新版新目标英语八年级上册unit3知识点.doc

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
Section A
1. He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 than 比……（用于adj adv比较级之后）
当两个人或物进行比较时，要用adj比较级。比较级 + than表示比......更......。一般adj或adv比较级是
在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。

2. 反意疑问句: 在陈述句后附加一个简短问句，征询肯定或否定的意见，或者希望得到陈述句所说的得到
证实。
(1) 肯定陈述句＋否定提问　
Lily is a student, isn’t she? Lily will go to China, won’t she?
(2) 否定陈述句＋肯定提问
She doesn’t e from China, does she? You haven’t finished homework, have you?
(3)提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
(4)陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。
He knows little English, does he?　他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？

3. a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以+比较级

4. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。
...（not）as + adj或adv原级+ as... 原级比较，......和......(不) 一样
(1)...not as + adj或adv原级+ as... 表示双方在某个方面不同
His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好。
He doesn’t work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力。
(2)as + adj或adv原级+ as 表示双方在某个方面一样。
She is as tall as me. 她跟我一样高。 I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一样快。

5. work hard 动词短语 努力工作
hard work 名词短语 艰苦的工作
hard-working adj 勤劳的、努力工作的 比较级为more hard-working 更努力less hard-working不努力
6. beat win v 赢
(1) beat 打赢 战胜 +所战胜的对手
(2) win 赢得 战胜 ++比赛，奖品，竞赛，战争等名词
We played very well, and beat them. 我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。
They won the match this time. 这次他们赢了这场比赛。
7. have fun (in) doing sth做某事很有趣

Section B
1. be talented in 在...有天赋 talented adj 有才能的，有才干的
be talented in music 有音乐天赋

2.(1)care about关心；在意 care v
We should care about the old people.我们应该关心老年人。
(2)care for喜欢，关心 +名词或v-ing形式作宾语，take care of也有这个意思。
He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。
In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上，我们相互关心。
Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。
(3)care for照顾，照料=take care of或look after
At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。
You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.
The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.

3. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
make+ sb./ sth.+adj 让某人/某事怎样
Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。
His words make us happy. 他的话使我们感到很高兴。

4.laugh at sb. 嘲笑,笑话；取笑（某人） Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!
(1)  laugh 发笑 出声大笑 不但有面部表情，还有动作 声音，多指快乐、高兴
(2) smile 笑、微笑，无声的微笑 面部表情 怀好意、善意
smile at 向......微笑   
He who laughs last laughs best．谁笑在最后谁笑得最好。   
Don’t laugh at him．不要嘲笑他。    He smiles at me．他朝我微笑。

5.They’re both tall. 他们两个都是高个子。
(1)both adj./pron./adv. 两个都…… 用在be 动词 助动词 情态动词后，行为动词前
You are both too young./They both speak English.
(2) Both of …..+名词复数（复数谓语） Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。
Both of 接人称代词宾格或复数名词，接复数名词时of 可以省略
both…and…两者都…（复数谓语） 反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不…（谓语单复数按照就近原则）
(3) both 与 all
both 指两者 all指三者或三者以上
My parents are both fine. 我父母都好。 We are all here. 我们都在这儿。
(4) both A and B A和B 都... 既A又B
(5) neither 两者都不 both of/neither of 两者都/都不
They are both students.= Both of them are students.  他们两个都是学生。
Neither of them is a doctor. 他们两个都不是医生。

6. be like 像 like prep She is like her mother. 她长得像他妈妈。
like v 喜欢
like sth. 喜欢某物 like sb. 喜欢某人
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。
like diong sth. 喜欢做某事 (习惯性动作，爱好）

7.serious adj 严肃的；认真的；严重的
(1)be serious about sth. 对...很认真
He was serious about the matter. 他对那件事很认真。
(2) be serious with sb. 对某人要求严格
(3) nothing serious 没有什么严重的
There’s nothing much serious with you. 对你来说没那么严重。

8.It’s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. It’s+adj.+of sb .+ to do sth
It形式主语，to do sth.真正主语。做某事对某人来说怎么样
(1)表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式adj，easy, hard, difficult, interesting, importang,impossible 用 for
(2)表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的adj，good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right用 of
It's important for him to study English well.
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

9.as long as 只要；既然
You don’t need a lot of friends as long as they’re good.你不需要很多朋友，只要他们好就可以了。
(1) 只要 引导条件状语从句 You will get good gradess as long as you work hard.
(2) 既然 引导原因状语从句 As long as you want to stay at home, let’s play chess at home.

10.It’s necesssary for sb to do sth=It’s necessary that sb...
11. My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。
be the same as… 和……一样 反义词组be different from… 与.......不同的
My bike is different from yours.= My bike is not the same as yours. 我的系行车和你的不一样。
difference n 不同；不用之处 可做可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。
There is no difference between the twins.那对双胞胎长得一样。
There are some differences between Tom and Bob.

12. bring out使显现；使表现出 I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.
(1) 出版，生产 The pany will bring out the new book.
(2) bring out the best/worst in sb 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来

13. not as/so adj/adv as....=less adj/adv than... 不如，不及
14. if 是否 引导宾语从句 用于ask know wonder find out 等动词后
如果 引导条件状语从句 主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来

15. reach for伸手取某物 touch one’s heart感动某人
put one’s heart into sth 用全部精力做某事 take heart 鼓起勇气

16. break v 使破/裂碎 损坏 broke broken
break into 强行进入 break off 中断说话 break down 出故障
break one’s arm伤了胳膊

17.be similar to... 与......相似 (注意与 be the same as 区别)
My pen is similar to yours. 我的钢笔和你的相似。

18.need v 需要
need sth.需要…… Plant needs water.
need to do sth. 需要做…… You didn’t need to tell him the news，it just made him sad
need doing sth.=need to be done 需要被怎么样 Flowers need watering.
【拓展】need作情态动词，后+动词原形，必要，必须。need多用于疑问句，否定句或条件状语从句中。
You needn’t talk so loud. 你不必这么大声说话。

19. However 然而；但是，表转折关系，与but意义相同，但but一般谓语句首，而however比较正式，
可位于句首、句中或句末，且常用逗号隔开。
You didn’t finish your homework. You can, however, do it now.
你还没有完成家庭作业，但是现在你可以写了。

语法 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
(1)原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really
(2)比较级， 较…或更…（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B, of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；
(3)最高级，最…（三者或三者以上作比较），adj最高级前面要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来表
示比较的范围
2.比较级的用法
(1)用于两者之间比较
(2)adj(adv)比较级＋than＋…（连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、短语、动词不定式、ing结构和
ed结构）
(3)adj和adv比较级和最高级规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词
一般在词尾加-er或-est short shorter shortest
以不发音的e结尾，加-r或-st late later latest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时
先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest
fat fatter faattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词
先把“y”改为“i”，再加 -er或-est
funny funnier funniest
easy easier easiest early earlier earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或most；
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
outgoing more outgoing most outgoing
(4)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good（好的）well（健康的）
better
best
bad（坏的）ill（有病的）
worse
worst
old（老的）
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many（多的）
more
most
little（少的）
less
least
far（远的）
farther/further
farthest/furthest
3. 形容词比较级的常见用法
(1)两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than
Tom is taller than John
(2)Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ?
Which is easier, maths or English?
(3)能修饰比较级的副词：much(…的多)、 a lot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、a bit(…一点儿)
This city is much more beautiful than that one
Today is even hotter than yesterday.
(4)… is the +比较级 + of the two.
Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是这两个男孩中最高
(5)…数量 + 比较级 than …
My father is three years older than my mother.
(6)比较级+ and + 比较级，越来越…
Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热
(7)The + 比较级…，the + 比较级… 越…，就越…
The more , the better. 越多越好。