初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习.doc

介 词
1． 表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。
2． 表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等
3． 表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等
4． 表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。
常用介词辨析
1． 表示时间的in, on, at, after
1) in 的用法。
用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening
用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring
用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours
2) on 的用法
用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day
用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day
3) at 的用法
用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine
用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time
4) after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock
2. 表示的地点的 in, on , at
in指大地方，at是小地点， in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。
in可指内部， on可指“在…之上”
There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。
There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。
3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.
1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物体接触。
2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。
There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。
4. between, among
Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。
5. across , over, through
Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。
Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？
6. with, in ,by
With后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。
I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。
7. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。
At school 在上学 At the school 在学校 In front of 在…前边（外部）
In the front of 在…前部（内部） In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班
In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上 In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里
Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校
用适当的介词填空
1) He knows everything ______________ the school.
2) He usually goes out for a walk ________ lunch.
3) I have lunch _________ half past eleven.
4) Please look ________ the blackboard.
5.They work ____________8:00 ___________16:00.
5) When do they get up _________ the morning?
6) Will we go ____________ bus or _________ foot?
7.We have learned a lot _________ you.
7) The cup was broken _________ her.
8) Where are you ________? I’m _________Beijing.
9) We are working _________ the people.
10) It is time _________ breakfast.
11) Class begins _________ nine.
12) We come ______________ different parts of America.
13) She lives ________ her father.
14) She often gets up _________ half past six ________ the morning.
15) We stay here _________ six months.
16) You are leaving __________ Shanghai.
17) He was born ____________ 1986.
18) We usually have meetings ___________ Saturday afternoon.
19) Beijing is the capital _________ china.
20) Have a cup _____________ coffee please.
21) Xiao Li was born ___________ March25,1991.
I. 介词的种类
　1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of,
over, behind, up, after, against 等。
　2.  复合介词，如, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
　3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
　　(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。
　　(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
　　(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for,  visit to等.
***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。
II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别
1.  at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子
　　 A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：
　　 at five o’clock （五点），at daybreak （天亮）， at noon （中午）），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时），at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。
　 B. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：
　　　　in 2006（2006年），in May，2004 （2004年五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世纪），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。
C. on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.
　　　on Sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in April （四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night （12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on New Year’s Day.
(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词
2.  between, among(表位置) “在…..之间”
　 A. between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用between, 如 　I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.
B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如： He is the best among the students.
3. beside, besides, except
　 beside意为"在…旁边"， He sat beside me.
besides意为"除…之外", 包括在内。　What do you want besides this?
except意为"除…之外", 不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.
4. in the tree, on the tree
　 in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，
on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西
5. on the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上, on one’s way to .....
by the way 指顺便问一句
in this way 用这样的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways
6. by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法, 固定搭配,  on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
7. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过”
across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river
through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate
past , 从旁边经过.
EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through.
1. We have to walk ____________the gate to go into the factory.
2. When we went __________the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.
3. Look out ___________the window, please.
4. Don’t walk__________the ice. It’s dangerous.
5. Suddenly, a young man ran __________me.
6. If you walk _________the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.
7. The river goes ______________the city.
8. The old man can swim __________the stream.
9. I walked _________him without saying hello.
10. The army moved _____________the forests quietly.
8. on, above, over, “ 在…上”, up,
A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table
B. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上, 与under相对
a cloth over the table , a fan over the table
C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below ,
The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.
D. up表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空
11. in, after    “……以后”
A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.
B. “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间+ later
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.   = He arrived five minutes later.
12. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具，
A. by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式.
B. with 表示用 …工具,
C. in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、颜色)等
D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV
Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.
We Chinese have meals with chopsticks.
The novel is written in English.
Ex: Fill in the blanks with by, with or in,on
1. I sent the message to him _________email.
2. The pupils write _________pencils.
3. Do you know the meaning of word _______Chinese ?
4. The man climbed up to the tree _________a ladder.
5. They solved the problem _________ communicating.
6. The woman was crying ________a low voice.
7. The old man often gets news ______the radio..
8. We often cut things _________a knife.
9. He improved his writing skill ________keeping diaries.
10. My grandpa can sing some songs _______Russian.
13. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on
A. at  (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
B. in  (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
C. on  表示毗邻，接壤
D. to   表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤
III. 介词的其他一些用法.
1. as, 作为. English is used as a mother language.
2. at, 在…旁边, The boy is sitting at the door.
3. but, 除了. He has nothing but money.
4. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.
5. till, until, 直到…, 在…以前. We didn’t go home till five yesterday.
6. with , 有，带着 。 I’d like some coffee with sugar.
7. by, 在….附近 They live by a river.
8. 短语介词: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of
一. 选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).
1. The plane arrived at London airport ______ Wednesday.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
2. What do you usually do ________ Christmas?
A. on B. at C. in D. for
3. The first class begins _______ 8 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on
4. ________last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.
A. For B. / C. By D. During
5. We will be in Nanjing _____ Tuesday ______Thursday.
A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till
6. Mr Black will visit our new school building ______ two days.
A. before B. after C. at D. in
7. _______ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _______ the end.
A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in
8. We will have a football match _____ this Saturday afternoon..
A. on B. / C. in D. for
9. He came to see you _____ the evening of May 10th.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
10. I’m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble ________ my stay here.
A. in B. for C. during D. on
11. The supermarket is open ______ midnight.
A. at B. on C. till D. /
12. Days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.
A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in
19.________ New Year’s eve people usually don’t go to bed until midnight.
A. At B. On C. For D. In
20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV ______ weekends.
A. at B. in C. for D. /
21. Every day the old man takes these children home _____ school.
A. at B. to C. from D. after
22. Could you come to my office ________ the day after tomorrow.
A./ B. on C. in D. at
23. We had built three bridges over the river _______ the end of 1994.
A. at B. on C. for D. by
24. Life will be better _____ the 21st century.
A. at B. on C. for D. in
25. Do you often work late _____ night.
A. at B. in C. for D. during
二. 选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).
1. There is a bridge ________ the river.
A. under B. over C. on D. next
2. There are many beautiful birds ______ the tree.
A. on B. at C. in D. besides
3. My house is _____ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.
A. between B. among C. in D. at
4. Lucy is waiting _____ No.3 bus stop ________ her father.
A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at
5. Is there anything interesting ________ today’s newspaper?
A. in B. on C. at D. /
6. Can you tell me who spoke ________ the meeting ?
A. at B. along C. in D. for
7. My uncle lives ______ 208 Smith Street.
A. at B. on C. to D. with
8. At last we reaches the village ______ the hill.
A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from
9. Shanghai is _______ the east of China and Japan is _______the east of China.
A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /in
10. ________ the end of the street you can find the post office.
A. By B. At C. On D. In
11. Do you often listen ________the programmes ________ the radio.
A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to
12. Please wait ________the office . Don’t come in until you are called.
A. in B. into C. inside D. outside
13. Are you going to leave Guangzhou __________ Beijing?
A. for B. to C. from D. in
14. There is a hole _______ the wall.
A. in B. at C. for D. towards
15. Can you tell me the way ______ Shanghai Zoo?
A. to B. at C. for D. towards
三. 选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)
1. Thank you _______ your coming.
A. to B. of C. by D. for
2. He spent a long time ______ the maths problem.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
3. Mr Li is going to help him ________ his Chinese this afternoon.
A. with B. on C. by D. at
4. How much did you pay ________ this book?
A. for B. at C. on D. with
5. Please translate the sentence ______ English.
A. into B. to C. at D. for
6. Please fill the bottle_______ tea.
A. by B. with C. for D. in
7. The machines cut big pieces of metal ____small pieces.
A. in B. by C. to D. into
12. You can borrow the book ________ your school library.
A. from B. to C. for D. at
13. I prefer coffee_______ tea.
A. over B. to C. for D. than
14. Would you show me ________ your factory?
A. to B. in C. at D. round
15. Help yourself_______ some fish. It tastes very nice.
A. with B. on C. in D. to
16. They haven’t decided________ the date for the next meeting.
A. for B. by C. in D. on
17. Let me introduce her _______ you.
A. with B. on C. to D. for
18. Li Ling fell _____ his bicycle this morning
A. on B. down C. off D. to
19. I shouted______ her, but shi didn’t hear me.
A. to B. at C. on D. for
20. Tom has made friends_____ many Chinese students.
A. with B. to C. by D. among
四. 选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)
1. Can you find out the answer__________ these questions?
A. of B. for C. to D. with
2. __________ his help, I passed the English test yesterday.
A. Under B. Of C. With D. by
3. Don’t forget to bring your text book ______ you.
A. in B after C. with D. to
4. The people are waiting ____ the bus, and they ate standing ____ line.
A. for/on B. for/in C. at /on D. at/in
5. Can you sing this song _____ English?
A. with B. in C. by D. for
6. Who is the boy _____ blue trousers?
A. in B. on C. with D. at
7. He decided to get some medicine_______ his cold.
A. to B. of C. on D. for
8. The baby’s sleeping. Don’t speak_______ such a loud voice.
A. with B. in C. on D. at
9. China is a large country _______ a long history.
A. for B. in C. by D. with
10. We can’t live even for a few minutes______ air.
A. in B. without C. by D. with
11. The soldiers are standing__________ a row.
A. in B. on C. by D. with
12. She always serves her customers _______ a smile.
A. in B. with C. by D. on
13. Don’t read _____ the sun. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for
14. How many students go to school _____ foot?
A. by B. in C. on D. with