英语名著导读.doc
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1、Unit 2 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer选读作品导读汤姆索亚历险记是美国著名小说家马克吐温的代表作,发表于1876年。小说主人公汤姆索亚天真活泼,富于幻想和冒险,不堪忍受束缚个性,枯燥乏味的生活,幻想干一番英雄事业。小说通过主人公的冒险经历,对美国虚伪庸俗的社会习俗、伪善的宗教仪式和刻板陈腐的学校教育进行了讽刺和批判,以欢快的笔调描写了少年儿童自由活泼的心灵。汤姆索亚历险记以其浓厚的深具地方特色的幽默和对人物敏锐观察,一跃成为最伟大的儿童文学作品,也是一首美国“黄金时代”的田园牧歌。汤姆索亚历险记的姐妹篇是哈克贝利费恩历险记。汤姆索亚历险记是美国十九世纪文学大师马
2、克吐温的代表作,是世界文学宝库的一部杰出经典名著。汤姆索亚历险记描写了十九世纪密西西河畔一个小镇人民的生活,可以说是当时美国社会生活的一个缩影。从小说中我们可以了解到穷人和富人,教堂和学校,宗教与犯罪等当时美国生活的各个方面。作者马克吐温以满腔热情和真挚的爱为读者塑造了小主人公汤姆索亚和他的一群小伙伴。汤姆索亚是个成长中的孩子,他调皮,喜欢恶作剧,却又善良可爱乐于助人。他讨厌教堂里老师干巴巴的说教,他不喜欢整天在学校里干燥无味的生活,他向往成为绿林好汉,他希望加入海盗,过新鲜刺激的生活。他总在危险时刻,挺身而出,做出那些懦弱的“好孩子”,体面的“优秀生”无法做出的正义行为,展示出自己的魅力。名
3、著节选Tom Sawyer tried to cut the cupboard with the knife. Then, it was the time for him to dress up. First, he must wash his faces and hands in a tin basin of water. But Tom Sawyer didnt want to take the trouble to1 wash them. So he just poured out2 the water onto the ground. Then, Mary uncovered his
4、secret3 and he had to use soap to wash his faces again. This time, his faces were not pletely cleaned yet. The clean part was just like a mask4 on his face. Mary brushed his hair neatly and Tom Sawyer put on unhappily the suit of his clothes. With the efforts of his own cousin Mary, Tom had bee a di
5、fferent person. Finally, he got into his shoes.Then, they went to the Sunday school. Tom Sawyer hated the school very much. The school hours were from nine to half past ten and then church service. When the children came to the gate of the school, Tom Sawyer walked slower and asked another boy, “Bil
6、l, have you got a yellow ticket?” After they bargained5 for a while, they reached a deal6. Tom gave him a fishing hook and he got the yellow ticket from Bill. In the same way, he exchanged for some red tickets and some blue tickets.In this school, the teacher had set a rule7 to encourage the childre
7、n to recite the Bible: if he could recite two verses8, the teacher would give him one blue ticket; ten blue tickets were equal to one red ticket; ten red tickets could be exchanged for a yellow ticket; if anybody could get ten yellow tickets, the teacher would give him or her a new Bible. Getting th
8、e thick book was the greatest honor for the children. So many children were busy reciting every day. They just wanted to get a Bible. In Tom Sawyers memory, it was impossible to get a Bible. So he thought of an easy way. He exchanged his small things for cards in other childrens hands. In this way,
9、he got many cards.At the beginning of the class, the thirty-five-year-old teacher made a habitual9 speech. Tom Sawyer was playing with the boys around him. He pulled a boys hair and pinned another, but when they turned around, Tom just read the book carefully, but the children began to talk noisily
10、in the latter one third of the talk. Some children even began to fight.Suddenly, the room turned silent because some visitors came into the room. Three adults and one young girl entered. To Tom Sawyers surprise, the little girl was just the “angle”. Tom Sawyer thought of his meeting with the girl an
11、d the adventure in her garden. Among the visitors, the old man was somebody and all the teachers, men and women, made up to him in many different ways.Then it was the time to give prize to those children who had got ten yellow tickets. The room was quiet. Nobody had enough tickets. When hope was dea
12、d, Tom Sawyer stood up with nine yellow tickets, nine red ones and ten blue ones. Tom Sawyer stood in the front of the room, and all the children looked at him with eagerness. Then, the children all of a sudden realized that they were cheated by Tom Sawyer. The teacher didnt believe Tom Sawyer could
13、 get so many tickets, but the number of tickets was exact. The prize was given to Tom Sawyer and he was introduced to the old man.作者简介马克吐温(Mark Twain l8351910)美国作家。本名塞谬尔朗赫恩克莱门斯。马克吐温是其笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭,从小出外拜师学徒。当过排字工人,密西西比河水手、南军士兵,还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业,但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学。 马克吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,世界著名的
14、短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程,其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。 他的早期创作,如短篇小说竞选州长(1870)、哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋(1870)等,以幽默、诙谐的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质。 中期作品,如长篇小说镀金时代(1874,与华纳合写)、代表作长篇小说哈克贝里费恩历险记(1886)及傻瓜威尔逊(1893)等,则以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热,及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。哈克贝里费恩历险记通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事,不仅批
15、判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮,揭露私刑的毫无理性,而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧,谴责蓄奴制的罪恶,并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质,宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。作品文字清新有力,审视角度自然而独特,被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作。 19世纪末,随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段,马克吐温一些游记、杂文、政论,如赤道环行记(1897)、中篇小说败坏了哈德莱堡的人(1900)、神秘来客(1916)等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱,而绝望神秘情绪则有所伸长。 马克吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。马克吐温的写作风格:融幽默与讽刺一体,既富于独特的个人机智与妙语,又不乏深刻的
16、社会洞察与剖析,既是幽默辛辣的小说杰作,又是悲天悯人的严肃!阅读思考1. Why did Tom Sawyer pour out the water onto the ground?A. Because he found the floor was dry.B. Because he wanted to sweep the floor.C. Because he didnt want to wash his faces.D. Because his sister discovered his secret.2. According to the structure of the passage
17、, we can put the sentence “Do you know why?” at the end of _.A. the first paragraphB. the second paragraphC. the third paragraphD. the fourth paragraph3. Why did Tom Sawyer exchange for some tickets?A. Because he could play with the tickets.B. Because he couldnt go to school without them.C. Because
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