新标准大学英语4课文翻译.doc

Unit 1 Active reading (1) 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job.How tough should a parent be to galvanize them in these financially fraught times? 今年夏天，超过 65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道 怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？In July,you looked on as your handsome 21-year-old son,dressed in gown and mortarboard,proudly clutched his honours degree for his graduation photo.Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party,began to fade.Until now.七月，你看着 21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握 着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让 儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。总算熬到头了。As the summer break comes to a close and students across the country prepare for the start of a new term,you find that your graduate son is still spending days slumped in front of the television,broken only by texting,Facebook and visits to the pub.This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.Will he ever get a job? 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你 发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。他只是偶尔走开去发短信， 浏览社交网站 Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员。他能找到工作吗？This is the scenario facing thousands of families.More than 650,000 students left university this summer and most in these financially testing times have no idea what to do next.Parents revert to nagging; sons and daughters become rebels without a cause, aware that they need to get a job, but not sure now. 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过 65万大学生毕 业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什 么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己 该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。Jack Goodwin,form Middlesex,graduated with a 2:1 in politics from Nottingham this summer.He walked into the university careers service and straight back out again;there was a big queue.He lived with five other boys all of whom did the same.There was no pressure to find a job,even though most of the girls he knew had a clearer plan. 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系 毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住的另外 5个男孩也 都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数 女生都有更清晰的计划。 “I applied for a job as a political researcher,but got turned down,”he says.”They were paying 18,000,which doesnt buy you much more than a tin of beans after rent,but they wanted people with experience or masters degrees.Then I applied for the Civil Service fast stream.I passed the exam,but at the interviews they accused me of being too detached and talking in language that was too technocratic,which I didnt think possible,but obviously it is.”他说：“我申请政治学研究工作， 但被拒了。 他们给的年薪是 1万 8千 镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。但在 面试时，他们说我太冷漠了，谈吐太像专家治国国论者。我觉得自 己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。”Since then he has spent the summer “hiding”.He can recount several episodes of Traffic Cops and has seen more daytime television than is healthy.He talks to his friends about his aimless days and finds that most are in the same boat. One has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents.For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub.So how about working behind the bar,to pay for those drinks?”I dont want to do bar work.I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university, where I worked really hard to get a good degree,”he says.”Now Im back at the same stage as those friends who didnt go to uni at all,who are pulling pints and doing dead-end jobs.I feel that Ive come full circle.”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”他能够轻松复述交通警察中的 。 若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。跟朋友 谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。其 中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市摆货，其余的都是白天 9点到 5点“无 所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？这样还可 以挣些酒钱。 “我不想在酒吧工作，我上的是综合性中学，我拼命读书才考 上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才得到一个好学位。可现在 我却跟那些没上过大学的朋友处在同一个水平线上， 他们整天给客人倒酒， 干无聊的活。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。 Jacqueline Goodwin, his mother, defends him. She insists that he has tried to get a job,but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed.”I have always had to work,”she says. “Its difficult because when you have a degree, it opens new doors for you, or youd like to think that it does.”他的母亲杰奎琳古德温为他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力了， 她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，可是她和她的丈夫发现，建议儿子如何 继续找工作是件很棘手的事情。她说，“我一直都必须工作。现在找工作很 难，因为如果你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新的机会，至少你自己会这么想。”Although she is taking a soft line with her son at the moment, she is clear that after an upcoming three-week trip to South America, his holiday from work will have to end. He may even have to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.虽然现在她对儿子的态度还比较温和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度 三星期的假之后，他的休假就结束了。他可能还得付房租，分担家庭开支。“Theyve got to grow up at some point. Weve finished paying for university, so a little bit of help back is good,” she says.”The South America trip is the cutoff point.When he comes back therell be Christmas work if nothing else.” 她说，“在某个时候他们总该长大成人，我们已经帮了他们交了大学的 学费，所以他们也该给我们一点点回报了。南美度假就是一个分水岭，他 回来以后如果找不到工作，那就打圣诞节零工好了。”Gael Lindenfield, a psychotherapist and the author of The Emotional Healing Strategy, says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note. The transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children: Crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making life too comfortable for their offspring. 心理治疗师盖尔林登费尔德是情感康复策略的作者。她说古德 温家长的说法是很恰当的，从上大学到工作的转换对孩子和父母来说都很 艰难，关键是他们要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间取得平衡。 “The main job for the parents is to be there because if they start advising them what to do, that is when the conflict starts. If you have contacts, by all means use those,” she says. “But a lot of parents get too soft,Put limits on how much money you give them,ask them to pay rent or contribute to the care of the house or the pets.Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy.”“父母的主要任务就是支持他们，如果他们教导孩子该如何做就会引 起矛盾，”她说。“如果有熟人，一定要找他们想办法。但很多父母心太软 了。必须限制孩子的零花钱，要求他们交房租，或分担日常生活或养宠物 的花销。父母要过正常的生活，不要让孩子随便用你们的银行卡或者榨干 你们的情感能量。”Paying for career consultations, train fares to interviews or books are good things; being too pushy is not. But while parents should be wary becoming too soft, Lindenfield advises them to tread sympathetically after a job setback for a few days or even weeks - depending on the scale of the knock. After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle.为他们支付职业咨询费、面试交通费及书费是好事，但不能催得太紧。 林登费尔德建议：虽说父母不能太宽容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母应该体谅他们，宽容他们几天甚至几周这要看他们受打击的程度 来决定。等他们缓过来之后，父母就该坚决要求孩子继续求职。 Boys are more likely to get stuck at home. Lindenfield believes that men are often better at helping their sons, nephews, or friends sons than are mothers and sisters. Men have a different way of handing setbacks than women, she says, so they need the male presence to talk it through. 男孩更容易困在家里。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助 他们的儿子、侄子、或朋友的儿子。她说，由于男人和女人处理挫折的方 式不同，孩子们需要跟男人谈话，才能度过难关。As for bar work, she is a passionate advocate:Its a great antidote to graduate apathy. It just depends on how you approach it.Lindenfield, who found her first job as an aerial photographic assistant through bar work, says it is a great networking opportunity and certainly more likely to get you a job than lounging in front of TV. 她强烈支持他们去酒吧工作：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方。这工 作好不好要取决于你如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的时候，林登费尔德找 到了她的第一份工作，当航拍助手。她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝 好机会，肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作。“The same goes for shelf-stacking. You will be spotted if youre good at it. If youre bright and cheerful and are polite to the customers, youll soon get moved on. So think of it as an opportunity; people who are successful in the long run have often got shelf-stacking stories,”she says. 她说： “给超市上货也一样。如果干得好，你就会被人发现的。如果你 聪明、活泼，对顾客彬彬有礼，你很快就会升职。所以，把它看作是机会， 那些最终能成功的人士都有在超市上货的经历。 ”Your son or daughter may not want to follow Hollywood stars such as Whoopi Goldberg into applying make-up to corpses in a mortuary, or guarding nuclear power plants like Bruce Willis,but even Brad Pitt had to stand outside El Pollo Loco restaurant chain in a giant chicken suit at one time in his life. None of them appears the poorer for these experiences. 你的儿子或女儿可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活，比如像乌比戈 德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆，或者像布鲁斯威利斯那样在核电站当警 卫，但即便是布拉德皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大的鸡套装站在墨西哥快 餐连锁店 El Pollo Loco的门口招揽生意。他们中没有一个人因为这些经历 而变得越来越穷。Unit 2 Active reading(1)危险！书可能会改变你的人生Like Lewis Carrolls Alice,who falls into a rabbit hole and discovers a mysterious wonderland, when we pick up a book we are about to enter a new world.We become observers of life from the point of view of a person older than ourselves, or through the eyes of a child. We may travel around the globe to countries or cultures we would never dream of visiting in real life. Well have experiences which are new, sometimes disconcerting, maybe deeply attractive, possibly unpleasant or painful,but never less than liberating from the real world we come from.刘易斯卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉到兔子洞里，在那里发现了一 个神奇的仙境。当我们打开一本书时，我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界。我们能从一个年长人的角度，或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生 活；我们可以周游世界，遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化； 我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情，这些事情有时令人不安，也许引人入胜； 可能是不愉快的也可能是令人痛苦的，但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实 世界中解放出来。 The English poet William Cowper(1731-1800) said “Varietys the very spice of life , That gives it all its flavour” although he neglected to say where or how we could find it.But we know he was right.We know we live in a world of variety and difference. We know that people live various different lives,spend their time in various different ways,have different jobs,believe in different things,have different opinions,different customs,and speak different languages.Normally, we dont know the extent of these differences,yet sometimes when something unusual happens to make us notice,variety and difference appear more as a threat than an opportunity.英国诗人威廉考珀（17311800）说，“变化是生活的调味品，它让 生活变得有滋有味。”虽然他没有说在什么地方以及怎样才能找到变化，但 我们知道他说得对。我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里，我们知道人们的生活方式各不相同，人们过日子的方式不同，做不同工作， 有不同信仰，持不同观点，有不同的风俗习惯，操不同语言。通常，我们不知道这些差异的大小， 但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意， 这种变化或差异与其说是机会，毋宁说是威胁。Reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow. To interact with other peoples lives in the peace and quiet of our homes is a privilege which only reading fiction can afford us. We even understand, however fleetingly, that we have more in common with other readers of books in other cultures than we might do with the first person we meet when we step out of our front doors. We learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon and a landscape far away from home. 读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异，为我们提供成长的机会。在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动，这是阅读小说才享 有的特权。我们甚至感觉到哪怕只是在那一瞬间我们和异文化读 者的共同点要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点。我们学会把 目光移出我们周围的环境，投向天边，去领略一下异域山水。If we ever question the truth of the power of reading books, we should take the trouble to go to our local library or bookshop, or even, if were fortunate enough, to the books on our shelves at home. We should wonder at the striking vistas created by the titles of novels ranging from the classics to the most recent:The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Fourth Hand by John lrving, Cancer Ward by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway, Our Man in Havana by Graham Greene, The Time Travellers Wife by Audrey Niffenegger or Slamon Fishing in the Yemen by Paul Torday. Then we should reflect on the other lives well meet once we begin to read.如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话，我们就应该麻烦自己去一 趟当地的图书馆或书店，或者，如果我们足够幸运的话，从家里的书架上 取一本书来读一读。 我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象：约翰斯坦贝克的 愤怒的葡萄 约翰、 欧文的 第四只手 亚历山大、 索 尔仁尼琴的癌症病房 、厄内斯特海明威的丧钟为谁而鸣 、格雷厄 姆格林的哈瓦那特派员 、奥黛丽尼芬格的时间旅行者的妻子 、 保罗托迪的到也门钓鲑鱼 。一旦开始阅读，我们就必须思考我们在书 中读到的别样人生。Every book will have its own language and dialect, its own vocabulary and grammar. We may not always understand every word or sentence, but whether were enchanted or whether we feel excluded, our emotions are nevertheless stimulated. Other people and other cultures are not always distant because of geography. In a book we may confront people who live in a different climate, have different religious beliefs, or come from from a different ethnic group.Even ours neighbours down the road may be strangers who we can only meet through books.每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法。我们不见得总能理解 其中的每一个字、句，但不管我们是痴迷其中，还是觉得被排除在外，我 们的情感被调动起来了。尽管在地理上有一定的距离，但其他民族、其他 文化未必就离我们那么遥远。在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不 同信仰、来自不同民族的人。即便是住在同一条街上的邻居，我们都有可 能只在书上相识。As soon as we are able to listen, books are supremely influential in the way we live. From the bedtime story read by a parent to their child all the way though to the sitting room lined with books in our adult homes, books define our lives.The English writer E.M.Forster(1879-1970) even hinted at a more mystical power which books possess over us.He wrote,”I suggest that the only books that influence us are those for which we are ready,and which have gone a little further down our particular path than we have gone ourselves.”Its as if the right book comes to seek us out at the right moment, and offers itself to us-its not us who seek out the book. 小时候，在我们刚刚能听讲的时候，书对我们的生活方式就产生了很 大的影响。 从父母给孩子读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书柜的客厅， 书界定了我们的人生。英国作家 E. M.福斯特（18791970）暗示书对我们 具有另一种更加神秘的支配力。他写道： “我认为能影响我们的书籍是那些 我们已经准备要读的书，它们只是在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更 远一些而已。 合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们，出现在我 ”们面前，而不是我们去寻找那本书。 Thomas Merton(1915-1968),the American monk,priest and writer,was once asked a series of seven questions by a journalist:Name the last three books you have read,the three books you are reading now ,the books you intend to read ,the books that have influenced you, and why, a book that everyone should read,and why.For the books which had influenced him,he cited poetic works of William Blake,various plays by ancient Greek thinkers and writers,and a number of religious writings.When asked why they had influenced him,he replied, “These books and others like them have helped me to discover the real meaning of my life,and have made it possible for me to get out of the confusion and meaninglessness of an existence completely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything.”美国修士、牧师及作家托马斯默顿（19151968）曾经被记者一连串 地问了 7个问题：说出你最近读完的 3本书；你正在读的 3本书；你打 算要读的书；对你有影响的书，并解释为什么；一本每人都要读的书，并 解释为什么。关于对他有影响的书，他列出了威廉布莱克诗集 、古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以及一些宗教作品。当被问及这些书为何会 影响他时，他回答说： “这些书还有其他类似的书籍帮助我找到了 人生的真谛，它们把我从生活的困惑和空虚中解脱出来。销售就是一切的 文化培育了人的需求和被动，而那种生活就深陷其中。”So how would you answer the questions?那么，你又会如何回答这些问题呢？In 1947,Clifton Fadiman coined the term home-run book.When a baseball player hits a home run, he hits the ball so hard and so far hes able to run round the four bases of the diamond, and score points not only for himself but for the other runners already on a base. Its the most enjoyable and satisfying event in a baseball game. Likewise, a home-run book describes not the childs first reading experience, but the first time they read a book which induces such pleasure and satisfaction that they cant put it down. For hundreds of millions of children around the world,the best know example of a home-run book will be the Harry Potter stories.1947年，克里夫顿费迪曼发明了“全垒打书籍”这个词。当一个棒 球手打出一个全垒打时，因为击球有力、打得远，他有时间跑完整个棒球 场内的四个垒，不仅自己得分，而且帮其他各个垒的跑垒者得分，这是棒 球赛里