四级漫画作文.ppt

CET4CET4概述概述 写写听听读读译译30 mins 15%30 mins 35%40 mins 35%30 mins 15%大学英语四级试卷的结构作文作文段落翻译段落翻译听力听力长篇阅读长篇阅读仔细阅读仔细阅读在答题纸在答题纸1 1上作答上作答,完成后交答题纸完成后交答题纸1.1.剩下题目在答剩下题目在答卡卡2 2上作答上作答.选词填空选词填空全国大学英语四级考试答题卡全国大学英语四级考试答题卡1全国大学英语四级考试答题卡全国大学英语四级考试答题卡21.1.四级考试写作的评分原则四级考试写作的评分原则 v1 1作文采用作文采用总体评分法总体评分法（Global ScoringGlobal Scoring），就总的印），就总的印象给出奖励分（象给出奖励分（Reward ScoresReward Scores），而不是），而不是按语言点错误按语言点错误数目扣分数目扣分。v2 2从从内容和语言内容和语言两方面对作文进行两方面对作文进行综合评判综合评判。内容和语。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容，而内言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要容要通过通过语言来表达。既要考虑作文是否切题，是否用语言来表达。既要考虑作文是否切题，是否用英语清楚而明确地表达了主题思想，也要考虑语言上的错英语清楚而明确地表达了主题思想，也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。误是否造成理解上的障碍。v3.3.避免趋中倾向避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分，该给。该给高分的给高分，包括满分，该给低分的给低分，包括低分的给低分，包括0 0分，一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部分，一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。2.四级考试写作的评分四级考试写作的评分标准标准 满分为满分为1515分分，阅卷标准分为五等：2 2分，分，5 5分，分，8 8分，分，1111分和分和1414分。分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准。对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。2 2分分条理不清，思路紊乱，条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误。且多为严重错误。v5 5分分基本切题基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。言错误。v8 8分分基本切题基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误比。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误比较多，其中有一些是严重错误。较多，其中有一些是严重错误。v1111分分切题。切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。v1414分分切题。切题。表达思想清楚，内容丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基表达思想清楚，内容丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误。本上无语言错误。v白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，则应判为则应判为0 0分。分。v另外，另外，字数不足，也酌情扣分，如累计字数为字数不足，也酌情扣分，如累计字数为110110119119扣扣1 1分，分，100100109109扣扣2 2分，分，90909999扣扣3 3分，分，70707979扣扣5 5分，分，50505959扣扣7 7分，少于分，少于4949扣扣9 9分。分。累计字数不包括题目中给出的主题句、起始句和结尾句中的字数。累计字数不包括题目中给出的主题句、起始句和结尾句中的字数。v如果字数不少，但段落数不够，也酌情扣分。比如在要求写三段的作如果字数不少，但段落数不够，也酌情扣分。比如在要求写三段的作文中只文中只写了一段，只能得写了一段，只能得0 04 4分；只写两段，只能得分；只写两段，只能得0 09 9分。分。v1.1.审题（审题（1-2mins)1-2mins)v2.2.构思提纲构思提纲 (3-5mins(3-5mins，确，确定主题定主题)v3.3.写文章写文章 (20mins)(20mins)v4.4.修改检查修改检查 (5mins)(5mins)写作概述写作概述 StepsuPre-writing:仔细阅读题干，确定写作主题仔细阅读题干，确定写作主题uPara.1:Para.1:describe the picture describe the picture 简要描述漫画（简要描述漫画（who,what,when,wherewho,what,when,where ）开门见山开门见山TIPS:1.TIPS:1.写作的写作的directions directions 部分虽然给出了大致的部分虽然给出了大致的主题，但是也要求考生对主题，但是也要求考生对漫画进行描述漫画进行描述，切忌抛切忌抛开漫开漫画内容直接议论！画内容直接议论！TIPS:2.TIPS:2.漫画的内容一定要符合图片，漫画的内容一定要符合图片，切忌无中生切忌无中生有！有！uPara2Para2：全文的核心段：全文的核心段 give your opinion about the give your opinion about the phenomenon conveyed in the picturephenomenon conveyed in the picture and and interpret its meaning/messageinterpret its meaning/message 揭揭示示主主题题（观观点点）并并加加以以解解释释和和说说明明论论证证;揭揭示示现现象象(问问题题)并并阐阐述述现现象象（问题）产生的（问题）产生的原因。原因。TIPSTIPS：可以从：可以从2-32-3个方面个方面进行阐述，也可以将这部分进行阐述，也可以将这部分分为两段分为两段。uPara3.Para3.：give your conclusion.give your conclusion.(a)(a)提出建议，重申观点提出建议，重申观点 主题句主题句 (b)(b)对如何解决漫画中所反映的问题提出合理对如何解决漫画中所反映的问题提出合理建议建议或或总结观点总结观点。TIPSTIPS：主题句的复述不是简单地重复，通常需符合主题句的复述不是简单地重复，通常需符合1.1.如果在段末，用强调词转换方式连接。如果在段末，用强调词转换方式连接。2.2.与主题句保持意思一致，更进一层。与主题句保持意思一致，更进一层。3.3.转换方式：词对应，同根，逆向转换方式：词对应，同根，逆向实例运用实例运用+分析分析 实例一实例一看图作文的解题思路应用看图作文的解题思路应用v1.1.审题（审题（认真阅读写作提示）：认真阅读写作提示）：漫画信息漫画信息“focus on the topic about making a life plan and explain why it is important for young people to do”确定写作主题确定写作主题：年轻人应该做年轻人应该做好人生规划好人生规划以以及及人生规划的人生规划的重要性的原因重要性的原因2.2.作文提纲作文提纲 （结构）（结构）v第一段：简要描写图画内容（第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,when,wherewho,what,when,where）:v爷爷教导孙子：如果年老的时候写自传，你会看到自己去过哪里，爷爷教导孙子：如果年老的时候写自传，你会看到自己去过哪里，（where you have beenwhere you have been）如果年轻时候写，你就会知道你将去哪里）如果年轻时候写，你就会知道你将去哪里(will see where you are going)(will see where you are going)。vThe picture depicts a young man sitting in front of a computer and typing something with his grandfather standing behind.The caption below says,“When you write your autobiography in old age,youll see where you have been,but when you write your autobiography at a young age,youll see where youre going.”It reveals profoundly that young people should shape their own future and make their own life plans,which is cosistent with what I advocate第二段：第二段：解释图画深刻含义解释图画深刻含义（揭示主题）（揭示主题）并加以解释并加以解释和说明论证。和说明论证。Firstly,planning your life helps you set up specific life goals and follow through on your goals.When you have specific goals,youre more likely to be self-motivated.Secondly,life planning helps you have a full understanding of your life deficiencies and make prompt adjustments.If you fail some of your life goals,you can re-examine your life plan and decide whether to make more efforts to fulfill those goals or change some of your goals.Last but not least,you can meet many new opportunities after some of your life plans come true,because success breeds more success and opportunities bring in more opportunities.第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）法）。vTo sum up,it is quite essential for young people especially the university students to make life plan early so as to face the challegings confidently after graduations.What we should do is to take actions immediately,including choosing core coures and interest-based minor courses and figuring out exact schedules for study or future career.Only in this way,can our university time is rewarding in the long run.vDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.实例二实例二2013.06 真题真题看图作文的解题思路应用v1.1.审题（审题（认真阅读写作提认真阅读写作提示）：示）：漫画信息“express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”确定写作主题确定写作主题：做任何大事前做任何大事前都应该从小事都应该从小事做起做起 （一屋（一屋不扫，何以扫不扫，何以扫天下。）天下。）2.作文提纲（结构）v第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,when,where）:v父子之间的对话，儿子关注核废料处理（disposal of nuclear wastes）,父亲认为要从小事做起（empty the dustbin first）；Doing Big Things Starts from Doing Small Onesv SAMPLE 1v As is vividly revealed in the picture above,the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes,while the father tells him to empty the dustbin in the room first.The picture reminds us of an old Chinese sayingIf you dont like to do trivial things like cleaning your room,its impossible for you to undertake any important task.vSAMPLE 2vWe can see from the cartoon that there is a father talking with his son.Having heard his sons words that“Dad,I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapon.”The father replies that“If you can empty the dustbin here,you can do anything”and points the garbage can beside him.Funny and common as the conversation sounds,it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things before undertaking big.v 作文提纲（结构）v第二段：第二段：解释图画深刻含义解释图画深刻含义 （揭示主题）（揭示主题）并加以并加以解释和说明论证。解释和说明论证。v努力做好小事可以培养做大事所需要的优良品质努力做好小事可以培养做大事所需要的优良品质（develop good qualities needed undertaking develop good qualities needed undertaking important tasksimportant tasks）;Undoubtedly,the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be that it is vital and necessary to deal with trivial things.Doing small things well may help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks,which lays a solid foundation for our future development.Small things would often make the difference between success and failure.We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail may cause a kingdom to be lost.Therefore,when it comes to the key to success,the most important thing lies in doing every trivial thing well.v Definitely,doing small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big.By doing something small,we are able to accumulate experience,master skills and train ourselves to be more patient.In other words,we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things.By contrast,those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment,frustrations or even failures,as with opportunities-“something big”-showing up,they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence which stems from doing small things.作文提纲（结构）v第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）。第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）。实现做大事的目标，不仅需要有雄心壮志（the great ambition）,还需要有从小事踏踏实实做起的实践精神（the practical spirit）.Sample 1：In one word,to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition,but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things.Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.v Sample 2：v In conclusion,under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things.Instead,we should regard small things as the source of experience,skills and the prerequisite of success.“Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.”Aristotle also used to say.vDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of taking precautions.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.实例三看图作文的解题思路应用v1.1.审题（审题（认真阅读写作提认真阅读写作提示）：示）：漫画“express your views on the importance of taking precautions”确定写作主题：To take some measures before something had happened.(未雨绸缪)2.作文提纲（结构）v The The picture picture focuses focuses on on a a person person who who is is standing standing in in front front of of the the sea,sea,watching watching the the tide tide rising.rising.Above Above the the picture,picture,there there is is a a thought-provoking thought-provoking sentence sentence which which tells tells us us that that we we should should take take some some measures measures before before something had happened.something had happened.v第一段：简要描写图画内容（第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,who,what,when,wherewhen,where），），并揭示图画深刻含义（揭并揭示图画深刻含义（揭示主题）。示主题）。v第二段：针对图画所表达的观点（主题）进行举例论证第二段：针对图画所表达的观点（主题）进行举例论证v Life is not always full of happiness and fortune.Therefore,we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger.For example,when the economic downturn is around the corner,an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job.It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available.vWriting Techniques:A General Point Supported by Examplesv Life is not always full of happiness and fortune.Therefore,we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger.For example,when the economic downturn is around the corner,an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job.It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available.v第三段：总结全文。第三段：总结全文。All All in in all,all,it it is is advisable advisable for for anyone anyone to to make make precautionary precautionary preparations preparations for for the the unexpected unexpected difficulties difficulties or or disasters disasters in in life in advance.life in advance.vDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of angle when people observing something.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.实例四看图作文的解题思路应用v1.审题（审题（认真阅读写作提认真阅读写作提示）：示）：漫画信息“express your views on the importance of angle when people observing something”确定写作主题确定写作主题：应该从不同角应该从不同角度来观察事物。度来观察事物。2.作文提纲（结构）v The picture shows us that in the eyes of the man near the apple,the apple is of good quality,while to the man who is far from the apple,the apple is of bad quality with a worm in the flesh.It is the angles rather than the distance that differentiate the witness of the apples quality.The picture reminds us of a philosophical viewObserving the same from different angles is a must.v第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,when,where），并揭示图画深刻含义（揭示主题）。v第二段：进行解释和说明论证。It is important and very necessary to observe or evaluate a thing from different angles.For example,sometimes when you think you are unhappy,to others it may be that you are surrounded by happiness.Therefore,different conclusions would be arrived at when we view a thing from different angles.v The The picture picture shows shows us us that that in in the the eyes eyes of of the the man man near near the the apple,apple,the the apple apple is is of of good good quality,quality,while while to to the the man man who who is is far far from from the the apple,apple,the the apple apple is is of of bad bad quality quality with with a a worm worm in in the the flesh.flesh.It It is is the the angles angles rather rather than than the the distance distance that that differentiate differentiate the the witness witness of of the the appleapples s quality.quality.The The picture picture reminds reminds us us ofof a a philosophical philosophical viewviewObserving Observing the the same from different angles is a must.same from different angles is a must.It It is is important important and and very very necessary necessary to to observe observe or or evaluate evaluate a a thing thing from from different different angles.angles.For For example,example,sometimes sometimes when when you you think think you you are are unhappy,unhappy,to to others others it it may may be be that that you you are are surrounded surrounded by by happiness.happiness.Therefore,Therefore,different different conclusions conclusions would would be be arrived arrived at at when we view a thing from different angles.when we view a thing from different angles.v It It is is known known to to all all that that a a coin coin has has two two sides.sides.As As college college student,student,we we should should try try to to learn learn from from someone someone elseelses s positions.positions.Only Only in in this this wayway can can we we become become a a more considerate and perfect person.more considerate and perfect person.v特别说说修改的方法：v在考试中,由于时间紧,考生心理紧张,再加上平时练习不够,考生很容易在写作中出现一些简单的,不应该出现的语言错误,因此考生在写完作文后,应尽量抽出时间全面检查是否有语言错误,例如:v1)主谓语是否一致；v2)动词时态是否有误；v3)名词的单、复数是否有错；v4)有些表达是否属于“汉语式英语”；v5)词序安排是否得当；v6)有没有不完整的句子；v7)拼写是否有错；v8)标点符号以及大小写是否有错。v值得一提的是,修改定稿阶段,应特别检查短文是否使用了自己没有把握的词、句及句子结构,是否有的词、句是自己从中文里硬译过来的,如果有的话,应尽量换用地道的英语表达方法或避免使用它们。评分标准评分标准 v2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。v5分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。v8分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。v11分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。v14分-（切题，表达思想清楚）；（文字通顺，连贯较好）；（基本上无语言错误，能正确和熟练使用高级词汇与句型）。v 正常情况下，根据考试规定，作文有评分原则，主要依照文章的结构结构和语言水平语言水平进行评分。v然而，除此以外，有“两个基本点”我们也需要给予足够的重视闪光点和语法点。闪光点和语法点。v在一篇出类拔萃的范文中，我们往往可以看到像文章内容的文章内容的深度深度，高级词汇、谚语、从句、插入语和被动语态等闪光点；高级词汇、谚语、从句、插入语和被动语态等闪光点；譬如描述数据，一些同学拘泥于图表本身，按部就班地高分高分作文作文常喜欢用倍数、分数、小数、百分比、或者一些动词（double/triple/quadruple）来表现数据的联系以及相异之处。v而在一篇低分作文中，基本的语言错误则多得数不胜数。v“Give the monkey exactly what he wants.”（给阅卷老师最想要的。）这话也不失道理。v 语言suggestionsv1.注意平时积累。使自己的行文水到渠成，彻底改变使自己的行文水到渠成，彻底改变让阅卷老师感觉是在让阅卷老师感觉是在“背诵文章背诵文章”而不是在而不是在“写文章写文章”的的印象印象。v2.必须克服羞怯心理，敢于将自己的习作拿给老师进行修改和点评。v3.量变达到质变，至少练习15篇篇文章。