高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习.doc

虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。
一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法：
1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job.
b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office.
与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were）
主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形
2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam.
b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire.
与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词
主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done
3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping.
与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do
主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do
二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如：
a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.
从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）
b. If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
从句叙述与现在事实相反（过去式），主句叙述与过去事实相反（would have done）
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的适用：
a. They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people.
b. He suggested that we (should) start off at once.（建议）
His smile suggested that he was satisfied with our work.（暗示，表明）
c. I insisted that you (should) give me my money back.（坚决（持），要求）
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.（坚持说/坚持认为）
这类动词有：一坚持（insist），二命令（order, command），三建议（advise, suggest, recommend, propose），四要求（require, request, demand, desire）
d. I wish I were a bird.
I do wish you would come earlier next time.
I wish I had done better in my work.
四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的适用：
1. It was / is important / vital / necessary / appropriate / proper / right that……
eg: It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
2. It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
据建议/要求/命令……
eg: It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children alone.
五、虚拟语气在表语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。如：suggestion, proposal, advice, order, demand, requirement等）构成的表语从句常用should + do结构
eg：Our suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off.
六、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。如：suggestion, proposal, advice, order, demand, requirement等）构成的同位语从句中常用should + do结构
eg: Doctors give us some advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health.
七、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气：由but for（要不是），Without（要是没有），otherwise（要不然）,but等引导
如：but for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.
Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the driving test.
I was too busy at that time. Otherwise I would have called you.
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.
注意：句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。
八、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、It’s (high) time that 从句: (从句用过去式或者should + 动词原形
eg：It’s high time that you went to school.
2、If only（要是……就好了……）用一般过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成的表示与过去事实相反。
eg：If only I were a film star.
If only I had known his phone unmber.
3、as if引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气：
eg: He treats me as if I were his own son.
She speaks English so fluently as if she had learned English in America for years.
He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
4、would rather + that从句中的虚拟语气
eg: I would rather that you paid me now.
I would rather that you hadn’t done it before.
5、虚拟语气也常用于“if it were / had been not for……”句型中，意为“要不是……”
eg: If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.
6、省略if的虚拟语气：从句中有were, had, should等词语，省略if，将were, had, should提到句首，如：
a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
b. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
→Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
c. If I had had the money last year, I would have bought the house.
→Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house.
（ ）1. If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
（ ）2. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just taking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
（ ）3. Don’t handle the vase as if it made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
（ ）4. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
（ ）5. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited
C. would visit D. would have visited
（ ）6. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live
（ ）7. We the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
（ ）8. If my car more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
（ ）9. Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
（ ）10. ―Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
―I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
（ ）11. I through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
（ ）12. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
（ ）13. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
（ ）14. If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
（ ）15. ―John went to the hospital alone.
―If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
（ ）16. ―The weather has been very hot and dry.
―Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die
C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
（ ）17. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A. would have been saved B. had been saved
C. will be saved D. was saved
（ ）18. I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
（ ）19. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
（ ）20. This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might