人教版高中英语选修7Unit-4知识点详解.pdf

第 1 页 共 12 页Unit 4 Sharing核心单词1.relevantadj.有关的；切题的常用结构：be relevant to=have sth.to do with 与有关The meeting is relevant to the matter in hand.这次会议与正在进行的事情有密切关系。In the exams,make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked.在考试时一定要注意，你写的所有内容都要切合题意。联想拓展relevance n.关联；相关性have relevance to 与有关be irrelevant to 与无关have no relevance to=have nothing to do with 与无关What you say has no relevance to the subject.你所说的与主题无关。表示“和有关”的相关短语：be related tobe connected withbe concerned withbe linked tobe associated withbe involved inhave something to do with高手过招单项填空Topics for compositions should be to the experiences and interests of the students.A.concerned B.dependentC.concerning D.Relevant解析：选 D。句意为：作文的题目应与学生的经历和兴趣有关。be relevant to 与有关；而 concerning 是介词，相当于 about,后面不加 to。2.adjust vt.&vi.调整；使适合I usually adjust my watch before I go to work in the morning.我通常早上上班前校准我的表。常用结构：adjust(sth.oneself)(to sth.)使适应；适应It seems that the newcomers have adjusted themselves in the schoo1.新来的同学看来适应了学校生活。He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。These desks and chairs can be adjusted to the height of any child.这些桌子和凳子能被调整到适合任何孩子的高度。第 2 页 共 12 页联想拓展adjustment n.调整；修正adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的注意：该词作不及物动词时，意为“适应于”，后常跟介词 to。高手过招(1)单项填空You cant see things clearly through a telescope unless it is correctly to your sight.A.adjusted B.examined C.checked D.testedYou can this desk the height of any child.A.adjust;to B.make;to C.suit;to D.remain;for(2)翻译句子 （原创）他很快就适应了这种生活方式，从此幸福地生活着。许多新兵没能很快的适应军中生活，结果病倒了。解析：(1)选 A。句意为：通过望远镜你看不清东西，除非你把它调好。adjust.to 调整以适应。选 A。句意为:你可以调节这张桌子以适应孩子的身高。adjust sth.to sth.调整某物以适应某物。(2)He soon adjusted himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.Quite a few new soldiers could not adjust themselves to army life and fell ill.3.participate vi.参加,参与；有关系常用结构：participate in 参加,参与 participate in sth.with sb.同某人参与某事Everyone in class is expected to participate in these discussions.希望全班同学都能参与这些讨论。联想拓展participant n.参加者,参与的人 participation n.参与；分享易混辨析participate in/attend/join/take part in/join in participate in 正式用语，表示参加，参与。强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加。attend 正式用语，一般用于指参加会议，出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，听演讲或讲座等。join 常用词，作及物动词；通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是 the army/party/team/club 等。take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词。如 take(an active)part in school/activities。join in 参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于 join in(doing)sth./join sb.in(doing)sth.结构中。高手过招第 3 页 共 12 页(1)单项填空The teacher is easy-going,and she often in the pupilsgames.A.participates B.actsC.joined D.took part(2)用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 （原创）join/join in/take part in/attend/participate inThey all the plot.At the age of eighteen,he the party.The children the English Evening and had a good time.He didnt school yesterday because of his illness.Zhou Enlai the student movements actively when he was at school.(1)解析：选 A。由时态可排除 C，D 两项；根据句意表示的是“参加一个活动”可知，答案选 A。(2)participated in joined joined in attend took part in4.privilege n.特权；特别待遇vt.给予特权常用结构：enjoy privileges 享受特权the privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有幸做某事privilege sb.from.给某人特权使某人免于I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.但愿有幸和他们再度合作。联想拓展privileged adj.有特权的 be privileged to do sth.荣幸地去做某事We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this evening.我们荣幸地欢迎你今晚来给我们做演讲。解析：选 B。句意为：女士们，先生们，我非常荣幸地介绍今晚的演讲嘉宾。privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有幸做某事。5.donate v.捐赠，赠送常用结构：donate sth.to sb.向某人捐赠某物She donated a large sum of money to the charity.她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。The van was donated to us by a local firm.这辆货车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。联想拓展donation n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款make/give/present a donation to sb.捐赠给某人send a donation to 把捐款寄至promise a donation 应允捐赠 高手过招完成句子 （原创）He (捐赠)a million to the school.The rest of the money we get is (来自捐赠).第 4 页 共 12 页答案：donated from donations单项填空()(1)Local people are lining up to _ blood for the badly burnt girl in yesterdays big fire.A.abandon B.arrange C.donate D.handle()(2)If we all save a little money every day to _ to the Project Hope,then many dropouts can return to school again.A.send B.donate C.present D.give(1)C(2)B6.purchase vt.&n.买；购买;(以某种代价)换得；(经过努力)取得，赢得(常与 with 连用)The new couple spent some money on the purchase of the furniture necessary for their new house.这对新婚夫妇花费了一些钱购买新房子里必备的家具。The farm was sold at ten years purchase.这农场以相当于十年土地收入的价钱售出。常用结构：made a purchase 买件东西leave sb.to his purchase 让某人自谋生路live on ones purchase 自谋生计，自找活路purchase freedom with blood 以血的代价赢得自由purchase and sale 买卖高手过招翻译句子 这是我前几天买来的一件东西。你不努力什么也不能得到。他给他的儿子一些钱买课本。答案：It is a recent purchase of mine/what I purchased the other day.You cant get any purchase without efforts/purchase anything if you dont make any effort.He gave his son some money for the purchase ofto purchase school books.7.distribution n.分配；分发 分布状态At present,the distribution of profits cannot satisfy most of the people.目前利润的分配未能满足大多数人。联想拓展distribute vt.分配;散布distribute sth.to 把某物分配/分发给distribute sth.Among 在分发某物Before the opening ceremony of the super-market,some workers are sent to distribute handbills on the street.超市开业前，一些工作人员被派去街上散发传单。高手过招翻译句子 幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发礼物。救援物资的发放依然在讨论中。答案：The teacher in the kindergarten is distributing the gifts to the children.第 5 页 共 12 页The distribution of the rescuing goods is under discussion.8.otherwise adv.除此之外其他方面除此之外其他方面 adv.&conj.否则；不然否则；不然Well go early,otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。He is rich,but otherwise an unhappy man.他有钱，但在其他方面是个不幸福的人。Their arrival livened up an otherwise dull afternoon.他们的到来让除了无聊其他还算好的下午活跃起来。句型 otherwise/or/or else 引导的后面的分句中常用 would/could/might/should have done 的形式表示虚拟语气。They got two free tickets to Canada；otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A surveyors inspection of the building revealed faults that might otherwise have been overlooked.单项填空()(1)The program has saved thousands of children who would _ have died.A.therefore B.anyhow C.furthermore D.otherwise()(2)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour,otherwise I _ you waiting for such a long time.A.will not keep B.have not kept C.had not kept D.would not have kept即境活用 10Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath,which would_cause danger.Asomehow BmeanwhileCotherwise Dfurthermore解析otherwise 否则，符合句意。somehow 不知怎么地；meanwhile 在此期间；furthermore而且。答案C9.operate v.根据语境猜词义 (1)More important,it could improve the skills to operate the computer.(2)A playgroup operates on the campus.(3)The whole tax system is now operating more efficiently.(4)He did this although he only had permission to operate on the right ear.根据语义找匹配 A.(企业，团体)经营，营业 B.(机器或设备)操作；操纵 C.(系统或过程)运作；运行 D.动手术；开刀 (1)B(2)A(3)C(4)D短语operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术operate a business 经营一家企业come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效put/bring into operation 实施，施行do/perform/carry out an operation 实施行动第 6 页 共 12 页be in operation 在运转中，在行动中，在实施中完成句子 (1)What skills are needed to _(操作这台机器)?(2)The new rules _(开始生效)from next week.(3)The system _(已经运行)for six months.(4)We will have to _(给他的眼睛动手术)(1)operate this machine(2)come into operation(3)has been in operation(4)operate on his eyes 10.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的自愿的；志愿的；无偿的All the teachers work on an entirely voluntary basis.所有的这些老师都是志愿工作的。Thirty two patients volunteered for the research study.32 位病人自愿参加这项研究。on a voluntary basis 在自愿的基础上volunteer for.自愿参加do voluntary work 参加志愿工作volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事volunteer as.志愿当即境活用 5He _ as a teacher in Tibet.Avoted BvolunteeredCparticipated Dreacted解析volunteer as 自愿当。答案B重点短语11.make any(a)difference to 对有任何关系或影响；对起作用It makes a difference which you choose.你选择哪一个，事关重大。Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.你的支持当然会在我们的事业中发挥重要作用。联想拓展make no/a little/much/some difference 没有/有一点/有很大的/有一些差别tell the difference between 说出的差别make a difference between 区分 高手过招 单项填空 Does it any difference whether we leave at 9:00 or at 10:00?A.Tell B.be C.give D.Make 解析：选 D。句意为：我们是 9 点还是 10 点离开会有什么影响吗？make any difference 有影响。12.stick out(of sth.)=stick sth.out of 伸出；突出Dont stick your arm out of the car window.不要把胳膊伸出车窗外。联想拓展stick out for 坚持索取；坚决要求第 7 页 共 12 页stick together 团结在一起；站在一起stick to 坚持；忠于stick up 向上突起；竖起stick up for 支持；维护 高手过招单项填空Once you made a decision,you should it.A.stick out B.stick to C.persist in D.insist on 解析：选 B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一旦你作出决定，你就应该坚持下去。stick to+n./pron.坚持；stick out 突出；坚持；persist in 固执己见；insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。根据句意，选 B。13.get through根据语境猜词义 (1)Lets start;theres a lot of work to get through today.(2)I finally managed to get through my driving test.(3)I tried ringing you several times but I couldnt get through.(4)dont know how were going to get through the winter.根据语义找匹配 A.通过 B.接通 C.熬过；度过 D.完成(1)D(2)A(3)B(4)C单项填空()(1)Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through()(2)When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon _ it.A.got off B.got away C.got across D.got over用适当的介词填空 (3)The government managed to get the new law _.(4)Our new manager is easy to get along _.(5)The farmers are busy getting _ crops these days.(1)C(2)D(3)through (4)with (5)e across 偶然遇到或发现;碰见(无被动语态)用法拓展come about 发生come along/on 一起来;一道走;赶快come out 出来;开花;出版come at 攻击;扑向come to 达到;总计为;苏醒(过来)come up with 想出;提出come to an end 结束 come into effect/force/use 生效/开始使用第 8 页 共 12 页16.in need 在困难中;在危急中用法拓展in need/want of 需要the need for sth 对的需要at ones need 在某人困难时satisfy/meet ones needs 满足某人的需要in surprise 吃惊地 in trouble 处于困境in danger 处于危险中There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事I understand your company is some new computer equipment.我获悉你们公司需要一些新计算机设备。单项填空(2012 浙江杭州高三期中)The charity aims to provide assistance to people .A.in favourB.in particularC.in publicD.in need【答案与解析】D考查介词短语辨析。由 assistance 可知此处应该指提供帮助给在困境中的人。in need“在困境中”,符合语境。in favour“赞同”;in particular“尤其”;in public“公开地;当众”。17.the other day 不久前的一天（一般过去时）不久前的一天（一般过去时）one day(过去时或将来时)some day(将来时)即境活用 13I havent seen Bob these days,and I wonder how things go with him?I_him the other day;he said he worked in a chemical works.Aam going to see Bhave seenCsaw Dhad seen解析the other day 与一般过去时连用。答案C重点句型1.I know youre dying to hear all about my life here,so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。我在我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想像出我所谈到的地方。be dying to do sth 意为“极想做某事”。All of them are dying to see the movie.他们所有人都极想看那部电影。联想拓展be dying for sth.极想得到某物(1)表示“渴望”的相关短语:be thirsty for sth.be eager to do sth.desire to do sth.have a strong desire for sth.long to do sth./for sth.starve for sth.第 9 页 共 12 页have an urge to do sth.be keen to do sth./be keen on doing sth.(2)有关“die”的短语die off 相继死亡die away 消逝；静下来die out 灭绝，废除；绝迹die down 平息；变弱die for ones country 为国家捐躯用 die 的适当短语填空 (1)You may _ know what your new lady thinks about you and your behavior.(2)The deer in the forest are all _ from disease.(3)The noise of the car _ in the distance.(4)Those species inadaptable to changing conditions may _.(1)be dying to (2)dying off(3)died away(4)die out高手过招单项填空Smallpox,a kind of disease,has now died .A.out B.away C.off D.Down解析：选 A。考查短语辨析。die out 灭绝，消失;die away 渐息；die down 平息；die off(花、草)枯死。根据句意，选 A。2.There were no windows and the doorway was just big_enough_to_get_through.没有窗户，没有窗户，门口只能勉强通过。门口只能勉强通过。句法分析(1)enough 用作形容词常见的搭配是：enoughn.to do sth.或者 n.enough to do sth.enoughn.for sb.to do sth.(2)enough 用作副词常见的搭配是：adj./adv.enough(for sb.)to do sth.(3)enough 用作代词作主语或宾语时常见的搭配是：enough for.对来说足够了enough to do sth.足够去做enough of(doing)sth.太多3.The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when,before I knew it,the mixture was bubbling over everywhere.有一天有一天,我正在给孩子们做每周一次的我正在给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示化学实验的演示,我还没明白怎么回事我还没明白怎么回事,混合剂就到处冒气泡了。混合剂就到处冒气泡了。要点精讲本句为一个复杂的复合句,when 这个时间状语从句中,由一个 before 引导的时间状语从句加主句构成。(2010 陕西)John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since【答案与解析】C本题考查句式“it wont be long before.”,表示“过不了多久就”。句第 10 页 共 12 页意:约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作作好准备。4.But last weekend another teacher,Jenny,and I visit a village which is the home of one of the boys,Tombe.不过不过,上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师去访问了一个村庄上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师去访问了一个村庄,那是我学生汤那是我学生汤贝的家。贝的家。该句中的 which 引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,可以与 that 相替换。(2011 四川)The school shop,customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where用关联词完成句子1.The man I saw told me to wait.2.Can you think of anyone could look after him?3.Look at that lady name is Pochi.4.She is a teacher I like very much.5.Those pictures were drawn by Tom are nice.5.She was dying to see him again but what_if he didnt want to see her?她渴望再见到他，她渴望再见到他，但如果他不想见她怎么办？但如果他不想见她怎么办？what if“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于 What shall we/I do if.?what if 中 what 可看做是 what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter(有什么要紧)或 what would happen(将会如何)的省略。What if he gets angry?倘若他生气该怎么办？What if they do not come?即使他们不来又有什么关系呢？拓展：(1)What for?“为什么？”相当于 Why?Well hold a party this weekend.我们要在这个周末开一个聚会。What for?为什么呢？(2)So what?那有什么了不起/有什么关系？He says he doesnt like you.他说他不喜欢你。So what?那有什么关系呢？即境活用 2_we moved the sofa over there?Would that look better?AWhat about BWhat ifCWhat for DHow come6“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，_(他们中大多数)will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.7doubt 后接由 whether 引导的宾语从句To be honest，_(我真有点怀疑，是否)Im making any difference to these boys lives at all.自我诊断：most of whomI doubt whether8did动词原形的强调句 But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I_(确实拜访了一个村第 11 页 共 12 页庄)which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.9with 复合结构在句中作定语Tombes father，Mukap，led us to his house，a low bamboo hut_(草伸出了屋顶)自我诊断：did visit a villagewith grass sticking out of the roof10not.but 连接两个并列成分（就近原则）The gift you give_(不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是)a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.自我诊断：is not something your loved one keeps butIts not your family background but your working ability that decides your future.不是你的家庭背景而是你的工作能力决定了你的前程。Not his mother but his father takes care of him when he is in hospital now.他现在正在住院，是他爸爸而不是他妈妈照顾他。本单元语法限制性定语从句1Shell never forget her stay there_she found her son who had gone missing two years before.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen解析：考查定语从句。先行词 her stay 表示逗留(时间)，在从句中起状语的作用，用关系副词 when 引导定语从句。答案：D2There is no doubt that people_take exercise regularly are expected to live longer than those_dont.Awho；who B/；/Cwho；/D/；who解析：题干中的两个定语从句都缺主语，先行词指人，用 who 引导从句，作主语的 who 不可省略。答案：A3(2011 年潍坊二检)Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_students got injured or killed while in school.Ain which Bfor whichCwhich Dwhen解析：该题考查定语从句。该句中 in which 引导定语从句修饰先行词 accidents。句意：由于对学生在学校受伤或死亡事件的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题。答案：A4(2012 年浙江卷，9)We live in an age _more information is available with greater ease than ever before.Awhy Bwhen Cto whom Don which解析：考查定语从句。先行词为 age 时代表时间，故用 when 引导定语从句。答案：B5This is a reading room，boy.You must act in a way_wont disturb others.Ain which BitCwhich Das第 12 页 共 12 页解析：考查定语从句。句意：你的行为举止不能打扰别人(阅读)。空白处需要填一个关系代词，在从句中作主语，故选 C。答案：C