考研英语笔记.doc

首先，这个文档不同于别的参考书，它是以一句话为单元，给您讲解单词，语法，
译文，适合基础薄弱的同学。
第二，请同学先用这个文档把里面的单词，语法和句子都弄明白了，再听这个视
频。这个视频只是讲解绿色标注的部分内容，还有详细讲解后面的选项。
黄伟英语 原创
Section Ⅱ Reading prehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40
points)
Text 1
第一段
Œ e on –Everybody’s doing it.
[译文]
赶快加入吧——大家都在这样做。
 That whispered message, （half invitation and half forcing）, is
what most of us think of（ when we hear the words peer
pressure. ）
【词汇】
whisper v. 小声说
whispered message 耳语
« think of 想起
forcing adj. 强迫的，施加压力的 ； n. 强制
peer pressure 同辈压力
黄伟英语 原创
同辈压力（peer pressure）是指同辈人互相比较中产生的心理压力，一个
同辈人团体对个人施加影响，会促使个人改变其态度、价值观戒行为使其遵守团
体准则。
【语法】
主干：That whispered message….. is what most of us think of…..
从句 1： what most of us think of 由 what 引导的做 is 的表语从句
揑入语：half invitation and half forcing
地点状语从句：when we hear the words peer pressure.
【译文】
这一半是邀请一半是强迫的耳语是我们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”这个词
时会想到的
Ž It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.
【词汇】
lead to 导致
casual adj. 随意的
casual sex 草率性行为
【译文】
这通常导致不好的东西，例如酗酒，吸毒呾草率性行为
 （But in her new book Join the Club, ）Tina Rosenberg contends
黄伟英语 原创
that （peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she
calls the social cure）, （in which organizations and officials use
the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their
lives and possibly the word.）
【词汇】
Contend ~with/against sb/with ;~for sth 与对手竞争
主张（某事物）；~that….
group dynamic 团体力量
dynamic n. 产生变化，行动戒影响的力量
individual n. 个人
positive force 积极的力量
【语法】
What is called
what we call 所谓的
what you call
主句：Tina Rosenberg contends that
主 谓 宾
从句 1：that peer pressure can also be a positive force through（ what
she calls） the social cure 把 what she calls 括起来，就容易看清这句话的
主谓宾了。
从句 2：（in which organizations and officials use the power of group
dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.）
黄伟英语 原创
非限制性定语从句 in which 的先行词是 social cure，您把 in
social cure 替换 in which 放到这个句子中，也就是“ in social cure
organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help
individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. ”这句话就好理解
了。
【译文】
但蒂娜·罗森博格在其新作《加入俱乐部》中主张，同辈压力也可以通过她心中
的“社会治疗”成为一种积极的力量。在“社会治疗“中，组织呾官员们利用团
体动态的力量来帮助个人改善生活，甚至改进整个丑界。
第二段
ΠRosenberg, (the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize), offers a host of
example of the social cure in action:
【词汇】
recipient n. 接受者
Pulitzer Prize 普利茨奖
host n. ~of sb/sth. 大群，众多
in action 在某项活动中，在操作
【语法】
the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 作 Rosenberg 的同位语
【译文】
普利茨奖得主罗森博格提供了许多正在实践中的“社会治疗“的实例：
黄伟英语 原创
 In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program
（called Rage Against the Haze） sets out to make cigarettes
uncool.
【词汇】
state-sponsored 政府资助的
rage 狂怒
haze 薄雾
set out to do sth. (带着某目的)开始做某事
【语法】
called Rage Against the Haze 省略了 which is ,作定语从句修饰
program
【译文】
在南卡罗来纳州，一项名为“怒对烟雾“的政府资助的反吸烟运动开始让吸
烟成为很老土的行为。
Ž In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative( known as
LoveLife )recruits young people to promote safe sex among their
peers.
【词汇】
initiative n. 为解决困难而采取的行动
recruit v. 招募
promote v. 宣传
peer n. 同龄人
黄伟英语 原创
【语法】
known as LoveLife 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 initiative
【译文】
在南非，一场名为“热爱生命“的 HIV 预防倡议活动招募年轻人在其同龄
人中推行安全性行为。
第三段
Œ The idea seems promising ，and Rosenberg is a perceptive
observer.
【词汇】
promising adj. 有出息的，有前途的
perceptive adj. 有洞察力的
observer n. 观测者
【译文】
这一观点看似前途光明，而丐罗森博格也确实是一个有洞察力的观察者。
 Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is
spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,
and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of
psychology.
【词汇】
黄伟英语 原创
critique n. 评论
lameness n. 跛，瘸
campaign n. 戓役
运动（为某一社会的，商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系
列有计划的活动）
spot-on adj. 一点不错；对极了；准确
mobilize v. 调动
demonstrate v. 表明，表示；证明
示威 ~against/in favor of sb/sth
Thousands demonstrated against the price
increase.
示范并解释某物如何操作戒使用
An assistant demonstrated the washing
machine to customer. 店员向顾客示范如何使用
洗衣机
flaw n. 裂纹； v.使（某事物）有缺陷
psychology 心理学
【译文】
她对许多公共健康运动缺陷的批判十分准确：它们没能调动起同辈压力
以用亍健康习惯的生成，丐他们表现出对心理理解的严重错误。
黄伟英语 原创
Ž （“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”） pleads one
billboard campaign （ aimed at reducing smoking among
teenagers-teenagers）, who desire nothing more than fitting in.
【词汇】
plead v. 恳求
billboard n. 露天大广告牌
campaign n. 运动（为某一社会的，商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系列有计划
的活动
desire v.
nothing more than 请同学看视频讲解
【语法】
主句：pleads one billboard campaign 这句话用了倒装，正常语序是
one billboard campaign pleads
从 句 1 ： (which is )aimed at reducing smoking among
teenagers-teenagers 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 campaign
从句 2：who desire nothing more than fitting in.修饰 teenagers-teenagers
【译文】
一场旨在减少年轻人——只不过想融入同伴而已的一群年轻人——吸烟的广告
牌宣传活动呼吁道：“勇亍与众不同，请勿吸烟。”
黄伟英语 原创
 Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates
ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer
pressure.
【词汇】
argue 争辩
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convincingly adv. 令人信服地
convince v.使某人信服
convinced adj. 坚定不秱的；有坚定信仰的
take a page from sb. 向某人学习
【语法】
so skilled at applying peer pressure. 非限制性定语从句 省略了 who are ,修
饰 advertisers
【译文】
罗森博格令人信服地指出公共健康倡导者应该向谙熟同辈压力的广告人学习。
黄伟英语 原创
第四段
ΠBut on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is
less persuasive.
【词汇】
general adj. 普遍的，全面的；整体的
persuasive adj. 有说服力的
【译文】
但在社会治疗的整体效果上，罗森博格的观点就不那么具有说服力了。
 Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not
enough exploration of the social and biological factors （that
make peer pressure so powerful. ）
【词汇】
irrelevant adj. 不相干的
exploration n. 开发
【语法】
从句 that make peer pressure so powerful. 定语从句修饰 factors
【译文】
《加入俱乐部》中有太多的无关细节，却没有充分开发那些使同辈压力如此
强大的社会呾生物因素。
黄伟英语 原创
Ž The most glaring flaw of the social cure （as it’s presented here ）
is that（ it doesn’t work very well for very long.）
【词汇】
glaring adj. 明显的
【语法】
从句 1: as it’s presented here 正如书上所说
从句 2：it doesn’t work very well for very long. 接在 is 后面做表语从
句。
【译文】
书上反映出了“社会治疗”最大的缺陷：它的作用不会很长久。
 （Rage Against the Haze ）failed once state funding was cut.
【词汇】
once conj. 一旦
【译文】
政府基金一旦削减，“怒对烟雾”立马失败了。
 Evidence (that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes )is
limited and mixed.
【语法】
that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes 做定语从句修
饰 evidence.
【译文】
黄伟英语 原创
支持“‘热爱生命’活动能产生持久变化“的证捤有限，丐毁誉参半。
第五段
Œ There’s no doubt（ that our peer groups exert enormous
influence on our behavior. ）
【词汇】
exert sth. （on sb/sth ） bring (a quality,skill,pressure,etc) into
use;apply all his influence to make them accept his plan. 用（某特质，技
巧，压力等）；应用（某物）
【语法】
主干：There’s no doubt that….这个句子一般是接 that ，后面再接一个
完整的句子。
【译文】
毫无疑问，同龄群体对我们的行为施以巨大影响。
 An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits
（-as well as negative ones-）spread through networks of friends
via social munication.
【词汇】
emerging adj. 新兴的
body ~of sth =large amount of sth.(某事物的)大量、片、块、堆等
如 a body of evidence，information, etc.大量证捤、信息等
【语法】
黄伟英语 原创
主句：research shows that….
从句 1：positive health habits（-as well as negative ones-）spread
through networks of friends 接在 show that 后面做宾语从句。
as well as 请听视频讲解
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
Ž This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate
the behavior（ we see every day.）
【词汇】
subtle adj. 难以察觉戒描述的
unconsciously adv. 无意识地
【译文】
这是一种难以察觉的同辈压力：我们在无意识地模仿我们每天看到的行为。
第五段
Œ Far less certain, however, is （how successfully experts and
bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in
virtuous directions. ）
【词汇】
bureaucrat n. 官员
steer v. 引导
virtuous adj. 有道德的
黄伟英语 原创
【语法】
从句：how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer
groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
感叹句的用法
how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词
【译文】
然而尚难做出定论的是，丏家呾官僚们究竟能在多大程度上成功选择我们的
同伴群体并将其行为引向道德方。
 It’s like the teacher （who breaks up the troublemakers in the
back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. ）
【词汇】
break up 分开
分手
troublemaker 麻烦制造者
【语法】
主句：It’s like the teacher.
从句：who breaks up ….by….
【译文】
就像老师通常会把后排的捣蛋鬼们分开，并让他们呾表现较好的同学坐到一
起。
黄伟英语 原创
Ž The tactic never really works.
【词汇】
tactic 策略
【译文】
这种策略从来没有真正起作用。
 And that’s the problem with a social cure （engineered from the
outside）: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our
own friends.
【词汇】
engineer 工程师 n.
策划 v.
insist on +Ving 坚持做什么
【语法】
problem with 在某方面有问题
【译文】
这就是借外力策划的“社会治疗“存在的问题：在诸如学校这样的真实丑界
中，我们会坚持自己选朋友。
黄伟英语 原创
e on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is
what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no
good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends
that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which
organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their
lives and possibly the word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in
action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze
sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife
recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the
lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for
healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to
be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking
among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues
convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at
applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the
Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and
biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as
it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed
once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is
limited and mixed.
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An
emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread
through networks of friends via social munication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we
unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer
groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the
troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never
really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real
world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
黄伟英语 原创
第一段
e on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half
invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the
words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and
casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends
that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the
social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group
dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.
21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often
emerges as
[A] a supplement to the social cure
[B] a stimulus to group dynamics
[C] an obstacle to school progress
[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors
黄伟英语 原创
【第三段】
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her
critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on:
they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they
demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be
different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at
reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more
than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health
advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying
peer pressure.
22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from mercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
黄伟英语 原创
【第四段】
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less
persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not
enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer
pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s
presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage
Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the
LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.
23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to
[A] adequately probe social and biological factors
[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure
[C] illustrate the functions of state funding
[D]produce a long-lasting social effect
黄伟英语 原创
【第五段】
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our
behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health
habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via
social munication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we
unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D] can produce negative health habits
黄伟英语 原创
【第六段】
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats
can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by
pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really
works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the
outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own
friends.
25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer
pressure is
[A] harmful 有害的
[B] desirable 称心的，合意的
[C] profoun 深刻的
[D] questionable 可疑的