中考英语名词性从句讲解+练习(教师版).doc

中考—名词性从句
主语从句
主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。

连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如：
What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）
it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely等词或短语时。
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无that，有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。
用于It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that...句型中,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用"should + 动词原形",should可以省略。例如:
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
1.It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…如：
It's a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2. It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely…）that…
需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。如：
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。
It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。
It's clear that they badly need help. 很明显，他们急需援助。
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓风很可能马上就要到达了。
3.It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…如：
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
4.It seems （happened / appears / doesn't matter / makes no difference / …）that …如：
It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
The Foreign Minister said, "________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

句式
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……

否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.　我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.　我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.　(否定状语)　蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.　(否定状语many weeks)　她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。

主语从句练习
1.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
2. It was he said disappointed me.
A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
5. was to return to school.
A. That really interested him B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really
6.makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
7._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
8. ________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A If B Whether
C That D Where
9. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.
A. whether B. that
C. what D. when
10.What I say and think ___ none of your business.
A. is B. are C. has D have

11. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
12. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
　　A. which B. that C. if D. for
13. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
　　A. There B. This C. That D. It
14. _______ what they told me really true?
　　A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have
15. It matters little _____ a man dies, but ____ matters much is ____ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. that; what; that
16. ____ she couldn't understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest
in her lessons.
　 A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
17. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out
the atmosphere today.
　　A. that B. when C. what D. how
18. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural
differences from one aspect.
　　A. What B. That C. This D. Which
19. -What made her parents so angry?
　　 - _______ she had failed in the examination.
　　A. As B. Because C. Since D. That
20. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
　　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
21. -Do you remember _______ he came?
　　-Yes, I do. He came by car.
　　A. how B. when C. that D. if
22. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
　　A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
　 -Is that _______ you had a few days off?
　　A. why B. when C. what D. where
24. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
　　A. where B. what C. how D. which
25. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
Key: 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
表语从句练习
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that           B. if              C. when          D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because      B. that           C. for            D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where       B. there          C. there where     D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get      B. what we can get
C. who we can get      D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that     B. if         C. whether     D.不填
6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that            B. when           C. why           D. what
7. That is  __ ___ we were late last time.   
A. that          B. when         C. why       D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
　A. that  B. like   C. as    D. as though
9.—I fell sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why         B. when         C. what         D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill             B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill                D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that              B. what            C. why           D. how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what              B. where          C. that            D. why
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

同位语从句练习
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I've come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.[
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
宾语从句
一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或
形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

宾语从句练习
1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
2. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always go shopping
5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home
B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home
D. when his son came home
7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?
---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office
B. how can we get to the post office
C. how get to the post office
D. how could we get to the post office
10. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
C. how long it will D. how long will it
11. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting
B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
D. where would the meeting be held
12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?
---The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit B. when you will visit
C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do B. we should do what
C. what we should do D. should we do what