初中英语从句讲解和练习.doc
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1、初中英语从句讲解宾语从句一定义:宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二宾语从句的特点: 1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态三.类型宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样,也有三种类型: 1由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。例如:I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see (that) Im a bird?注
2、意:1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时,宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:I dont think he will come.我认为他不会来。2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经)”等一般疑问句的含义。例如:I won
3、der whether (if) he lives here.The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要强调“究竟还是不”,常用连词whether引导宾语从句,后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如:Id be interested to know whether he will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=Id be interested to know whet
4、her or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。例如:To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old hi
5、s brother was. 四.宾语从句的时态呼应:1)当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2)主句是过去时,宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,宾语从句仍然用现在时态。3)情态动词must一般不用于过去时,但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。二.宾语从句的语序;A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him三.宾语从
6、句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”。A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时)4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时)5.He wonders what I was
7、 doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)6.My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)8.My friends hopes me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带
8、“过”字的时态分别是如:1.一般过去时,2.过去进行时,3.过去将来时,4.过去完成时1.He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时)4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时)5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的
9、一般过去时)C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时,如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth2.He told me that one and one makes two. 状语从句状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目,一定要特殊注意。英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,根据状语的功能状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。一时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接
10、词:when(当时候) while(当时候) as(当时候) after(在以后) before(在以前) as soon as(一就) since(自从到现在) till /until(直到才) by the time(到为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例:1.when当的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候,开始写音乐作品。I will become a teacher when I grow up当我长大了,我要当老师2.while当时
11、He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在的同时;一边一边He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年
12、了。6.as soon as 一就(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)We began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来,他
13、就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9. by the time 到为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there ,
14、his father has already gone.他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了。By the time I got to school, the class had already began.我到校时,已经开始上课了。用法辨析:1.when, while和as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如: When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some wat
15、er for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词) We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while y
16、ou like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比) As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边一边”) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) as when while的辨析as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:as表示“一边。一边的
17、意思强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时 用于发生时间较段时when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。2、whenand then; at that moment (正在那个时候)3.常用于常见搭配中while 1、用于时间较长时2、 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里时,正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he cal
18、led me.我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要离开,忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替 She thought I was talking about her daughter, wh
19、ile, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折,对比,when, as都不能代替它) While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (w
20、hen/ while) father was away.妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如: I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the
21、 meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,表述为:现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在
22、It is 时间since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 知识扩展1. It is since从。以
23、来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词,表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2. It is +before(。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。It was an hour before(until) the police arrived.过了一个小时,警察才来。二.原因状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导1.I d
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