人教版高一英语必修3UNIT5知识点详解+练习.doc

荷香书苑王老师英语高一必修3
UNIT 5 Canada--- “The True North”
Words
multicultural quiz capital national president minster
governor describe coast aeroplane continent baggage
chat scenery eastward surround harbor increase rapidly extremely measure aboard grizzly eagle
compete within border slightly acre province
urban supply resource location informal appearance
department amount entirely scientific terrify reality
mixture bush maple frost confirm wealthy
misty booth downtown approximately buffet broad nearby traditional conclusion impressed strength summit fragrance faint pearl schoolmate amazed
Phrases:
be on trip 去某地旅行（表动态） rather than 与其；不愿 as well as less than
chat with sb 与某人聊天 settle down定居；平静下来；专心于 be famous for
manage to do 设法做 catch slight of 看见，瞥见 all over the world
have a gift for 有...天赋 be amazed to see 惊讶的看到 because of
go through 穿过；经历；遭受；仔细检查；完成 sail up 沿...向上游行
in charge of in the distance at dawn
Grammar:
1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across China.
1) would do...rather than do ...=would rather do ...than do...=prefer to do ...rather than do ...宁愿做...而不愿做...
2) all the way 一路上，一直，自始至终
(2014安徽高考)What we expect from you is working hard____________hardly working.
A.less than B.rather than C.as well as D.as much as
(2014浙江高考) Facing up to your problems rather than ____________(run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.
2. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.
1) on the way to 在去...的路上，即将
by the way 顺便说一下 by way of 经由；通过....方法
in a way 在某种程度上 in the way 妨碍；挡道
in some way 在某些方面 lose one’s way 迷路
out of the way 不挡道 make one’s way to 前往...
in no way 绝不 feel one’s way 摸索着走
2) chat vt/vi. 闲谈，聊天，闲聊
chat about 聊及， 谈论 chat with.....与.....聊天=have a chat with sb. about sth.
(2013福建高考) Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always _____________the way whenever she tries to.
3. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.人们说温哥华市加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环绕。
surround v.包围，围绕
surround...with...用...把...围住 be surrounded by/with ...被...围住
surrounding adj.附近的，四周的 surroundings n.环境（复数）
(2011陕西高考)Some insects take on the color of their____________(surround)to protect themselves.
4. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 meters.
measure v.测量，衡量，判定n.计量制；测量，估量；措施
make ...to one’s measure 量身定做 take measure to do sth 采取措施做某事
独立主格结构：
名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语，在句中做时间、条件、原因、伴随状语。
(2011浙江高考)Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures,some____________(have)a life span of around 20years.
(2012全国高考)The party will be held in the garden,weather________________(permit).
(2014江苏高考)The lecture____________(give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.
(2015江苏高考) Much time______________(spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
5. The afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.
1) aboard 在船（车、飞机）上。所谓“在船（车、飞机）上” 就是“在其板上（on board)”
abroad 在国外。所谓“在国外”就是“在广阔的环境中”
go aboard 上船（飞机，火车） go abroad 去国外
2) settle down 定居；（使）平静下来；专心于（后接介词to)
settle down to (doing)sth 开始认真做某事
settle on 决定 settle in /into 适应（新的家、工作、环境等）
(2013陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from__________.
(2013安徽高考)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they __________ on their life journey.
A. give up B.settle down C.get through D.set off
6. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
1) manage to do 设法做成某事=succeed in doing
辨析： manage to do 与try to do
manage to do: 设法做成，动作一定成功了
try to do: 试图或努力做，动作不一定成功
2) catch sight of 看见，瞥见
链接：
come into sight 进入视野，出现在眼前，看见
lose sight of 看不见，消失
lose one’s sight 失明 out of sight 看不见
in/within sight 在视野内，看得见
at first sight 初见，乍见 at the sight of 一看见
(2015天津高考)Having worked for two days,Steve ___________ _________ _________
(设法完成)his report on schedule.
(2010山东高考) Your house is always so neat--how do you__________it with three children?
A. manage B.serve C.adapt D.construct
(2014福建高考) As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can __________ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of B.get hold of C.take charge of D.make mention of
7. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
have a gift for 有...天赋/才能
gifted =talented 有天赋的，有才华的
链接：be gifted in.....= have a talent for ... 有...天赋，有... 才能
(2015四川高考)Brian_________ _________ ___________(有...天赋)writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
8. At school,they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometers of the USA border, and that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million.... 她们在学校就已经学过，大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以外的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点 ......
1) within 在...之内，在里面
within reach 在够得着的地方 within sight 可以看见；在视野内
within one’s power 力所能及 within limits 在一定范围内
(山东高考) It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot__________easy reach.
A.near B.upon C.within D.around
2) border n.边界；边防；国界v.与...接壤；接近
3) slight adv.轻微地，稍微
(全国高考) The English spoken in the United State is only____________(slight) different from that spoken in England.
9. The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people. 将会发生地震的说法吓坏了很多人。
terrify 使恐惧，惊吓；使十分害怕
be terrified of/that 惧怕.....害怕.... be terrified of doing sth 害怕做某事
be terrified at/by 因... 而害怕
terrifying adj.令人恐惧的；使人害怕的 terrified adj.感到恐惧的；感到害怕的
terror n. 恐惧；可怕的人或事
frighten sb into (doing)sth 使某人吓得做某事
10. The families __________ are usually all mixed up. _________ 家庭通常都是混合的。
mix v.(使）混合，掺和；调配，配制 mixture n.混合（物）；混合状态
mixed adj. 混合的；复杂的
mix with 与...混合；融合
mix A with B=mix A and B(together) 把A和B混合/融合在一起
mix up 弄乱，弄混；混淆
11. The next morning the brushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
confirm 证实；确认；使确信；批准 confirmation n.确认
confirm sth /that/wh-证实.... It has been confirmed that...已经确定...
confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
12. Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.
wealthy adj.富有的
be wealthy in =be in rich in 在...方面丰富，富有
18. In the distance,they would see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls,which is on the south side of the lake. 远处，他们可以看到在湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。
in the distance 在远方，在远处；远方的，远处的
keep one’s distance from...与...保持距离
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡；同某人疏远
at a distance 隔...距离
19. It’s approximately four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.
approximately adv.大约，接近=about approximate 大约的，近似的
20. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them. 当她们坐在一家自助餐厅里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐到了他们的身边。
句法分析：这是一个主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句，在时间状语句中，现在分词短语looking over...作伴随状语
broad adj. 宽阔的，广泛的
be broad awake 完全醒着
a broad mind 心胸宽阔
broaden one’s horizons 拓展视野
(2011山东高考)They are____________ _________ __________ (拓展视野) to speed up the flow of traffic.
21. Most of us speak English and French, but the city has French culture and traditions.
tradition 传统，风俗
It’s a tradition for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是一个传统
It’s a tradition that... ....是一个传统
by tradition 按照传统习俗
(2011山东高考)There’s a___________in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B.balance C.concern D.relationship
22. pleased adj.满意的，高兴的，愉快的
be pleased with 对...感到满意 be pleased that 很高兴
be pleased to do sth 高兴/乐于做某事
23. impress 使印象深刻；使铭记
impress sb with sth 给某人留下...印象
be impressed by/with/at 对...印象深刻
be impressed on sb/one’s mind /memory 使某人印象深刻
impression n.印象；感想
impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
(2012山东高考) My first___________(impress）of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
(2014湖北高考) What was so ___________ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
A. awful B.essential C.impressive D.obvious
24. You’re going to see some great scenery.
scenery n.景色，风景
辨析： scenery, scene, view, sight
scenery 指一个地区“整个风景”，由多个scene构成的景色
scene 指“一眼可以浏览的风景”，但多半包括其中的人物、动作和行为
view 指在远处或高处以人的角度看到的scenery的一部分
sight “风景；名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观
During holidays, he always goes to the countryside to enjoy natural____________(scene).
25. You’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.
as well as 除...外，还有...;不但...而且...
as well 也；还；除...之外 just as well 还是... 好，不妨
as long as 和... 一样长 as much as 和...一样多
besides 除...之外（还有） in addition to 除...之外（还）
other than 除了.... apart from 除...外（还)
except 除...外，只有 except that 除了，只是
But除....之外，没有... except for ... 除...外（可位于句首）
Our vacation was totally ruined. Not only was the food terrible, but the weather was awful_____________.
A. though B.as well C.either D.however
(2013上海高考)----I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas? ---How about the Moon Lake? It is__________ easy reach of the city.
A. by B.beyond C.within D.from
26. remain 为不及物动词，意为“留下，剩余，残存”
It remains to be seen ...为一固定搭配，意为“....还要看情况发展”
Although he has taken a lot of medicine,his health____________poor.
A.proves B.remains C.keeps D.continues
27. wheat-growing种植小麦的
常见形容词的复合结构
adj + n + -ed warm-hearted
adj + v -ing easy-going
adv + v -ing hard-working
n + v -ing English-speaking
n + p.p man-made
adv + p.p newly-built
n + adj life-long
num + n + adj twelve-year-old
num + n + -ed three-legged
num + n second-hand
We used to live in____________,which as pulled down last year.
A:a two-storeys wooden house B:two-storey wooden house
C:a two-storey wooden house D:wooden house two storied
28. dawn n.黎明，拂晓；开端；萌芽；曙光 V.(一天或一个时期）开始；变得明朗；开始清楚
at dawn 在黎明 before dawn 拂晓之前
from dawn till dusk=from morning till night 从早到晚
from dawn of history 历史的开端
summer’s early dawns 夏日早到的黎明
dawn on sb 使某人开始明白

同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1. 名词作同位语
　　Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2. 短语作同位语
　　I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语
　　But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”
4. 句子作同位语
　　The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
◆◆◆同位语从句用法
一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。）
I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 （即should+动词原形；should可省）
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？
二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）
1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
3. 其它引导词引导的同位语从句
A、连接代词what, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语）
B、连接副词when, where, how, why 引导同位语从句
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
◆◆◆定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.意义的不同
　　同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2.被修饰词语的区别
A．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。
例如：①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
　　 ②Those who work hard will succeed．
　　③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
　　④The fact that you are talking about is important．
　　在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
　　在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
　　在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。
　　由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
　　B．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
　　例如：①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
　　 ②I have no idea when she will be back．
　　在①句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；
　　在②句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。
3.引导词的不同
　　定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
　　A．引导词that
　　引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。
　　例如：
　　①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
　　②We heard the news that our team had won．
　　在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，tha