读音。
four /f ɔ:/ food /fu:d/ foot/f ʊt/ fox/f ɒks/
egg/eg/ some/sʌm/ night/n aɪt/ moon/mu:n/
six/sɪks/ net/net/ love/lʌv/ let/let/

2．用去尾法学习Bb, Cc, Dd, Jj, Kk，Pp, Tt, Vv, Zz,这9个辅音字母在单词中的
发音。
Bob rice bed jeep
bike pop tea five
3．用汉语拼音对比法学习Gg, Hh, Yy, Ww, Rr 这5个辅音字母的发音。
bag how yes wear
red ruler
Step 3: Go over the knowledge and try to find the sounds of “ Q q”.
Step 4: Learn 28 phonetics:
T: Teachch them to read the 28 phonetics according to the Chinese sounds.
IV. Do some exercises:
写出以下辅音字母在单词中的发音：
Ff / /, Ll / /, Mm / /, Nn / /, Ss / /, Xx / /
Bb / /, Cc / /, Dd / /, Jj / /, Kk / /， Pp / /, Tt / /, Vv / /, Zz / /
Gg / /, Hh / /, Yy / /, Ww / /, Rr / /

T: Teachch them to study in groups then have a PK between groups.
V. Sum up:
Class, today we’ve learned the rules of the 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words , please try to remember the rules, then use them freely.
Homework:
1) Recite the rules.
2) Practice the 28 phonetics, and try to read them freely.
Summary:
In this class, we’ve learned the rules in three methods. Most of them have grasped the rules, but some students have difficulty in using them. We need more time to practice the 28 phonetics.
Period 2
Contents:1) Go on to study 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words.
2) Study 28 consonant symbols.
3) Study binations of consonant letters.
Teaching aims: 1) can learn 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words correctly.
2) Can read 28 consonant symbols correctly.
3) Can use the rules of binations of consonant letters.
Key points: The 28 consonant sounds.
Difficulty: The rules of the 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words correctly.
Teaching tools: Color chalk; papers.
Process:
I. Go over the knowledge that leanded last class:

你能写出下列辅音字母在单词中的发音吗？
Ff / /, Ll / /, Mm / /, Nn / /, Ss / /, Xx / /
Bb / /, Cc / /, Dd / /, Jj / /, Kk / /， Pp / /, Tt / /, Vv / /, Zz / /
Gg / /, Hh / /, Yy / /, Ww / /, Rr / /
II. Begin the new lesson:
Step 1: Go over the knowledge and find the new rules:
1．15个辅音字母在单词中发音规律是不变的：
它们是：Ff, Ll, Mm, Nn, Bb, Dd, Jj, Kk，Pp, Tt, Vv, Zz, Hh, Ww, Rr
2．5个辅音字母在单词中发音是有变化的：Cc, Gg, , Xx, Ss
你可以通过口诀背诵：月(Cc) 如钩(Gg)，求()你别(Xx)睡(Ss)在上面了。
3．半元音Yy 的发音有变化。
Step 2: Go on to learn the new rules:
T: Teachch them to find the rules and try to remember the rules.
Ss: Study in groups and try to remember the rules.
1．字母Cc的发音规律：

在何时
发音
例词
在字母 “e”, “i”, “y”前
/ s /
face/ /, city/ /, Lucy/ /
不在字母“e”, “i”, “y”前
/k /
cake/ /, cup/ /, act / /

2. 字母Gg的发音规律：

在何时
发音
例词
在字母 “e”, “i”, “y”前
/ /或/ /
age/ /, get/ /, gift / /
gym/ /, foggy/ /
不在字母“e”, “i”, “y”前
/ /
game/ /, go/ /, gum/ /
3. 字母的发音规律：
qu / kw /
4. 字母Xx的发音规律：

在何时
发音
例词
不做前缀“ex”时
/ ks /
box/ /, fox/ /, fix / /

5. 字母Ss的发音规律：

在何时
发音
例词
在词首
/ s /
sad/ /, six/ /, same / /
两个ss
/ s /
miss/ /, glass/ /, kiss / /
在元音后
/ s/ 或/z/
has/ /, gas/ /, rise/ /

6. 半元音Yy 的发音规律。

在何时
发音
例词
y前是辅音字母
/ / 或/ /
(发音等同于字母i )
by/ /, my/ /, pay/ /
y后是元音字母
/ /
yes/ /, yet/ /
Step 3: Learn the the rules of binations of consonant letters.
T: Lead them to find the rules and try to remember them.
Ss: Learn and them find the rules.
1.th:/ / three : / / third: / /
2.th: / / that : / / this：/ /
3.sh: / / shop: / / shirt: / /
4.ch/ tch: / / child: / / chair : / / match: / /
5.n/ng/ nk: / / think: / / thing: / / sing: / /
6. s / sure: / / measure: / / television : / /
7.tr: / / tree: / / train: / / truck：/ /
8. dr: / / dress: / / draw: / /
9. ts: / / cats : / / boats: / /
10. ds: / / beds: / / birds: / /
Step 4: Go on to learn the 28 consonants:
T: Teach them to learn in the rules:
Ss: Try to remember them.
III. Do some exercises:
Ss: Have a dictation of the 28 consonants.
Sum up: Class, we’ve learned the rules of the 21 consonant letters’ pronunciations in words and the 28 phonetics , please learn them by heart.
Homework:
1)Recite the rules correctly.
2) Can write the consonants correctly.
Summary:
In this class, most of them have learned carefully. Some of them have grasped the rules , but some of them have some difficulty in learning them. They need more time to go over the knowledge.
Period 3
Contents: Go over 28 consonants.
Teaching aims: Can use the rules freely.
Key points: The sounds of the 28 consonants.
Difficulty: The rules of the spelling and reading.
Teaching methods: Practice more.
Teaching tools: Color chalk and papers.
Process:
I. Go over the 28 consonants:
爆破音：/p/ /b/ / t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
摩擦音：/f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð / /s/ /z/ /ʃ / / ʒ/ /r/ /h/ /w/ /j/
破擦音：/tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/
舌侧音：/l/
鼻音：/m/ /n/ / ŋ/
半元音：/w/ /j/
T: Lead them read in groups, individuals.
Ss: Go over in groups then act out.
II. Practice in oral.
T: Teach them to read in exercise books. P5& P 8.
Ss: Practice in groups and then act out.
III. Have a writing PK.
T: Lead them to write and learn have a PK between the 12 groups.
Sum up: Class, I’m sure you can read the 28 consonants, please use them freely, and try to remember the rules of them.
Homework: Write down 28 consonants and make 28 consonant cards.
Summary:
After this class, most of them have known more about the 21 consonant letters and 28 consonants. But some of them still need time to practice more.,
Period 4
Contents: Go on to study 20 vowels.
Teaching aims:
1) can learn 20 vowels correctly.
2) Can read and write them correctly
Key points: The 20 vowels sounds.
Difficulty: The pronunciations of the double vowels.
Teaching tools: Color chalk; papers.
Process:
I. Show them the teaching aims.
II. Begin the new lessons.
Step1: Learn the 20 vowels .
元音音素：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音，称为元音。
前元音：/i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ /
中元音：/ʌ / /ɜ: / /ə /
后元音：/a:/ /ɒ/ / ɔ: / /ʊ / /u:/
双元音：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əu/ /au/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
T: Teach them to read them one by one.
Ss: Learn carefully and act out.
Step 2: The sound practices.
T: Lead them to practice and teach them pay attention to the differences.
长元音：
/i:/ /i:t/ /di:d/ /pi:k/ /bi:t/
/u:/ /tu:/ /fu:d/ /hu:/ /du:/
/a:/ /ka:/ /ga:d/ /pa:k/ /a:t/
/ɔ:/ /f ɔ:/ /d ɔ:/ /p ɔ:t/ /tɔ:k/
/ɜ:/ /h ɜ:/ /b ɜ:d/ /w ɜ:k/ /g ɜ:l/
短元音：
/ɪ/ /ɪt/ /dɪd/ /pɪk/ /bɪt/
/ʊ/ /t ʊ k/ /f ʊt/ /b ʊk/ /g ʊd/
/ʌ/ /k ʌt/ /d ʌk/ /k ʌp/ /kʌm/
/ɒ/ /k ɒk/ /b ɒks/ /p ɒp/ /f ɒks/
/ə/ /kʌl ə/ /`ru:l ə/ /`m ʌðə/
/e/ /eg/ /es/ /ges/ /bed/
/æ/ /`æpl/ /b æk/ /b æg/ / æm/
双元音：
/eɪ/ / eɪt/ /w eɪt/ /s eɪ/ /h eɪ/
/aɪ/ /b aɪk/ /h aɪ/ /b aɪ/ /n aɪt/
/Ɔɪ/ /b Ɔɪ/ /t Ɔɪ/ /n Ɔɪz/
/ɪə/ /h ɪə/ /n ɪə / /t ɪə/ /m ɪə/
/eə/ /weə/ /k eə/ / heə/ /p eə/
/aʊ/ /haʊ/ /n aʊ/ /h aʊs/ /kaʊ/
/ʊə/ /tʊə/ /p ʊə/ /m ʊə/
/əʊ/ /n əʊ/ /b əʊt/ /h əʊm/ /k əʊt/
Ss: Practice carefully and then act out.
Step 3: Have a match about the writing.
III. Do some exercises:
Ss: Write down the 20 vowels on their papers.
T: Lead them to check and find the best students and praise them.
Sum up: Class, look at the Bb. Please remember the 20 vowels and try to make clear about the their sounds.
Homework: 1) Write down the 20 vowels.
2)Practice more about their sounds.
Summary: In this class , most of them have known the sounds and the differences between them. But some of them still need time to practice more.
Period 5
Contents: Go on to study 20 vowels and closed syllable and open syllables.
Teaching aims: 1) can learn 20 vowels correctly.
3) Can identify the rules correctly
Key points: The rules of the two syllables.
Difficulty: The rules of two syllables.
Teaching tools: Color chalk; papers.
Process:
I. Show them the teaching aims.
II .Go over the 20 vowels.
III. Begin the new lessons.
Step 1: Step1:warming-up :
Hello, boys and girls. We have known that sounds are divided into vowels and consonants .Meanwhile letters include vowel letters and consonantal letters.
Step 2:音节
1) 英语单词是由字母组成的。字母构成音节。有的单词包含一个音节，有的包含两个，三个或更多的音节，分别为单音节词和双音节词和多音节词。单音节词单独存在的时候，一般重读，不加重读符号。多音节和双音节词，都有一个读的较响亮的音节，即重读音节，由重音符号标示。
2) 音节的分类-----开音节，闭音节
开音节：以一个元音字母结尾，或在辅音字母后有一个辅音字母和一个不发音的e，这样的重读音节称为开音节。
闭音节：以一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节称为闭音节。
Step3.practice: 区分开音节和闭音节
观察元音字母在开闭音节的发音规律
take map
he desk
hi six
hole lot
cute bus
元音字母在开音节中发字母本身音。
Aa/eı/ Ee /i:/ Ii/aɪ/ Oo/əu/ Uu/ju:/
元音字母在闭音节中发短音。
Aa/æ/ Ee /e/ Ii/ɪ/ Oo/ʊ/ Uu/ʌ/
Eg: home big rice dog
go gate but cut
game cake bag five
box let hi do
Step4:Practice
根据规律读单词： 《伴学》P 6 & P 10
Sum up:
What have you learned this class? We’ve learned the open and closed syllables, please remember the rules.
Homework:
1) Recite the rulers and try to practice correctly.
2)Write the rules and remember them.
Summary:
In this class , some students have difficulty in understanding the two syllables. They need time to practice more.
Period 6
Contents: Go over 20 vowels.
Teaching aims: Can use the rules freely.
Key points: The sounds of the 20 vowels.
Difficulty: The rules of the spelling and reading.
Teaching methods: Practice more.
Teaching tools: Color chalk and papers.
Process:
I.Go over the 20 vowels.
T: Ask them to read the vowels and correct the mistakes.
II, Practice by doing exercises:
T: Lead them to do the exercises
Ss: Practice in groups and then act out.
II. Have a writing PK.
Sum up: Class, please look at the Bb. I hope you remember the rules, and try to use them freely.
Homework:
1) Practice in groups and pronounce correctly.
2)Write down the sounds,
Summary:
In this class, most of them have grasped the rules correctly. But some of them still practice more to use them rules correctly.