中考英语定语从句用法归纳总结.doc

中考定语从句用法归纳总结

定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词 关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
先行词 关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.
一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
注意whose在从句中作定语。如：
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．
妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
This is the house whose window was broken in the winds last night.
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

注意1. that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时. This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open (开放)to us.（3）先行词本身是that时，用which.
eg, What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
注意2. that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
He’s the cleverest boy that my teacher likes.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词who\which时
Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,few,some,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时 You should hand in all that you have. We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the last,the right等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class. He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.他正是把那个女孩从水里救出来的那个男人。
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before（8）当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中做表语时，用that.
He is not the man that he used to be.他不再是从前的他了。
注意3. 用who不宜用that的情况
（1） 先行词是指人的不定代词，eg: one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,those等。
Those who have good manners will be respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊敬。
（2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.找妈妈时迷路的那个男孩正哭得厉害。
五．定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house +I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born\in which I was born. 介词+关系代词
先行词 关系副词. 这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
Do you still remember the place where we first met?
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory----- they want to visit.
2 My sister works in a bookshop in we can read many kinds of books
3 Have you visited the city the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through he could study the skies.
6 The pencil with ________ he wrote was broken.
7 Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
8 I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to。
六． 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语.
He came at a time +we needed help at a time.介词短语
=He came at a time when we needed help关系副词
at which we needed help介词+关系代词
I shall never forget the day when I joined the League.
I shall never forget the days that we spent together last summer vacation.
七．关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why,在从句中做状语。
如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
Multiple choice:
1. He came back to the village ______ he spent years in his childhood.
A. which B. that C. 不填 D. in which
2. The village _________ he stayed for five years has disappeared in the map.
A. which B. that C. 不填 D. where
3. How can I forget the days ______ we spent together?
A. which B. when C. in which D. where
4. He did not give the reason _____ he was late for school.
A. that B. which C. why D. how
5. The reason ________ he told us at the meeting is a made-up story now.
A. that B. why C. for which D. when
6. Who was the man _______ you talked a moment ago?
A. that B. who C. whom D. to whom
7. Most of the land areas _____ were covered by trees before have become deserts.
A. where B. which C. in which D. 不填
8. The book _____ I spent 30 yuan is well worth reading.
A. which B. on which C. that D. on that
9. I still remember the little wooden room ___ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. in which
10. He is the only one of those boys who never ______ late for school.
A. has B. have C. come D. comes
11. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___________ were popular then.
  A. 不填                B. that                   C. which               D. who
12. This is the reason_________ he is leaving now.
A. that B. which C. why D. 不填
13. It is for this reason ______ he is leaving now.
A. that B. which C. why D. 不填
14. I have the same magazine_________ you bought just now.
A. which B. like C. that D. as
15. I have never heard so strange a story_______ he told us.
A. that B. which C. but D. as
16. Can you think of a situation _________ this word can be used as a verb?
A. that B. which C. in which D. 不填
17. Can you tell me the name of the factory ______ you visited last week?
A. as B. where C. 不填 D. when
18. We all have heard of Thomas Edison, ______ invented the electric light and many other things.
A. one B. the one C. a man D. who
19. The day will come ________ the people all over the world will live in peace.
A. that B. where C. how D. when
20. In my memory, my hometown is still the small, quiet town _______ it used to be.
A. where B. as C. that D. there
21. Please take any seat _____________ is free.
  A. which           B. where             C. in which         D. that
22. I asked the young librarian, _________ I don’t think I know, to help me find the book I wanted.
A. the name of his B. his name C. whose name D. the name
23. All _______is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
24. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
25. She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
26. Mr. Zheng gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ____ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
27. I don’t like ________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
28. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
29.____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
30. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
Keys:
1~5 D D A C A 6~10 D B B D D 11~15 B C A D D
16~20 C C D D B 21~25 D C B D B 26~30 A A C B B