牛津高中英语模块五语言点.doc

牛津高中英语模块五语言点 2012/8/10
Unit 1 Getting along with others
一、Reading
1. betray: vt. 背叛，出卖，泄露
betray sth to sb: 向某人出卖∕泄露……
betray oneself: 露出原形
betrayal: [biˋtreəl] n. 背叛
① He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy.
② She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.
她说她很难过，但她的眼神里却露出她内心的喜悦。
③ an act of betrayal: 背叛的行为
2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have sounded……quiz, saying how easy it was.
⑴ must have done: 一定做过…… ⑵ “saying how easy it was”为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。
3. fail sth: 未能通过……
fail to do sth: 未能做……
① I failed my driving test the first time I took it.
② He never fails to write to his mother every week.
4. pretend sth: 假装，扮作……
pretend to do sth: 假装做……
pretend that: 假装……
① He pretended illness as an excuse.
② Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in.
③ She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.
5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt.
(1) 承认 admit (doing) sth: 承认做……
admit that: 承认……
admit sb to be + n / adj: 承认某人是……
① He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car.
② We all admit him to be a fool.
(2) 允许……进入，接受,录取
admit sb to / into sth: 允许……进入……
① Each ticket admits two people to the party.
② Tom has been admitted into Peking University.
6. beg (sb) to do sth: 恳请（某人）做……
beg (sb) for sth: 恳请（某人）……
beg (for) sth: 乞讨……
① I beg you not take any risks.
② He begged her for forgiveness.
③ John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.
7. keep one’s secret: 保守秘密
keep one’s word / promise: 遵守诺言
break one’s word / promise: 违背诺言
8. (Page 2, Line 18) ……paper that said……
say: vt. 写到，表明；显示
read: vt. 写着；指示，显示
① The clock said it was 7: 30.
② I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.
9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi.
(1) 发誓，宣誓
swear to do sth: 发誓做……
swear that: 发誓……
① Mona swore never to return to home.
② Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇).
(2) 咒骂，诅咒 swear at sb: 咒骂……
Rich(里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.
10. spy on sth: 监视∕窥探……
These days I have been spying on the enemy’s movements.
11. focus: vt. & vi. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦
n. 焦点，重点
focus sth on sth: 集中……于……
focus on sth: 集中注意……
① The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area.
② I was so tired to focus on anything.
③ The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.
12. manner: n. 方式；举止，态度[C]
manners: n. (1) 礼貌，礼仪 (2) 风俗，习惯
in this manner: 用这种方式
table manners: 餐桌礼仪
It’s good / bad manners to do sth: 做……有∕无礼貌
① He objected in a forceful manner. 他坚决反对。
② It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴都是食物说话不礼貌。
13. guilty: adj. 内疚的，有罪的
be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因为……而内疚
be guilty of sth: 犯……罪
① I feel guilty about not visiting him often.
② He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。
③ The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
14. remark: n. & v. 谈论，评论，谈到
make a remark about sb: 议论……
make no remark: 不加评论
remark on sth: 谈论……
remark that: 谈到，说起
① She could hear others were making rude remarks about her.
② I couldn’t help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。
③ The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
④ Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。
15. argue with sb about / over sth: 因为……与某人争吵
argue that: 认为
argue sb into / out of doing sth: 说服某人（不）做……
◆◆argument: n. 争论；争吵；争议；论点；论据
① We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses.
② He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals.
③ They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。
因为……向某人道歉
16. apologize to sb for sth:
make an apology to sb for sth:
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 对……体贴 (2) 对……敏感
① She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married.
② A writer mustn’t be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反映过激。
18. blame: vt. 责备，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责[U]
blame sb for (doing) sth: 因为……责备某人
blame sth on sb: 把……归咎于……
sb be to blame for sth: 某人因为……应受责备
take the blame: 承担责任
① A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。
② Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors.
③ You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper.
④ It is I who am to blame for the mistake.
⑤ You can’t expect Jerry to take all the blame.
二、Project
1. the attitude towards sth: 对于……的态度
What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?
2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于； (2) 抛锚，停船； (3) 固定
n. 锚，支柱
drop / cast anchor: 抛锚
be anchored in sth: 扎根于
① They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊。
② We anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。
③ Literature must be anchored on our life.
④ Home is his anchor when he is away on business.
3. be cautious about sth: 对……小心∕谨慎
cautiousness: n. 小心∕谨慎[U]
These people are cautious about spending money. 这些人用钱仔细。
4. be eager to do sth: 急于做……
be eager for sth: 急于∕渴望……
① Clara(克莱拉) was eager to tell her side of the story. 克莱拉急于讲述她对那件事的看法。
② She was eager for success.
5. respond: vi. 作出反应；回答
respond to sth / respond that: 对…..作出反应；回答……
① She responded to my letter with a phone call.
② The doctor responded that he couldn’t tell the name of the disease.
6. response: n. 反应；回应；答复
in response to sth: 以回应……
make response to sth: 回应……
make no response: 不作回答
① The laws were passed in response to public pressure.
② He made no response to my question.
7. regardless: adv. (1) 不管怎样；无论如何（用在句末）
(2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顾
① You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless.
② All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits(价值，优点).
8. end up: 结果为；以…….结束
end up + 介词短语∕adj∕doing
① If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
② If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead. 他照那样开车，早晚得丢命。
③ Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.
9. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于……
① This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
② She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence.
她非常忠于职守，一个卓越的女警。
因为……与某人吵架
10. quarrel with sb about sth:
have a quarrel with sb about sth:
We aren’t going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars.
11. in conclusion / to conclude: 总之
In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. 最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
12. mercy: n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽容
at the mercy of sb: 任由……摆布
怜悯某人
show mercy to sb:
have mercy on sb:
leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb: 任凭某人受……摆布
① They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
② The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(难民).
③ He won’t leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.
13. get through: vt. 完成；通过；批准通过
get through to sb / sth: 到达……；接通……的电话
① get through a task / an exam.
② Millions of refugees will die if these supplies don’t get through to them.
③ With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.
14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交[C] (2) 认识，了解[U, C]
结识……
make one’s acquaintance:
make the acquaintance of sb:
of one’s acquaintance: 所认识∕理解的
on first acquaintance: 初次相见时
① I am delighted to make your acquaintance.
② a certain lawyer of my acquaintance.
③ Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasn’t the right type. 初次见面就看出他不是对路子的人。

Unit 2 The environment
一、Reading
1. debate: vt. & n. 辩论，争论，讨论
debate sth with sb: 与……争论∕讨论……
open a debate: 展开讨论
under debate: 在讨论∕辩论中
◆◆debater: 辩论者
① We opened a heated debate about the bill(议案) with them.
② The whole question of compensation(赔偿) is still under debate.
2. floor: 发言权
open the floor: 自由发言
take the floor: 开始发言
have the floor: 有发言权
① The president then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions.
② The senator(参议员) have no floor in the debate.
3. A……times + what 从句: ……几倍于……
The company can produce 10 times what it did last year.
4. cut back on sth: 减少，削减
We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.
5. have a duty to do sth: 有义务∕责任做……
be on duty / off duty: 值班∕下班
Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。
6. be greedy for sth: 贪图……
As we know, the corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.
7. credit: n. (1) 赞扬，认可 (2) 信用 (3) 学分[C] (4) 存款[U]；借款[C]
creditable: [ˊkreditəbl] adj. 值得赞扬的，可信的 a creditable attempt
give sb credit to sb: 赞扬∕认可……
be in credit: 有存款
① You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in.
② There are no bank charges if you stay in debt.
③ The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.
8. a large quantity of + n[U, C]: 许多的 （作主语，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化）
Large quantities of + n[U, C]: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）
① A large quantity of money has been spent on the research.
② A large quantity of books were donated to these children.
③ Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.
9. ask around: 四处打听
I will ask around and see if anyone can help.
10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵输送； (2) 给……打气； (3) 倾注，灌注（into）
vi. 涌出；涌流
n. 泵，抽水机，打气筒
◆◆ pump sth + 介词 + n
① The heart pumps blood around the body.
② Pump air into a tyre.
③ He pumped plenty of funds into the new project. 他向新工程倾注了大量的资金。
④ Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像喷泉似的从他腹部涌出。
11. sth run out: ……用光
run out of sth: 用光……
use sth up: 用光……
① Let’s hurry, our time is running out.
② We have ran out of what we had at hand.
12. responsibility: n. (1) 责任[U] (2) 义务[C]
take responsibility for sth: 对……负责
have a responsibility to do sth: 有义务做……
① He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity.
② Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.
二、Grammar
1. 动词 + it + when / if 从句：
enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。It指代if从句或when从句所叙述的内容。例如：
① She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
② He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
③ I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
④ I prefer it if I didn’t have do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
⑤ I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
2. impress: vt. (1) 使印象深刻，打动
impress sb with sth: 用……打动某人∕给某人留下印象
be impressed by / with sth: 因为……被打动∕而留下印象
① He impressed her with his sincerity(真诚).
② I was deeply impressed by his story.
(2) 使铭记，铭刻
impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth: 使某人铭记……；铭刻……在……上
① The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records.
经理让办公室职员铭记做精确记录的重要性。
② His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。
3. impression: n. 印象，感想
first impression: 第一印象
make an impression on sb: 给……留下印象
be under the impression that: 原以为，误认为
① First impression can be deceptive(骗人的).
② It was their determination that made a deep impression on me.
③ I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来。
4. conflict: vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突，矛盾
conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
be in conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
① Their account(描述) of the event conflicted with ours.
② Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.
③ They don’t have religious beliefs(宗教信仰) that would be in conflict with Lina’s choice.
5. opening: n. ⑴ 开口，孔，洞
⑵ 开始，开端 the opening of a book / a speech
⑶ 开张，开业 the opening of the new sports center
6. drill: v. 钻孔，打眼
n. 训练，练习
① drill for oil: 钻井探油
② They are drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 他们正在泰晤士河底下钻一条新隧道。
③ fire-drill：消防演习
④ pronunciation drills: 发音练习
7. at a nation level: 从国家方面
At the national level, Jamaica's disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Committee (NDC) and its six sub-committees.
8. in flames: 在烈焰中，燃烧着
① The whole building went up in flames. 整栋建筑物在大火中烧毁。
② The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飞机被击中起火坠落。
三、Project
1. raise concern: 引起关注
在国内外
2. nationally and internationally
at home and abroad
The great fire raised great concern nationally and internationally.
3. range: n. 范围；一系列；山脉；靶场，射击场
vi. (1) (在……范围内) 变化 (2) 包括 (3) 排列
a range of sth: 一系列…..
a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各种各样的……
range from sth to sth / range between sth and sth: 在……与……之间变化
in / within range (of sth): 在（……的）范围内
out of range (of sth): 超出（……的）范围；在（……的）范围以外
① We have students from a wide range of background.
我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。
② She had different plenty of jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
③ The great mountain range of the Alps: 雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉。
④ a rifle range: 步枪靶场
⑤ The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
4. put sth in danger: 使……危险
Corruption will make the dam in danger when heavy flood occurs.
5. in / with regard to sth
关于……
regarding
concerning
① I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
② She said nothing regarding your request.
③ We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
6. be under way: 进行中
The plan is now well under way.
7. appreciate: vt. 欣赏；感激；理解
I would appreciate it + if 从句: 如果……，我将不胜感激。
appreciation: [ə͵pri:ʃiʹeiʃn] n. 欣赏，感激
appreciative: [ə͵pri:ʃiʹeitiv] adj. 有欣赏力的，感激的
be appreciative of sth: 感激……
① His ability was fully appreciated by his employer.
② I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
③ To show our appreciation for your work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
④ I’m most appreciative of your generosity.
8. let off: vt. (1) 宽恕，不惩罚 (2) 放（枪等），使爆炸
① They let us off.
② The boys were letting off fireworks.
9. public transport: 公共交通
10. (Page 39, Line 20) You should find ways to use them again without throwing them away.
without= instead of
11. absorb: vt. 吸收，理解，使全神贯注
be absorbed in sth: 专心于……
① Plants absorb nutrients from soil.
② Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
③ Absorbed in his study, he didn’t notice I came in.
12. do one’s part: 尽……的职责
Everyone should do his part to make contributions for his motherland.
Unit 3 Science and nature
一、Reading
1. (Page 42, Line 3) ……point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce……
当宾语从句是主从复合句，而且从句在前时，that不可以省略；当宾语从句后的主从复合句中的从句在后时，that可以省略。例如：
Father promised that if I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.
Father promised (that) he take me to Beijing if I studied harder.
2. be on one’s way to doing sth: 就快……
He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company. 他就快当上公司的高官了。
3. intention: n. 意图，目的，打算
with the intention of sth: 怀着……的意图
有意做……
have the intention of doing sth:
have the intention to do sth:
① He went to the library with the intention of finding some valuable books.
② We have no intention of deserting the land we have occupied.
4. adopt: vt. ⑴ 领养，收养 ⑵ 采用，采纳
adopted: adj. 领养的，过继的
adoption: n. ⑴ 领养，收养 ⑵ 采用，采纳
① Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan(孤儿).
② adopted son