新版新目标英语七年级下册unit3知识点总结.doc

Unit 3 How do you get to school?
Section A
1.How do you get to school？ how疑问副词，如何,怎样，用什么手段 询问交通工具
(1)take +a/an/the + 表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地,是动词短语，在句中作谓语。
(2)by + 表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in + a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，介词短语 方式状语。
I walk to school.=I get to school on foot. walk = go ..on foot
I ride my bike to schoo.=I get to school by bike.=I get to school on my bike. by bike= ride a / my bike
I take the bus to schoo.=I get to school by bus=I get to school on the bus.
Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car by car = drive a / my car
Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。
(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地

2. get 到达 常与to连用，表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，不需用介词to。
get to Beijing get there get home
reach 到达 其后直接接宾语
arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词

3. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? 从A到B有多远？
答语(1)It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away) from... 有……米/英里/千米（远）
(2)It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
(3)It ‘s far/near.
be far from, away from, from ..to .
be far from, 离…远 My school is far from my home.
具体路程+away from My school is 10 kilometers away from my home.
from…to…从…到…It’s 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home.
A +be +路程距离from +B My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）.

4. How long does it take you to get to school? how long 提问时间，多久
How long have you been in America?For two years.

5. take spend cost pay
(1)spend 主语必须是人
Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth 某人花时间/金钱做某事
(2) cost主语只能是事情。 sth cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱
The skirt costs her 200 yuan.
(3) pay主语必须是人 sb pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱
He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.
(4)take 主语必须是it It takes sb some time( money) to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It took him seven days to make the big cake.

6. around
(1)环绕；围绕；绕过 The earth moves around the sun.
(2)在…四周 There are many trees around the playground.
(3)在…的附近 Is there a park around here ?
(4)大约=about 常与数字连用 at about/around 8 o’colck

7. live v 居住，生活
(1)live on sth 以某物为食 (2) live a ...life 过...生活

Section B
1. bus stop 车站，站点 城镇内外的停车点 bus station 能停，转车辆的汽车站点
at the bus stop

2. What do you think of/about ...? =How do you like...? 你认为.....怎么样？ 询问某人看法的句型
3. cross crossing across
(1) cross v 穿过，横穿、交叉
He crossed the Yellow River yesterday．  昨天他横渡了黄河。
The two streets cross in the centre of the city．  两条街在市中心交叉。
(2)crossing n 十字路口,交叉，十字形 复数形式为crosses
Mr Li marked the paper with a cross． 李老师在试卷上打了一个叉。
You can turn left at the second crossing．  你可以在第二个十字路口向左拐。
(3) across prep 穿过 cross=go across
She crossed the river yesterday． She swam across the river yesterday．  
(4)across与through穿过, 但across指从物体表面上过去，而through指物体内部空间穿过
go across the bridge. 走过那座桥 swim across the river游过河去 walk through the forest步行穿过了森林

4. no作形容词来修饰名词
修饰单数可数名词时，no=not a/an
修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，no=not any
There is no bridge.=There is not a bridge.
I have no problems.=I don’t have any problems.

5.11-year-old是复合形容词，作定语，修饰名词boy,11岁的
数词+名词（+形容词）构成的复合形容词中，名词只能用单数形式。
an 8 -year-old boy一个8岁的男孩

6. be afraid to do　害怕做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，怕
be afraid of doing　唯恐做某事，担心做某事会引起某种后果
be afraid of sth 害怕某物/某事
be afraid that从句 恐怕
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

7.leave vt. 离开
(1) leave for 前往某地，动身去某地
(2) 听任,使处于某种状态 leave the windows open. 让窗子开着
(3) 遗忘;留下，落下 leave sth 介词 sp
(4) 辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等) Mary left school last year and she is working in a shop now.

8.dream of/about 梦想，梦见 come true 实现，成为现实

9. have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，不得不，被迫，有多种时态形式
否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)不必
must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,
否定式must’t 不准，禁止

10. Thanks for...=Thank you for...谢谢你

语法
1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：
(1)take a/an/the+交通工具（单数）
(2) by+交通工具（单数）
(3) on/in+限定词+交通工具

2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：
(1)用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.
(2)用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’ walk.

3.how long 用来提问时间，多久 回答常用for+段时。
How long have you learnt English?For 3 years.
4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用in+时间段来回答。
How soon will you arrive in Beijing?-In 3 hours.

5.感谢用语
Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks. 
That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。
You are welcome 不客气。
It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。
Don’t mention it。别在意。
It was nothing at all.那没什么

6. take，bring与fetch
take 带走，拿走，强调从说话地将人和物带走别的地方去
bring 带走，强调将某人或某物从别的地方带到说话地来
fetch 去拿，去取，即离开说话地去取某物后再回来，强调动作的往返

7. say speak talk tell
say 说，讲，它针对的是说话的内容
speak 说，讲，不强调说话的内容，但有时指讲某种语言，（在会上）发言要用speak
tell 说；告诉，侧重于“告诉”的含义多一些，
tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb (not )to do sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事
talk 谈话；交谈，有不及物动词和名词两种词性，常与with,about或to搭配

8. look read see watch
look 看，强调看的动作，多以词组形式出现，如look at, look like,.look after等
read 读，多指看书、看报、看杂志、看图等
see 看见，看到，侧重于看的结果，常用句式：see sb do/doing sth
watch 观看，注视，指非常仔细地、有目的地、特定地看，多接比赛、电视