初中英语八种基本时态总结.doc

初中英语基本时态总结
Ⅰ、 一般现在时
1、概念：
1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提问用How often）
例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
Tom gets up at 6:00 every morning.
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 格言或警句。例：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
2、结构：表状态 S+ am/is/are+ P （句中有实义动词不用be）
表动作 S+V原+O （若主语是单三人称，谓动加s/es。）
3、句式变化：
变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加do/does，谓动变为原形。
变否定，有be在be后加“not”；无be在主语后加don’t/doesn’t，谓动变为原形。
例： ① They are in the classroom. →Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are./
No, they aren’t. →They aren’t in the classroom
② He often waters the flowers . → Does he often water the flowers?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. →He doesn’t often water the flowers
Ⅱ、 一般过去时
1、 概念：1）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.
例：Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
2、结构：表状态 S+ was/were+ P
表动作 S+V过去式+O （注：句中有实义动词不用be）
3、句式变化：
变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加did，谓动变为原形。
变否定，有be在be后直接加“not”；无be在主语后加didn’t，谓动变为原形.
例：① She was in Xi’an last month. → Was she in Xi’an last month? Yes, she was. /
No, she wasn’t. →She wasn’t in Xi’an last month.
② Danny grew a rose just now, → Did Danny grow a rose just now?
Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. →Danny didn’t grow a rose just now,
Ⅲ、 现在进行时：
1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days,以及有look, listen时。
例：Listen！The birds are singing.
2、结构：S + am/is/are + doing
助动 现在分词
3、句式变化：
变疑问，把am/is/are提到主语前； 变否定，在am/is/are后直接加“not”。
例：① I am writing a letter now. → Are you writing a letter now? Yes, I am. /
No, I’m not. →I am not writing a letter now. (注：am和not不能缩写。)
② The boys are playing football. → Are the boys playing football?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. →The boys aren’t playing football.
Ⅳ、 过去进行时：
1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。
.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time，at 8:00 yesterday,或有when / while引导的时间状语从句等。
例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning.
I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV.
2、结构：S + was/were + doing
3、句式变化：
变疑问，把was/were提到主语前； 变否定，在was/were后直接加“not”。例：①At that time they were working in the garden. → Were they working in
the garden at that time? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
→At that time they were working in the garden.
② When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. →When he came in, were you reading a newspaper? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
→When he came in, I wasn’t reading a newspaper.
Ⅴ、一般将来时
1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now，in ten minutes, in 2025
例：They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon.
Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term.
2、 结构：S +will+ V原+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you/(Are you going to）be at home at seven this evening?
3、 句式变化：
变疑问，把will提到主语前； 变否定，在will后直接加“not”。
例; She will drive to Beijing next week. → Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t. →She won’t drive to Beijing next week.
★ be going to + V原
表示a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例：The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
★ be +不定式：表示将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将讨论这份报告
★ 用现在进行时表示将来
come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。
例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
Ⅶ、 现在完成时：
1. 表示：①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近)， in the past few years
2. ②或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间词：for + 时间段，since +过去时间点/从句。（提问用How long）
例：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
He has learned French for two years.
2.结构：S + have/has + done
助动 过去分词
3. 句式变化：
变疑问，把have/has提到主语前； 变否定，在have/has后直接加“not”。
例：① I've already written an article. → Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. →I haven’t written an article yet.
② Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.
→ Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
→Li Ming hasn’t lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.
★ 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响，强调的是结果。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
例：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，指结果）
He joined the League three years ago. （强调加入这一动作）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.