人教版高中英语选修7Unit4知识点详解.doc

Unit 4 Sharing


核心单词
1. relevant
adj. 有关的；切题的
常用结构：
be relevant to= have sth. to do with 与……有关
The meeting is relevant to the matter in hand.
这次会议与正在进行的事情有密切关系。
In the exams, make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked.
在考试时一定要注意，你写的所有内容都要切合题意。
联想拓展
relevance n.关联；相关性
have relevance to与……有关
be irrelevant to 与…无关
have no relevance to=have nothing to do with与……无关
What you say has no relevance to the subject.你所说的与主题无关。
表示“和……有关”的相关短语：
be related to
be connected with
be concerned with
be linked to
be associated with
be involved in
have something to do with

高手过招
单项填空
Topics for compositions should be to the experiences and interests of the students.
A. concerned B. dependent
C. concerning D. Relevant
解析：选D。句意为：作文的题目应与学生的经历和兴趣有关。be relevant to与……有关；而concerning 是介词，相当于about,后面不加to。
2. adjust
vt.&vi.调整；使适合
I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.我通常早上上班前校准我的表。
常用结构：
adjust(sth.／oneself)(to sth.)使适应；适应
It seems that the newcomers have adjusted themselves in the schoo1.新来的同学看来适应了学校生活。
He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。
These desks and chairs can be adjusted to the height of any child.这些桌子和凳子能被调整到适合任何孩子的高度。
联想拓展
adjustment n. 调整；修正
adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的注意：该词作不及物动词时，意为“适应于”，后常跟介词to。

高手过招
(1)单项填空
①You can’t see things clearly through a telescope unless it is correctly to your sight.
A. adjusted B. examined C. checked D. tested
②You can this desk the height of any child.
A. adjust; to B. make; to C. suit; to D. remain; for
(2)翻译句子 （原创）
①他很快就适应了这种生活方式，从此幸福地生活着。
②许多新兵没能很快的适应军中生活，结果病倒了。



解析：(1)①选A。句意为：通过望远镜你看不清东西，除非你把它调好。adjust ...to 调整……以适应。
②选A。句意为: 你可以调节这张桌子以适应孩子的身高。 adjust sth. to sth.调整某物以适应某物。
(2)①He soon adjusted himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.
②Quite a few new soldiers could not adjust themselves to army life and fell ill.
3. participate
vi. 参加,参与；有关系
常用结构：
participate in参加,参与
participate in sth. with sb. 同某人参与某事
Everyone in class is expected to participate in these discussions. 希望全班同学都能参与这些讨论。
联想拓展
participant n. 参加者,参与的人
participation n. 参与；分享
易混辨析
participate in/attend/join/take part in/join in
participate in 正式用语，表示参加，参与。强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加。
attend 正式用语，一般用于指参加会议，出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，听演讲或讲座等。
join 常用词，作及物动词；通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是the army/party/team/club等。
take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词。如take (an active) part in school/activities。
join in 参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于join in (doing) sth./join sb. in (doing) sth. 结构中。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The teacher is easy-going, and she often in the pupils’games.
A. participates B. acts
C.joined D. took part
(2)用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 （原创）
join/join in/take part in/attend/participate in
①They all the plot.
②At the age of eighteen, he the party.
③The children the English Evening and had a good time.
④He didn’t school yesterday because of his illness.
⑤Zhou Enlai the student movements actively when he was at school.
(1)解析：选A。由时态可排除C，D两项；根据句意表示的是“参加一个活动”可知，答案选A。
(2)①participated in ②joined ③joined in ④attend ⑤took part in
4. privilege
n. 特权；特别待遇
vt. 给予……特权
常用结构：
enjoy privileges 享受特权
the privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有幸做某事
privilege sb. from ... 给某人特权使某人免于……
I hope to have the privilege of working with them again. 但愿有幸和他们再度合作。
联想拓展
privileged adj.有特权的
be privileged to do sth.荣幸地去做某事
We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this evening.我们荣幸地欢迎你今晚来给我们做演讲。

解析：选B。句意为：女士们，先生们，我非常荣幸地介绍今晚的演讲嘉宾。privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有幸做某事。
5. donate
v. 捐赠，赠送
常用结构：
donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物
She donated a large sum of money to the charity.她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
The van was donated to us by a local firm.这辆货车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。
联想拓展
donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款
make/give/present a donation to sb. 捐赠给某人
send a donation to 把捐款寄至……
promise a donation 应允捐赠
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①He (捐赠)a million to the school.
②The rest of the money we get is (来自捐赠).
答案：①donated ②from donations
单项填空
(　　)(1)Local people are lining up to __________ blood for the badly burnt girl in yesterday's big fire.
A. abandon B. arrange C. donate D. handle
(　　)(2)If we all save a little money every day to __________ to the Project Hope, then many dropouts can return to school again.
A. send B. donate C. present D. give
(1)C　(2)B

6. purchase
vt.& n.买；购买; (以某种代价)换得；(经过努力)取得，赢得(常与with连用)
The new couple spent some money on the purchase of the furniture necessary for their new house.
这对新婚夫妇花费了一些钱购买新房子里必备的家具。
The farm was sold at ten years purchase. 这农场以相当于十年土地收入的价钱售出。
常用结构：
made a purchase 买件东西
leave sb.to his purchase让某人自谋生路
live on one’s purchase自谋生计，自找活路
purchase freedom with blood 以血的代价赢得自由
purchase and sale 买卖
高手过招
翻译句子
①这是我前几天买来的一件东西。
②你不努力什么也不能得到。
③他给他的儿子一些钱买课本。
答案： ①It is a recent purchase of mine/what I purchased the other day.
②You can’t get any purchase without efforts/purchase anything if you don’t make any effort.
③He gave his son some money for the purchase of／to purchase school books.





7. distribution n.分配；分发 分布状态
At present, the distribution of profits cannot satisfy most of the people. 目前利润的分配未能满足大多数人。
联想拓展
distribute vt. 分配; 散布
distribute sth. to 把某物分配/分发给……
distribute sth. Among 在……分发某物
Before the opening ceremony of the super-market, some workers are sent to distribute handbills on the street.超市开业前，一些工作人员被派去街上散发传单。
高手过招
翻译句子
①幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发礼物。
②救援物资的发放依然在讨论中。
答案：①The teacher in the kindergarten is distributing the gifts to the children.
②The distribution of the rescuing goods is under discussion.
8. otherwise adv.除此之外其他方面adv.& conj.否则；不然
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。
I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。
He is rich, but otherwise an unhappy man.他有钱，但在其他方面是个不幸福的人。
Their arrival livened up an otherwise dull afternoon. 他们的到来让除了无聊其他还算好的下午活跃起来。
句型
otherwise / or / or else 引导的后面的分句中常用would / could / might / should have done 的形式表示虚拟语气。
They got two free tickets to Canada；otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.
A surveyor's inspection of the building revealed faults that might otherwise have been overlooked.
单项填空
(　　)(1)The program has saved thousands of children who would __________ have died.
A. therefore B. anyhow C. furthermore　 D. otherwise
(　　)(2)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I __________ you waiting for such a long time.
A. will not keep B. have not kept
C. had not kept D. would not have kept
即境活用10　Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath, which would________cause danger.
A．somehow B．meanwhile
C．otherwise D．furthermore
[解析]otherwise否则，符合句意。somehow不知怎么地；meanwhile在此期间；furthermore而且。[答案]C
9. operate v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)More important, it could improve the skills to operate the computer.
(2)A playgroup operates on the campus.
(3)The whole tax system is now operating more efficiently.
(4)He did this although he only had permission to operate on the right ear.
根据语义找匹配
A. (企业，团体)经营，营业
B. (机器或设备)操作；操纵
C. (系统或过程)运作；运行
D. 动手术；开刀
(1)B　(2)A　(3)C　(4)D
短语
operate on / upon sb. 给某人动手术
operate a business经营一家企业
come / go into operation开始工作 / 运转；生效
put / bring into operation实施，施行
do / perform / carry out an operation实施行动
be in operation在运转中，在行动中，在实施中
完成句子
(1)What skills are needed to __________ (操作这台机器)?
(2)The new rules __________ (开始生效)from next week.
(3)The system __________ (已经运行)for six months.
(4)We will have to __________ (给他的眼睛动手术)．
(1) operate this machine　
(2) come into operation　
(3) has been in operation　
(4) operate on his eyes
10. voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
All the teachers work on an entirely voluntary basis.所有的这些老师都是志愿工作的。
Thirty two patients volunteered for the research study.32位病人自愿参加这项研究。
on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上
volunteer for...自愿参加……
do voluntary work参加志愿工作
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
volunteer as...志愿当……
即境活用5　He ________ as a teacher in Tibet.
A．voted B．volunteered
C．participated D．reacted
[解析]volunteer as 自愿当……。
[答案]B

重点短语
11. make any (a) difference to 对……有任何关系或影响；对……起作用
It makes a difference which you choose.你选择哪一个，事关重大。
Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.你的支持当然会在我们的事业中发挥重要作用。
联想拓展
make no/a little/much/some difference没有/有一点/有很大的/有一些差别
tell the difference between 说出……的差别
make a difference between 区分……
高手过招
单项填空
Does it any difference whether we leave at 9:00 or at 10:00?
A.Tell B. be C. give D. Make
解析：选D。句意为：我们是9点还是10点离开会有什么影响吗？make any difference 有……影响。
12. stick out (of sth.)
=stick sth. out of 伸出；突出
Don’t stick your arm out of the car window. 不要把胳膊伸出车窗外。
联想拓展
stick out for 坚持索取；坚决要求
stick together 团结在一起；站在一起
stick to坚持；忠于
stick up向上突起；竖起
stick up for支持；维护
高手过招
单项填空
Once you made a decision, you should it.
A.stick out B. stick to C. persist in D. insist on
解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一旦你作出决定，你就应该坚持下去。stick to+ n./pron. 坚持；stick out 突出；坚持；persist in 固执己见； insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事。根据句意，选B。
13. get through
根据语境猜词义
(1)Let's start; there's a lot of work to get through today.
(2)I finally managed to get through my driving test.
(3)I tried ringing you several times but I couldn't get through.
(4) don't know how we're going to get through the winter.
根据语义找匹配
A. 通过　 B. 接通　
C. 熬过；度过　 D. 完成
(1)D　(2)A　(3)B　(4)C
单项填空
(　　)(1)Readers can ______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in
C. get along D. get through
(　　)(2)When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ______ it.
A. got off B. got away
C. got across D. got over
用适当的介词填空
(3)The government managed to get the new law __________.
(4)Our new manager is easy to get along __________.
(5)The farmers are busy getting __________ crops these days.
(1) C　(2) D　
(3) through　 (4) with (5) in
e across偶然遇到或发现;碰见(无被动语态)
用法拓展
come about 发生
come along / on 一起来;一道走;赶快
come out 出来;开花;出版
come at 攻击;扑向
come to 达到;总计为;苏醒(过来)
come up with 想出;提出
come to an end 结束
come into effect / force / use 生效/开始使用
16.in need在困难中;在危急中
用法拓展
in need / want of需要
the need for sth对……的需要
at one’s need在某人困难时
satisfy / meet one’s needs满足某人的需要
in surprise吃惊地
in trouble处于困境
in danger处于危险中
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
I understand your company is 　　　     　　　  some new computer equipment.我获悉你们公司需要一些新计算机设备。
单项填空
(2012浙江杭州高三期中)The charity aims to provide assistance to people 　　　    .
A.in favour　　B.in particular
C.in public　　D.in need
【答案与解析】D　考查介词短语辨析。由assistance可知此处应该指提供帮助给在困境中的人。in need“在困境中”,符合语境。in favour“赞同”; in particular“尤其”; in public“公开地;当众”。
17. the other day 不久前的一天（一般过去时）
one day (过去时或将来时)
some day(将来时)
即境活用13　—I haven't seen Bob these days, and I wonder how things go with him?
—I________him the other day; he said he worked in a chemical works.
A．am going to see B．have seen
C．saw D．had seen
[解析]the other day与一般过去时连用。
[答案]C

重点句型
1. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. 我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。
be dying to do sth意为“极想做某事”。
All of them are dying to see the movie. 他们所有人都极想看那部电影。
联想拓展
be dying for sth. 极想得到某物
(1)表示“渴望”的相关短语:
be thirsty for sth.
be eager to do sth.
desire to do sth.
have a strong desire for sth.
long to do sth./ for sth.
starve for sth.
have an urge to do sth.
be keen to do sth./ be keen on doing sth.
(2) 有关 “die” 的短语
die off相继死亡
die away消逝；静下来
die out灭绝，废除；绝迹
die down平息；变弱
die for one's country为国家捐躯
用die的适当短语填空
(1) You may __________ know what your new lady thinks about you and your behavior.
(2) The deer in the forest are all __________ from disease.
(3) The noise of the car __________ in the distance.
(4) Those species inadaptable to changing conditions may __________.
(1) be dying to 　
(2) dying off　
(3) died away　
(4) die out
高手过招
单项填空
Smallpox, a kind of disease, has now died .
A. out B. away C. off D. Down
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。 die out 灭绝，消失;die away 渐息；die down 平息；die off (花、草)枯死。根据句意，选A。
2. There were no windows and the doorway was just big_enough_to_get_through.没有窗户，门口只能勉强通过。
[句法分析](1)enough用作形容词常见的搭配是：
enough＋n. to do sth.或者n.＋enough to do sth.
enough＋n. for sb. to do sth.
(2)enough用作副词常见的搭配是：
adj./adv.＋enough(for sb.)to do sth.
(3)enough用作代词作主语或宾语时常见的搭配是：
enough for...对……来说足够了
enough to do sth.足够去做……
enough of＋(doing)sth.太多……
3.The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere. 有一天,我正在给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示,我还没明白怎么回事,混合剂就到处冒气泡了。
要点精讲
本句为一个复杂的复合句,when这个时间状语从句中,由一个before引导的时间状语从句加主句构成。
(2010陕西) John thinks it won’t be long 　　　    he is ready for his
new job.
A.when　　B.after　　C.before　　D.since
【答案与解析】C　本题考查句式“it won􀆳t be long before...”,表示“过不了多久就……”。句意:约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作作好准备。
4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 不过,上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师去访问了一个村庄,那是我学生汤贝的家。
该句中的which引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,可以与that相替换。
(2011四川)The school shop, 　　　     customers are mainly students,
is closed for the holidays.
A.which　　B.whose　　C.when　　D.where
用关联词完成句子
1.The man 　　　     I saw told me to wait.
2.Can you think of anyone 　　　     could look after him?
3.Look at that lady 　　　     name is Pochi.
4.She is a teacher 　　　     I like very much.
5.Those pictures 　　　     were drawn by Tom are nice.
5. She was dying to see him again but what_if he didn’t want to see her? 她渴望再见到他，但如果他不想见她怎么办？
what if“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if...? what if 中 what可看做是 what should sb. do (某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter (有什么要紧) 或 what would happen (将会如何)的省略。
①What if he gets angry?
倘若他生气该怎么办？
②What if they do not come?
即使他们不来又有什么关系呢？
拓展：(