Unit-5-What-are-the-shirts-made-of知识点整理知识点整理.doc

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?
语法
一般现在时的被动语态
1.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　
　Cats 　eat 　fish. (主动语态）

Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)
2.一般现在时的标志词
一般现在时常与often(经常),usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,等频度副词连用，它们在句中的位置是实前系后情助后。另外every day,every morning,等，也是一般现在时的信息标志词。它们通常放在句首或句末。
3.一般现在时分为主动语态和被动语态：
4.一般现在时主动语态的构成：
一般现在时主动语态可以分成两类:一类是带be的，另一类是带实义动词的。
带be的各种句式的构成
(1)肯定句的构成是：主语+ is/am/ are +其他 She is a student.
(2)否定句的构成是：主语+is/am/are + not +其他 She isn’t a student.
(3)一般疑问句的构成是：Is/Am/Are+主语+其他? Is she a student?
肯定回答是：Yes，主语+is/am/are Yes,she is.
否定回答是：No，主语+is/am/are +not No,she isn’t
(4)特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词+ is/am/are+主语+其他？
She is a student?What is she?
带实义动词的各种句式的构成
(1)肯定句的构成是:主语+ 动词原形/三单+其他
Chinese people speak Chinese.
(2)否定句的构成是:主语+ don’t/doesn’t +动词原形+其他
Chinese people don’t speak Chinese.
(3)一般疑问句的构成是:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?
Do Chinese people speak Chinese? Yes,they do.No,they don’t
肯定回答是:Yes,主语+do/does.
否定回答是:No,主语+don’t/doesn’t
(4)特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词+ do/does +主语+动词原形+其他?？
Chinese people speak Chinese. What language do Chinese people speak?
5.一般现在时被动语态的构成：主语+is/am/are+动词过去分词+by短语+其他
Chinese is spoken by Chinese people.
(1)否定句的构成是: 主语+is/am/are+not+动词过去分词+by短语+其他
Chinese isn’t spoken by Chinese people.
(2)一般疑问句的构成是: Is/Am/Are+主语+动词过去分词+by短语+其他
Is Chinese spoken by Chinese people.Yes,it is.No,it isn’t
肯定回答是：Yes，主语+is/am/are
否定回答是：No，主语+is/am/are +not
(3)特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词+ is/am/are+主语+动词过去分词+by短语+其他
Chinese is spoken by Chinese people.
Who is Chinese spoken by?
(1)People use stamps for sending letters.(改为被动语态)
Stamps for sending letters by people.
(2)We use a recorder in our English class.(改为被动语态)
A recorder in our English class by .
(3)One of the classroom is often cleaned.(改为否定句)
One of the classroom often .
(4)This kind of paper is made of wood.(就画线部分提问)
this kind of paper of?
(5)This orphan is taken care of by an old lady.(改为一般疑问句)
this orphan care of by an old lady?
(6)—Is it used for cutting things?— .
A.Yes,it is B.No,it is C.Yes,it isn’t D.No,it used
(7) This kind of bike in Suzhou.
A. is made 　　　B. makes　　　C. is making 　　D. made
(8)___________ tea plants grown in Hangzhou?
A. Do　B. Did　C. Is　D. Are
(9)English is used most people in the world.
A. for B.as C.by D.to
(10)New computers all over the world.
A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used
Section A
1.由be made构成的短语：
(1)be made from意为“由……（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；
Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from grapes.
(2)be made of意为“由……（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
The desk is made of wood. The shoes are made of cloth.
(3)be made in+地点意思是“在……（地点）被制造”，介词in后接产地。
This kind of computer is made in the USA．
This printing machine was made in Beijing.
(4)be made by+某人意思是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。
This model ship is made by Uncle Wang.
(1)This kite paper.
(2)Paper wood.
(3)The machines the workers.
(4)The cake eggs and flour.
(5)The old bridge stone.
(6)This kind of drink apple.
(7)This kind of watch Shanghai.
(8)My sweater wool.
2.leaf为可数名词，意为“叶子”，复数形式是 leaves。
shelf-shelves(架子) thief-thieves(小偷) knife-knives（刀） life-lives(生命)
wife-wives(妻子)
3.famous是形容词，意为“著名的，有名的”同义词是known，反义词是unknown
(1)be famous for=be known for“因……而出名”
China is famous for the Great Wall.
(2)be famous as=be known as“作为……而出名”
Michael Jackson is famous as a singer.
(1)We’ll have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant,which is famous its seafood.
A.of B.to C.for D.as
(2)Lu Xun(鲁迅)was famous ______ a writer.
A. for       　B. as         　　　C. of          D. with
4.区分like/such as和 for example
(1)like做介词，意为“像……”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后面不能有逗号，相当于 such as
There are many kinds of fruit in the supermarket,like /such as apples,bananas and pears.
(2)for example意为“例如”，列举同类人或物中的一个例子，其后要用逗号隔开。
I’d like to keep a pet,for example, a cat.
(1)Many heroes are ready to help others,Lei Feng, .
A.such as B. like C. for example D. example
(2) Many girls like red, Ann and Lucy.
A. that is B.for example C. namely D. such as
5.widely是副词，意为“广泛地，普遍地”，修饰动词。
English is widely used in the world.
6.as far as I know意为“据我所知”。其中作从属连词，as far as意为“就……来说”，引导状语从句，强调程度或范围。
As far as I know,he has been abroad.
7.grow意为“种植”或“生长”。过去式和过去分词是grew,grown.短语grow up意为“长大”
They’re growing rice.
I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
8.by hand意为“用手”The shoes are made by hand.
This pair of shoes hand,and it very comfortable.
A.is made with;is felt B.are made from;is felt
C.are made of;feels. D.is made by;feels
9. It seems/seemed that…意为“似乎是……”(相当于“从句的主语+seem+to do”)
It seemed that he would never be able to work out the question.
It seems that he is right=He seems to be right.
that they haven’t known the news.
A.It seems BIt seemed C.They seem D.They seemed
10.all over the world=around the world意为“全世界，世界各地”
Our friends are all over the world.
11.与good相关的常见搭配
(1)be good at意为“擅长” =do well in I am good at math.=I do well in math.
(2)be good for 意为“对…有益” 反义词组是be bad for “对……有害处”
Swimming is good for our health.
(3)be good to意为“对…好” ＝be friendly to sb=be kind to sb
She is good to us.
Miss Read is good ____music．She can be good with children in the music club.
A.at, B.with C.for D.to
12.both…and…意为“……和……两者都”，其否定短语是意为neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，同义词组是not only…but also…“不但……而且……”
Both he and I are from Beijing.=Not only he but also I am from Beijing.
Neither he nor I am from Beijing.
—I hear your grandpa your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.
—Right,just as many old people do in our city.
A.both;and B.either;or C.neigher;nor D.not only;but also
13.no matter what=whatever意为“无论什么”
No matter what you say,I won’t believe you.
14.find+it+形容词+(for sb) to do sth意为“发现做某事对某人来说怎么样”it是形式宾语，to do sth是真正的宾语
I found it very difficult to learn how to drive.
We find necessary to protect the earth.
A.it B. this C. that D. what
15.find sb doing sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”
I found her standing at the door.
16. would like“想要”= want后面接三种形式
(1)would like sth“想要某物” I’d like some dumplings.
(2)would like to do sth“想要做某事” They’d like to play football after school.
(3)would like sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事”
She’d like me to go shopping with her.
(1)I’d like them _____（stay）for dinner with us.
(2)They want some green tea.（同义句）
They _____ ______ _____ green tea.
(3)My brother would like______ a friend of ______.
A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his
17.hardly是否定词，意为“几乎不”。
Speak aloud,please! I can hear you.
A.usually B.almost C.hardly D.nearly
18. by的用法
(1)by表示移动方向，意为“经过”。
My mother goes by the building every day.
(2)by+交通工具，“乘……”I go to school by bike.
(3)by表示位置，意为“在……旁”Jim sat down by the window.
(4)by表示时间，意为“不迟于”I have to go to bed by ten o’clock.
(5)by表示方式及手段，意为“通过，靠”
Jackson studied Chinese by listening to tapes.
19.be allowed to do sth 意为“被允许做某事”。其否定形式为be not allowed to do sth意为“不被允许做某事”
Passengers are not allowed to smoke.
Girl students in some schools are not allowed long hair.
A.having B.have C.had D.to have
20.不同的时间前面应用什么介词：
(1)通常按照“in年in月in季节 on 天on 日on星期”的规则
in 1998 在1998年 in January 在一月
in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天
on that day在那天 on his birthday在他的生日（那天）
on Teachers’ Day 在教师节on October first 在10月1日
on Friday 在星期五
(2)在几点钟用at，在一日中的黎明、正午、半夜也用at。
at six o’clock在六点钟 at noon / night在正午/晚上
(3)在某月某日用on,如on April fifth 在四月五日
在某年某月某日用on,如 on April fifth,2008 在2008年四月五日
在某年某月用in,如in May,2007 在2007年五月（注意：看最后一个词）
(4) in the morning/afternoon/evening “在早上/下午/晚上”，但当早上/下午/晚上有修饰词修饰时用on 如：on Friday morning =on the morning of Friday 在星期五早上 on a hot afternoon在一个炎热的下午
(1)Li Ming’s birthday is ___ April 11.
A. on B. at C. in
(2)My birthday is ___ March.
A. on B. at C. in
(3)When were you born? I was born ___.
A. September, 1989 B. in July 7,1989 C. on June 1, 1989
(4)Students don’t go to school ___ Sundays.
A. in B. at C. on
(5)My father was born ___ 1949.
A. in B. at C. on
(6)________ Day is on June first and ________ Day is on September tenth.
A.Children’s, Teacher’s B.Children’s, Teachers’
C.Childrens’, Teacher’ D.Children’, Teachers’
21.traffic意为“交通，路上行驶的车辆”，是不可数名词。表示交通量大时用heavy，表示交通量小时用light.
Traffic is very heavy during the rush hours.
22.France法国-French法语-Frenchman法国人
Germany德国-German德语-German德国人
23.记住下面单词的复数形式。
policewoman-policewomen(女警察) Frenchman-Frenchmen(法国人)
German-Germans.(德国人)
24.a cup to tea. 一杯茶 two cups of tea.两杯茶
25.avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”
He avoided my questions.
A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answered
Section B
1.a kind of一种 all kinds of各种各样的 different kinds of不同种类的
There is a kind of sheep in the zoo.
There are many different kinds of books in the library.
2. a little =a bit =a little bit=kind of意为“一点儿；少许”都可以用来修饰形容词/副词。a little bit quiet.此外，a little还可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit须和of连用才可以修饰不可数名词。
The weather here is a little bit hot. a little water=a bit of water一点儿水
(1)—What is your new friend like? — She is shy..
A. a bit of B. a lot of C. a little bit D. a kind of
(2)—Do you know that there are many different animals in the zoo?
—Yes,I do.And I also know that some of them are scaring.
A.kinds of;kind of B.kinds of;kinds of C.kind of;kinds of D.kind of;kind of
3.(1)learn to do sth意为“学习做某事”My younger brother is learning English.
(2)learn from意为“向……学习”We must learn from Lei Feng.
(3)learn by oneself意为“自学”He learns French by himself.
4.fly a kite=fly kites意为“放风筝”
I flew a kite with my friends last weekend.
fly to +某地 意为“乘飞机去某地”We flew to Beijing yesterday.
5.hold意为“举行”=have，其过去式和过去分词都是held.
They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.
6.由-or结尾的名词有：competitor(参赛者，竞争者) visitor(参观者)
actor(演员) inventor(发明家) translator(翻译员)
7.be from=come from意为“来自……”They are from England.
8.turn into意为“变成”， turn …into…意为“把……变成……”
Water turns into ice when it freezes.
The witch turned the prince into a frog.
9.according to意为“根据；按照”
According to what he said,it was a good thing.
10.send out意为“放出，发出”
The ship is sinking.Send out a distress signal.
11. in trouble.意为“处于困境中”Don’t laugh at people in trouble.
in danger意为“处于危险中”
12.be covered with意为“被……覆盖着“
The ground is covered with snow.
13.slow意为“慢的”，是形容词， slowly意为“慢地”，是副词，修饰动词。
She is a slow reader. She opened the door slowly.
14.rise into意为“上升到……中”
When the weather is cool,little bits of water rise into the air and form clouds.
15. put …on…意为“把……贴到……上”
She put the picture on the wall.
16.与put相关的短语
put away把……收起来；放好 put on穿上 put off doing sth 推迟做某事
put down放下
(1) It is a good habit to all your things in correct places.
A.put away B. put up C. put out D.put off
(2)Hi,Jack.Would you please the picture on the wall?
A. pick up B. look up  C. get up D.put
17.lively意为“生气勃勃的”
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
lovely意为“可爱的”。She is a lovely girl.
18.区分spend,pay,cost和take
(1)人+ spend(spent)+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth或 on sth
I spent five dollars (in)buying the book.I spent five dollars on the book.
(2)人+pay(paid)+金钱+for sth I paid five dollars for the book.
(3)物+cost(cost)+人+金钱 The book cost me five dollars.
(4)It takes(took)+人+时间+to do sth.
It took me five hours to finish homework.
(1)I’m afraid it’ll you much time to work out the problem.
A.spend B.use C.need D.take
(2)I ＄300 for the bike.
A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid
(3)You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you ________ it?
A. ask for B. think about C. find out D. pay for
(4) —Do you take exercise every day?
—Yes.I always thirty minutes walking after supper.
A.spend   　B.cost  　C. take      D. pay
(5)—The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ?
—I just ten dollars for it.
A.take,afforded   　B.cost;paid 　C.cost;spent 
(6)It took me two hours ___ my homework last night.
A. to finish B. finishing C. finish D. for finishing
19.find+it+形容词+(for sb) to do sth意为“发现做某事对某人来说怎么样”it是形式宾语，to do sth是真正的宾语
I found it very difficult to learn how to drive.
We find necessary to protect the earth.
A.it B. this C. that D. what
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Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ?.知识点