初中英语不定代词讲解及习题.doc

不定代词
一、不定代词概述

不定代词
定义
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词
常见不定代词
some类
something, somebody, someone
any类

no类

every类

其他
all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another
充当成分
作主语、宾语、表语、定语等

二、常见不定代词的基本用法
1、 some和any: 都是“一些”的意思，都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。
(1) some一般用于肯定句中，any 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
Eg. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(2) 在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，应该用some而不用any。
Eg. Would you please give me some paper?
___________________________________________________________
(3) 当any 表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时，可以用于肯定句，此时any要重读。
Eg. You may come at any time that is convenient to you.
___________________________________________________________
2、 表示数量的不定代词
(1)many______, few_______, a few_______, 用以代替或修饰可数名词。
(2)much______, little_______, a little________,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。
(3) _______和_______表示肯定意义，_______和_______表示否定意义。
(4)a lot of 和plenty of 等短语既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
3、表示两者和三者的不定代词
(1)表示两者: both, either, neither (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every
(3)表示肯定：both, all (4)表示否定：none, neither
练一练：用以上不定代词填空。
我的父母都是医生。__________________________________
街道的两边都种了树。There are trees on ______ sides of the street.
= There are trees on ______ side of the street.
他有两个儿子，都不富有。He has two sons. ______ of them is rich.
他有三个儿子，都不富有。He has three sons. ______ of them is rich.
三、复合不定代词的用法
(1)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
(2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句和否定句中。
(3)如果要在疑问句中表示请求、建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复时，用somebody, someone 或something。
(4) 修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式应放在它们的后面。
Eg. He has nothing much to do today.他今天没有多少事情做。
Lucy hasn’t anything important to do. 露西没有任何重要时做。
四、疑难拓展
1、few/a few/little/a little
(1)后接名词的不同。_______和_______后接可数名词复数，_______和_______后接不可数名词。
Eg. There are _______ new words in the text. 课文中有一些新单词。
Can you speak _______ English? 你能说一点英语吗？
(2)表示肯定意义和否定意义的区别。_______和________ 表示肯定，______和_______表示否定。
Eg. I have ________ friends there. I often play with them.
There is _______ meat at home. Let’s buy some.
2、other/others/the other/another
(1) other表示“另一个”的意思，在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用，通常修饰可数名词复数。
(2) others可独立使用，无范围限定。
(3) other和others前面加定冠词the 时表示特指，不加the 表示泛指。The other表示两个中的另一个，常用于句型”one…the other…”，the others 表示全部其余的人或物。
Eg. I have two brothers. ____ is a doctor; ________ is a teacher.
He is always ready to help _______.
Five of them are in the classroom. What about _______?
(4) another(另外一个，又一个)，只能代替或修饰单数名词，可用作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用。前面不加冠词。
Eg. Don’t lose heart. Have another try.
(5) Another 后可以跟few 或带数字的复数名词。
Eg. Just think what our town will be like in another few years.
You’d better stay in bed for another two weeks.
3、 部分否定及完全否定
Not与不定代词all, both, every等表示全部意义的词连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需要换用none, neither, no 等。
练一练：翻译下列句子。
All of the students like the novel.___________________________________
Not all of the students like the novel. ___________________________________
All of the students don’t like the novel.__________________________________
None of the students like the novel. ___________________________________
4、 all, both, each等用作同位语
若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能时名词。
Eg. We all have read it.(all修饰的主语是代词)
The village all have been destroyed.(all修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait here.(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
5、 one 和it 的区别使用
(1)it 指代前面的某物。
Eg. Where is my pen? I can’t find it.(it 指代前面提到的那支笔)
(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用来代替上文中提到的单数可数名词以及避免重复，其复数形式为ones。
Eg. Your pen is so nice. I want to buy one like this.
课堂演练
一、 单选。
1. The two fishermen saw_______ in the sky while they were fishing by a river.
A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything
2. --- Is ____ here? ---No. Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
3.---Do you want tea or coffee? ---______.I really don't mind
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
4. The old man has two sons .One is a soldier, _______ is a worker.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
5. There are shops on _____ side of the street.________ of them do not close till 12 at night.
A. both; All B. every; None C. either; Some D. other; Many
6. There is not ___ meat in my bowl. There is ____ chicken in it.
A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some
7. Could you do___for me, please?
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
8. Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know____ about the subject.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
9. ---Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?
----____, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water.
A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either
10. Tom shook his head and said to us there was _____ in the classroom.
A. anybody B. nobody C. somebody D. everybody
11. Could I have _____ bottle of apple juice, please?
A. another B. other C. some more D. second
12. There are 25 techers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers.
A. the other B. the others C. others D. other
13. They were all tired, but _____of them took a rest.
A. none B. all C. both D.either
14. ---We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which colour do you like?
--- I’m afraid ____. I think blue will be OK.
A. both B. either C. neither D. none
15. ---Can I come this afternoon o tomorrow morning?
---_____ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
二、按要求完成句子。
1. Both Tom and Tim are good at sports.（改为否定句）
______ Tom _____ Tim ______ good at sports.
2. I can’t speak much English.（同义句转化）I _____ speak _____ English.
3. There is something wrong with his eyes.（改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ _______ wrong with his eyes?
4. This answer is right. That answer is also right（同义句转化）
______ this answer ______ that one are right.
5. They haven’t visited the village. She hasn’t visited the village either.（连成一句）
___________________________________________
三、下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. It is very difficult, and a few people understand it. ______________
2. Too many work has to be done. ______________
3. Why not buy any bread? ______________
4. Anyone know how to do it. ______________
5. There is not nothing wrong with the radio. ______________
家庭作业
一、 单选。
1. The teacher asked the boy many questions, but he only ansewered ______ of them.
A.some B. lots C. each D. few
2. ---I need something for cutting the paper. ---Oh, you want a knife? OK, I’ll get ___ for you.
A. it B.that C. this D.one
3.Two places of inteerest in Beijing are well known to people from home and abroad. One is the Great Wall, and _____ is the Summer Palace.
A. the other B. another C. other D. others
4. ---Would you like _____ to drink? ---Yes. I’d like a cup of coffee.
A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything
5. Maybe the disaster can destroy our homes, but ______ can destroy the love in our people.
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
二、改错。
1. All of my parents are doctors.___________
2. There are many trees on both side of the road. ___________
3. He has three sons, but neither of them lives there. ___________
4. All of the storybooks is interesting. ___________
5. I have important something to tell you. ___________