考研英语作文指导.doc

考研写作笔记
整理版
一写作概述
1. 写作题型
大作文
小作文
2.评分原则
卷面工整：
语言第一：单词语法正确准确多变
结构第二：三段乐，多用逻辑代词
内容第三：
二写作的满分表达
一简单句
1被动句
我们、人们、很多人、越来越多的人等人称代词做主语都可以改写成被动句。
例句：
1.parents should be respected by us.
Should: ought to be supposed to be obliged to
Us： the public private individuals teenagers and youngsters Experts and professor all children and adults All men and women
2.superstars should not be pursued blindly by us .
Not: never seldom by no means fail to
3.Confidence is taught very important by all children.
Children : kids offspring
Think: hold argue contend assert claim assume presume insist maintain be of the opinion that have been convinced that cling to
Very: pretty quite rather distinctly outstandingly remarkably exceedingly especially extraordinary enormously
Important : vital essential crucial critical consequence Indispensable significant be of great significance Play an essential role in something /our daily life
本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句引出中心。
2 there be 句型
推荐句型：
1.there is strong evidence to show that
2.there is a growing worldwide awareness around the world that
3.there is absolutely no reason for us to believe that a bright future for the world is an impossibility
4.there is little doubt that
5.there are those who claim that
例句：
There are many reason to explain the phenomenon.
Be: look smell taste feel sound became get seem prove appear exist keep remain
Many : a sea of a host of a multitude of a army of Immerse amounts of numerous abundant plentiful
Causes: factors elements
Phenomenon: problem issue current situation
Explain : account for lead to give rise to contribute to be responsible for
本句型推荐写在第二段的第一句话，或第三段的最后一句话。
3比较结构
1.As…as…句型
句型：As +adj/adv +as+比较对象
例句：
1.I keep as beautiful as a red rose ,which can take breath of a sea of people .
2.English is an essential as air and water ,which play a key role in our daily life.
3.Pollution keeps as serious as the cancer ,which can threaten parents health or even take their live away.
本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句，或第三段第一句。
2.The more…，the more….句型
句型：the +adj/adv（比较）+句子，the +adj/adv（比 较）+句子.
例句：
1.The higher one climbs,the farther he will look.
2.The harder all children and adults keep,the more fortunate they will became.
3.The more confident we are,the easily they will achieve success.
4.The more frequently culture is municates,the faster economy will develop.
本句型推荐写在第二段分析原因。
二并列句
1 and/but句型
And: likewise similarly equally at the meanwhile at the same time
But : conversely by contrast on the contrary contrarily unexpectedly unfortunately nevertheless
例句：
1.in the former picture ,the flower in the room is growing healthily.on the contrary,in the latter one ,it is dying.
2.in the picture ,the eldest son is kicking out his father .meanwhile,other there kids are refusing the senior citizen.
Picture: cartoon drawing painting caricature photograph
本句型推荐写在第一段描述俩幅图或一幅图。
2 Not only …but also …句型
例句：
1.keeping pats not only can reduce loneliness but also can bring happiness for senior citizen.
2.Respecting parents not only keeps the Chinese conventional virtue but also prove duty of their offspring .
3.The pollution not only makes children and adults lost the blue sky but also makes them lost fresh air.
Make/have/get somebody do something. Enable somebody to do something.
本句型推荐写在第二段分析原因使用。
描述图画的分类：
一、一幅图
1.1个主题2个动作；
2.2个主题2个动作；
二、二幅图
三复合句
1 主语从句
句型：it is… that…
It is mon knowledge that /it is my belief that/It is self-evident that /it has been found that /it is beyond dispute that /it is universally acknowledged that/it has been widely accepted that /it is generally agreed that
更好的主语从句的变体：what+is +that （主（主语从句）系表）；
万能表语：that you never fail to fascinate me is obvious.
例句:
What is worse is that i forget my book.
本句型推荐任意一句话前，拉长句子，一次即可；
第一段的第一句话前，引出描述图画。
2同位语和同位语
一、名词的同位语
例句：
A.my boyfriend ,a rich businessman ,really has no much time to acpany me ,a university student.
B.environmental pollution,a problem threaten human’s existence,has became increasingly serious.
C.a man ,a crazy fan ,is writing the name ,the symbol of some one ,of B.A superstar in Britain,on his face,some part of the body.
本句型推荐写在在文中出现名词，或图加名词作为同谓语，同谓语前后用“，”隔开。
二、同位语从句的表达
例句：
1.The evidence that she has a pair of big eyes manifests that she looks like a beauty.
2.The evidence that sea of girls wear dress manifests that summer is ing.
3.The evidence that abusing phones affects munication of families manifest that the current situation became increasingly serious.
Serious: severe grave fearful be of great severity
本句推荐写在第二段分析原因。
3.定语和定语从句
一定语的成分
1.形容词修饰名词；2.介词短语修饰名词；3.名词修饰名词；4.非谓语修饰名词；5.从句句子修饰名词。
二定语的位置
当一个词修饰名词通常放在前面，当俩个以上修饰时放在定语后；但是，如果是过去分词修饰名词即使是一个词也放在名词之后。
三定语在文中的作用
只要在文中出现名词，都可以试图加定语，拉长句子；但是，在第一段描述图画的时候，只要见到名词就要加定语，使语言生动。
例句：
1.An American girl cute as well as graceful is wearing Chinese of the minority which seem exceeding popular in north of china.
2.Immerse amounts of graduates who fail to have goals/standing on the road are facing four choices including hunting for jobs and going aboard.
3.The hot pot / something not only delicious also nutrition is full of a host of cultures from china and western nations .
万能定语：
1.好的
cute/lovely/little/graceful/elegant/confident/energetic/enthusiastic/passionate/who looks distinctly impressive to the reader
2.坏的
Fat/cruel/ugly/negative/dispassionate/terrible/disgusting/who looks less impressive to the readers
四定语从句的满分表达
在整个句子的定语从句和句子前要用“，”隔开。
例句：He proves a lady killer which seems beyond dispute.
Which可以修饰引导前面：which leaves us a deep impress/which provokes public’s widespread concerns /which brings us the unnecessary trouble/which gives rise to dreadful consequence.
4. 状语和状语从句
一何为状语
副词；时间；地点；原因；条件（if）；方式(by,through,as,as if ,as through);让步（although,while）；伴随（to）；目的（in order to）；结果（so that）。
二定语的位置
为插入语最；在主谓之间作；首或句末放；但通常在句；状语位置灵活。
三状语在文中的使用
作文的任何一句话都可，以加状语拉长句子。
例句：I love you for my whole life .
描述图画的万能状语：in the center of vivid picture.
四描述原因的万能状语（主谓之间，插入语）
as everyone can see it /with the rapid advance of science and technology/in our contemporary society/in the general routine of everyday living/throughout the whole world./although quite a few of adults fail to focus on it.
例句：Pets,although quite a few of adults fail to focus on it,will pollute the environment of our homes.
Focus on :pour attention into ;attach great importance to
四状语从句的满分表达
1.让步状语从句（although）
例句：pursuing stars will waste the time of their fans although they keep exceedingly /kind/although their singing sounds enormously touching.
本句型推荐写在任何一个陈述句旁边，或第二段描述短原因。
2.So …that… 句型
该句型就是替换“very”的一个句型，只要在文中出现形容词或副词就能用so that ,写成倒装句更佳。
例句：Something is so significant /fearful that it is time to pay much attention to the issue.
本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句，或第三段第一句引出主题。
3.分词做状语
把分词写在主谓之间，作为插入语使用。
模板：somebody(定语，同位语)，doing something (次要)+定语/状语，is doing something (主要)+宾语/状语。
例句：I,hating you ,will kill you .
本句型推荐写在第一段描述一幅图一个主体俩个动作。
四英语特殊结构
1.插入语
用在主谓之间，用“，”或“—”隔开。
万能插入语：needless to say(不用说)，in one’s judgment,to one’s knowledge,strictly,to tell me truth,to put it in another way,i am sure, as i see it ,as we all know
本句型用在主谓之间第一段最后一句，或第二段和第三段第一句。
2.双重否定
万能用法：never fail to/nothing but /cannot have failed to do something/it is not beyond dispute that /it is not impossible to do/there is hardly a man or a woman in China who does not desire to have a happy life ./there never fail to prove many reason to explain
本句型推荐写在第三段具体措施。
3.修辞
比喻：something to 人as precious sunshine is creatures throughout the world ;something seems to 人as senior earthquakes are to helpless natives.
例句：
1.as the clear sky is to flying larks .
2.as solid fundamental is to skyscrapers.
排比：we were in the midst of shock—but we acted .we acted quickly ,boldly ,decisively. (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
本句型推荐写在第三段最后一句，喊口号。
4.强调句
句型：it is…that…
例句:
1.I met my old flame in the street yesterday .
2.It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street .
本句型推荐用在任何位置，强调句强调状语最佳。
5.虚拟语气
把不虚拟的变成虚拟的句子只需把已经写好的时态变成过去式就完成了。
例句：
1.if you are a tear in my eyes ,i will never shed it .
2.if you were a tear in my eyes ,i would never shed it .
3.If you travel to a remote place ,i will close all my windows.
4.If you traveled to a remote place ,i wound close all my windows.
5.If every person is busy pursuing stars ,he will be confronted with a dim and gloomy future.
6.If every person were busy pursuing stars ,he wound be confronted with a dim and gloomy future.
本句型推荐写在第二段最后一个原因，反面论证。
6. 倒装句
1.否定词放在句首倒装
例句：
1.I am never a woman tough and outgoing.Never am i a woman tough and outgoing.
2.Not only does keeps respecting parents keep a Chinese.
2.So that 倒装
本句型只要把so引导的部分放在句首即可。
例句：So significant is something that it is time to pay much attention to the issue .
三段落
一、段落写作原则
二、段落论述方式
在写作过程中如果可以用中文表述，可用以下句型：The more…,the more… ;not only… ,but also… ;the evidence that… ；although… ;if…。
如果三个原因短，可用非限制性定语从句；或用定语、状语加长。
1.定义/解释法
本方法如果确定使用，一定用在第一、二个理由。
模板：something（中心词） is something（解释（下）） which means that+三个并列的简单句+when引导的时间状语从句。
解释：a Chinese conventional virtue /a severe global issue /a pervasive social trend /an active /negative mentality /a hot social topic
例句：
1.a beauty is a woman who has long hair ,who has a pair of big eyes and who has a sexy figure.
2.Respecting parents is a Chinese conventional virtue which means that we often acpany them ,we cook meal for them and we wash clothes for them when they became older.
3.A pursuing stars is a hot social topic which means that them at the airport when we fall in love with them.
2.引用名人名言法
Once,there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in Japan,who named_____,starting that:as as句型/so that句型，可用倒装/比喻/虚拟语气
3.举例法
一举小例子（复数名词或抽象名词后）
例句：
1.I love men such as +人名
2.I enjoy reading famous books such as…
二举大例子
注意：
A、一定要使用自己那准的词、语法；
B、句子和句子之间多用逻辑关系词；
C、举例都用一般过去式；
D、用虚拟语气总结。
例句：although as abundant cases can supporting my simple view ,the following one is most favorable .the other one,i was ill but nobody took care of me .at the moment ,a cook /teacher came into give me bread .then i recover /became well.the story ,as a consequence ,tells us a truth that if…
四作文
一、大作文（图画作文）
1.第一段写法：描述图画+寓意表达（中心）（3-4句）
第一二句话：用主语从句引出描述图画(what,that)
A. 一个图一个主体俩个动作
例句：in the easy and simple cartoon ,sb.(定语或同位语),doing sth.（次要动作）,is doing sth.（主要动作）（定语或状语）。
B.一个图俩个主体俩个动作
例句：in the easy and simple cartoon ,sb.(定语或同位语)is doing sth.,and （but）sb2（定语或同位语）is doing sth2.（定语或状语）。
C.俩个图
例句：in the former cartoon ,sb.(定语或同位语、插入语)is doing sth.（定语或状语）；in the latter one ,sb2.(定语或同位语、插入语)is doing sth2.（定语或状语）。
第三句话：引出寓意的过渡句
例句：1.the story that…indicate that …
2. the picture reflect a thought … Provoking social phenomenon…
3.The message conveyed in the picture seems to be that …
第四句话：寓意表达
We should (never)to do Sth. is very important (serious/severe)
推荐句型：1.被动句；2.as… as句型；3.so that句型；4.比喻句。
加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句
2.第二段写法：原因分析、举例（4-5句话）
1.原因分析：（4-5句话）
第一句话：引出原因的综述句
推荐句型：1.there be句；2.句型：on the surface of it ,this may seem to be ridiculous(attractive /funny/just a popular phenomenon),but if thinking again ,we would point out some reasons.；3.加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句。
第二三四五句话：具体的原因分析
首先（first and foremost/the main element for the picture is that ）；其次（in addition/what is more ）；最后（as a consequence /last but not least）。
3.第三段写法
第一句话：总结句
第二三句话：具体措施
第一措施：cannot have failed to do sth.
第二措施：虚拟语气（it is quite necessary/urgent/essential that we ,as university student currently,should to do sth. ）
推荐句型：1.排比句；2.as… as句型；3.so that句型；4.比喻句。
加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句
第四句话：口号
推荐句型：1.there be ;2..罗斯福。
二、 小作文（书信）
1.称呼：
文中已给出：dear +主
文中未给出：dear sir or madam /dear Mr president
2.第一段：自我介绍+写作目的
1. 自我介绍
文中已给出：
文中未给出：社会人员、大学生
例句：1.I am staff in a university .
2.I am senior from the department of…art/physical /dancing in a university .
2. 写作目的
To be frank ,i am writing the letter in order to
3.第二段：应用文
注意：语言简洁、多用连词
4.第三段：（俩句）
5.落款：
文中已要求：一句话写出文中要求的内容
文中未要求：表示感谢+期待回信