苏教版牛津英语八年级上unit8知识点整理复习.doc

初中英语八年级unit8 复习课
一、句子默写
1. 他每天拖一次地板。
He mops up the floor once a day.
2. 现在数百名学生正在我们学校参加考试。
Hundreds of students are taking exams in our school now.
3. 刚才那辆轿车撞到了墙上。
The car crashed into the wall just now.
4. 今天早上，在我们学校门口发生了一起事故。
An accident happened at our school gate this morning.
5. 我们热爱和平，我们不想引起战争。
We love peace and we don’t want to start a war.
6. 当我们初次与某人见面时通常握手。
We usually shake hands when we meet someone for the first time.
7. 当人们听到这个坏消息时，他们惊恐地看着对方。
When people heard the bad news, they looked at each other in fear.
8. 蝴蝶朝四面八方飞走了。
Butterflies flew away in all directions./in every direction.
9. 刚才有两只耗子从洞里跑出来。
Two mice ran out of the hole just now.
10. 他被困在那个岛上很长时间。
He was trapped on an island for a long time.
11. 那个女孩一直在哭，直到她妈妈回来才平静下来。
The girl kept crying. She didn’t calm down until her mother came back.
12. 我一点也不知道我叔叔的消息。
I didn’t know the information of my uncle at all.
13. 我听到有人在敲门。
I heard somebody knocking at the door.
14. 请听我的劝告。
Please follow my advice.
15. 大点声，否则我听不见你说话。
Speak louder, or I can’t hear you.
16. 我看到她打扫教室了。
I saw her clean the classroom.
17. 她用一张纸盖住了书。
She covered the book with a piece of paper.
18. 你介意把电视的声音调大吗？
Do you mind turning up the TV?

二、 知识点讲解
1. like与as的区别
Like与as都表示“像…”，但like是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不可接从句；而as为连词，后接从句。
Like every other students, Tom is bad at grammar.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
3. Since, as, because，for、三个词都表示因为，引导原因状语从句。
a. since表示稍加分析就得出来的双方都知道的原因，意为既然，也常为于句首。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
b. as引导的从句多放于句首，表示十分明显的原因，意为由于，鉴于
As you were not there, I left a message.
c. because引导的从句常位于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，常用于回答why引导的问句。
I was late because I was ill yesterday.
f. 表示“因为，由于”时，所说的理由是一种补充说明，且for连接的分句一般不放在句子开头。
I decided to stop and had lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.
13. across和through区别
（1）through：则表示从内部“穿过”、“通过”
I threw it through the window.
Is it quicker to drive round the town, or straight though the centre?
（2） across: 表示从物体表面“穿过”、“通过”,从一端到另一端，通常与go/walk连用
I can’t swim across the river. 我不能游到河对岸。
He went across the hall to the door. 他越过大厅到门口。

三、语法讲解
　过去进行时基本用法：
　　1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：
    What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
    I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
    I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
        2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
    When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.
        3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
    I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
        4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
 I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了

一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：
　　　 一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。
如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night.
汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
　 Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.
汤姆昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完，只是强调了动作的延续性）。

When，while，as的用法
①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；
while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如：
a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。
b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。
具体你可以参考这一段。
when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别
when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
⑤when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
A．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
a.When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
b.When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
⑥．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
a.When ／While ／As we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
b.When ／While ／As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打xx时，我正在写信。
当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
a. As the time went on，the weather got worse．（as表示“随着……”之意）
b. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases．随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
c. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
d. The little girls sang as they went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
e. The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying．伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
⑧在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
a. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
b. When the manager es here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had hardly（＝scarcely） done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．
a. I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
b. I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，xx就响了。

练习
( ) 1.I saw his brother ______ in the bedroom when I walked past.
A. to do his homework B. does his homework
C. doing his homework D. did his homework
( ) 2. –What made the farmers _______? -The snowstorm killed all of their animals.
A. sadly B. sadness C. sad D. was sad
( ) 3. There is a piece of glass on the road. Would you like ______ with me?
A. move it away B. move away it C. moving it away D. to move it away
( ) 4. The rain is ______ and the wind is _______.
A. heavy; strong B. heavily; hardly C. big; strong D. heavily; hard
( ) 5. Hurry up! ______ you will be late for school.
A. And B. Or C. But D. So
( ) 6. The boy turned back and looked at me_______.
A. in surprising B. in surprise C. in surprised D. with surprise
( ) 7. Simon got up very late this morning. So he went to school ________.
A. with a great hurry B. in a great hurry C. without hurry D. at great hurry
( ) 8. The teacher asked ________.
A. what they are talking about B. how long he studied here
C. where did he go D. what they were doing
( )9. Everyone wants_______ know________.
A. to, what to do B. /, what to do it C. to, how to do D. /, how to do it
( )10. I don’t think he is right, __________?
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. does he
( )11. It is dangerous_______ a car_____ a snowy day.
A. top drive, in B. to drive, on C. drive, in D. drive, on
( )12. Would you please_____ mistakes any more?
A. don’t make B. not to make C. not make D. to not make
( )13. _____ anybody hurt? No, everyone was OK.
A. Does B. Did C. Is D. Was
( )14. Is there_____ in today’s newspaper?
A. something new B. interesting something C. anything important D. new anything
( )15. There were_____ victims in the war.
A. five thousands B. thousands of C. six thousand of D. two thousands of