中考英语定语从句讲解.doc

定语从句
请看下面的句子：
I want to know the boy who is the tallest.

句子做定语修饰boy
（一）概念:
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
（二） 定语从句的分类
Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。
e.g:This is the book that/which I want.
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.

（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词 关系词 定语从句

关系代词 关系副词

which, who, whom,
whose, that where, when, why

（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一
（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）
Mary is a girl.
合并为一个句子
She has long hair.
思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）
Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1. I saw the man.He closed the door

2.The girl is happy. She won the race

3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen

（五） 定语从句关系词的确定:
l a.先行词的分类
l b.先行词在从句中充当的成分

1.先行词做主语 人：who/that
物：which/that

2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that
物：which/that

3.先行词做定语 人：whose
物：whose/of which
4.先行词做状语：when, where, why

l who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

l who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并

分解 The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.

作主语

l Whom /that作定语从句的宾语

The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

分解 The woman is a teacher.

They wanted to visit the woman.

作宾语
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.

l whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解 I know the girl.

The girl’s mother is a teacher.

作定语
小结：
关系词判断步骤
l 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
l 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词
主语
宾语
定语
人
who, that
who(m), that
whose
物
which,
that
which, that
whose,
of which

巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：
(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时；
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。
（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.

请在以下例句中体会以上规则：
1. Here is something that I will tell you.
2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3. Is it the one that you want ?
4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.
6.Which is the bike that you lost?
7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

（七）只能使用which 的情况
l 1.关系代词前有介词时；
l 2.先行词本身是 that 时；
l 3.非限定定语从句
l 口诀:要有which别着急，
l 介词提前逗隔离。
l e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.
l 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents

单项选择：

l 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
l   A. that     B. who      C. whom        D. this
l 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
l A. that     B. whose     C. which          D. as
l 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
l   A. the one      B. which  C. who  D. whom
l ※4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ?
A. the one   B. which  C. who  D. who
l 5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
l   A. which    B. that    C. /   D. it
l 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
l   A. which     B. in which     C. that        D. all
l ※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
l   A. That    B. Who    C. The one who   D. The students who
l 注意：
l ①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）

完成下列句子：
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
who saved the boy’ s life
This is the doctor
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
who is running
The man is my uncle.
3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。
I saw a woman
whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.
4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
The young man is a teacher.
who lives next door
注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。
【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、There are lots of things ______ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
2、Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）
A.whom B.when C.whose D.who
3、—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市）
--Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______?
A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left
4、We are trying to help those children ____lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江省衢州市)
A. which B. when C. who D. whose
5、Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙)
A.who B.which C.when
6、—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市）
--Yes.They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
7、Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）
A.when B.what C.that
8、Friends are those____ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. （河南省）
A which B what C whom D who
9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____ HongKong was returned to China. （湖北省十堰市）
A.that B.which C.where D.when
10、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市）
A. where B. when C. that D. which
11、—What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）
—I enjoy reading in the library ____________ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where
12、—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市）
--Really?I hope to go there on day.
A.that B.who C.when
13、This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library. （广西省桂林市）
A. where B. which C. who D. when
14、The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black. （黑龙江省鸡西市）
A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is
15、Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市）
A. it B. what C. who D. that