中考考点专题连词.doc

中考考点专题——连词
一、并列连词：
（一）连词的概念：
连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。

（二）并列连词的分类：
表示意思转折的连词
But, yet, however
表示因果关系的连词
For, so, therefore
其他并列连词
And, or, either…or, neither…nor
not only…but also, both…and,
as well as
例句：Slow but sure.  要慢而稳。
She’ll be back either this week or next week.  她将在这周或下周回来。
I went and she went also.  我去了，她也去了。

（三）并列连词的用法：
1、 并列连词and和or：
①and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：
a. 两个并列的动词：
We were singing and dancing all evening.  整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
b. 名词、形容词等：
This apple is big and red.
Would you like fish or beef? 
c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：
I said it and I meant it.  我说话算数。
②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile.  他会得寸进尺。
③or可连接分句，表示“否则”：
Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.  别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。
2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:
①but和yet的用法：
The weather will be sunny but cold.  天气会晴朗但很冷。
It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。
②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”。
a. however:
    His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。
b. still:
It’s raining; still I’d like to go.   天在下雨，但我还是要去。
③词组all the same:
She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes. 
她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。
3、表示因果的连词：
① for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。
The days were short, for it was now December. 
白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。
She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.
她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。
② so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.
我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车
③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。
4、both... and 的用法
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。
【难点】
5、就近原则：
1）neither…nor…
Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.
2）not only…but also…
Not only you but also he likes football.
3）either…or…
Either Jim or Peter is right.
4）not…but…
Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.
6、as well as的用法:
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.
我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。
［辨析］
(1) because、as、since、for的用法：because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面；另外,回答why的问句只能用because. as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害）/ As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.（既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧）/ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.（既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧）/ We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.（我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始）
(2)if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如：I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）
[注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if：①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时。如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.（下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题）(引导主语从句) / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.（请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿）(作动词的宾语) / Hainan is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter.（海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏）(引导让步状语从句)/ Please let me know whether you need my help.（请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助）(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)
(3)while、when、as的用法区别：while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如：Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.（我写作业时请不要打扰我）/ I’ll go home when I have finished my job.（我干完了活儿就回去）/ They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.（他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音）/ As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.（当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话）
(4)till/until与not…till/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.（我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来）(stay这个动作一直进行到你return) / They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.（他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的）
另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.（我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟）/ Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒装句）
(5)though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.（尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试）/ she won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.（她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭）/ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心）
(6)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别：prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢英语）/ I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. （与日语相比我更喜欢学英语）

【基础练习】

（一）根据句意选用and, but, or, so, while, for填空。
1. The ground is wet, _________ it rained last night.
2. It's a fine day today, _________ everyone is busy.
3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't know all your names.
4. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you'll get wet.
5. Do you understand what I said _________ do you want me to explain it again?
6. We have classes in the morning, _________ we don't have classes in the afternoon.
7. She is a doctor _________ I am a teacher.
8. Use your head, _________ you'll find a way.
9. They went to the zoo yesterday, _________ they didn't see any animals.
10. I must go now, _________ it's getting dark.
11. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree.
12.—Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?
—I'm sorry, _________ there aren't any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?
13. Never give up, _________ you'll make it.
14. She was very thirsty, _________ she drank some water from the river.
15. You must work hard, _________ you'll fall behind.
16. The dress was very expensive, _________ I didn't buy it.
17. My uncle doesn't have much money,_________ he always enjoys himself.
18.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like to, _________ I'm busy.
12、 Get up early tomorrow, _________ you won't get there before seven.

（二） 选择最佳答案：
( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.
A. but B. or C. and D. not
( ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.
A. or B. and C. with D. nor
( ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
( ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.
A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is
C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; is
( ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.
A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and
( ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.
A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is
C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are
( ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and
( ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.
A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or
( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_______ football.
A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play
( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_______ sent to the country.
A. are B. were C. have D. was
( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates_______ interested in the new book.
A. are B. were C. is D. have
( ) 14 ______ she ______ I knows his telephone number, because it has been changed.
A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor
( ) 15 _______ Jack _______ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busy with their lessons.
A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Not; but D. Neither; nor
( ) 16 You may sit_______ this end_______ that end of the boat.
A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. between; and
( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _______ too big ________ too small.
A. or; or B. either; or C. neither; nor D. both; and
( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_______ read_______ write.
　 A. not; but B. not; and C. neither; nor D. either; or
( ) 19 We should learn_______ from books._______ from workers and farmers.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. as; as
( ) 20 We went_______ to the cinema, _______ to the park.
A. did not; / B. not; but C. either; or D. both; and
二、从属连词：
1．分类：
从句种类
主要从属连词
时间从句
when, while, as, before, after,until,till,whenever
条件从句
if, unless
目的从句
in order that, so that
结果从句
so…that, such…that, so that, so
原因从句
because, as, since
让步从句
although, though, even though(if), while
方式从句
as if, as though
地点从句
where, wherever
比较从句
than, as
[说明]that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。
2．引导时间状语从句的连词(重点)：
when: Don’t get excited when you talk.  讲话时别激动。
while: We must strike while the iron is hot.  我们要趁热打铁。
as: He smiled as he passed.  他经过时笑了笑。
before: It will be five years before we meet again.  要五年后咱们才能再相见。
after: I’ll tell them after you leave.  我将在你走后告诉他们。
until, till: I propose waiting till the police get here.  我建议等警察来了再说。
since: How long is it since you came to London?  你到伦敦有多久了？
whenever: Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。
3．引导条件状语从句的连词(重点)：
1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：
if: If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home.
unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.  我不写信，除非他先给我写。
2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：(难点)
You will always have a home as long as I have anything.
只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。
4．引导目的状语从句的连词：（重点）
in order that:
I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday.
我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。
so that:
Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.
让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。
5．引导结果状语从句的连词：
1）结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：
so…that:
He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door. 
他胖得连门都过不去了。
such…that:
Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.
吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
6．引导原因状语从句的连词：
because: Because it rained he took a taxi.  由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
as: As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.  既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。
Since: Since you will go there, I will go too.
7．让步状语从句的连词：
although / though:
Though / Although it is not large, the room was light .  房间虽然不大，采光却很好。
even if:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
8．引导方式状语从句的连词
as: You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。
like: She can’t draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。
as if / as though:
He looked about as if looking for something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。
9．引导地点状语从句的连词：（难点）
where: I’ll drive you where you’re going.  你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。
wherever: We’ll go wherever you say.  你说哪里我们就到哪里。
everywhere:
Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion.
不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。
no matter where:
Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are.
不管在哪里你都要带着手机。
10．引导比较状语从句的连词：
than: You sing better than I do.  你的歌唱的比我好。
as: That’s not so simple as it sounds.  那事并不像听起来那么简单。
11． 引导其他从句的连词：
1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：
that: She always complains that he is down on her.  她老是抱怨他看不起她。
whether: I don’t know whether you like flowers.  我不知道你喜不喜欢花。
2）that和whether 还可以引导表语从句：
that: The fact is that he doesn’t really try.  事实是他没有真正去努力。
whether: The point is whether we ought to recommend him.  问题是我们是否应当推荐他。

【基础练习】
（一）选择所给的连词填空：
when, because, but, before, if, so….that, as….as, not…until, and, after, or, since
1. Hurry up, please! _______you’ll be late for school.
2. She ________go to bed ______ her mother came back.
3. Yesterday Jim didn’t go to see the film, ________he must go over his lessons.
4. The students were talking about the sports meeting _______ the teacher came in.
5. I was ______tired ________I couldn’t walk any more.
6. This building is _______ tall ________ that one.
7. Tom was ill yesterday, ________he still went to school as usual.
8. He asked me ______I would go there with him.
9. We have studied here ________ 1994.
10. The child had studied English for two years ________he went to middle school.
11. _______the boy finished his homework, he went to bed.
12. Study hard on your subjects, ________you’ll do well in the exam.
（二）选择最佳答案：
( )1. Liu Ming told us ____ his class were excited by the news.
A. when B. how C. that D. before
( )2. My father didn’t come back ____ he finished all the work.
A. until B. while C. if D. as soon as
( )3. More people came ____ I had expected.
A. as if B. so that C. since D. than
( )4. He can’t decide which to choose ____ there’s no difference between them.
A. but B. so C. because D. and
( )5. Life today is easier ____ it was hundreds of years ago.
A. than . as C. what D. when
( )6. ____ the teacher came into the classroom, all the children stood up.
A. Whether B. As well as C. If D. As soon as
( )7. ____ the population of a city grows, its problems also grow.
A. As B. With C. As soon D. If
( )8. The film was so moving ____ Mike wanted to see it again.
A. that B. and C. so D. where
( )9. ____ the card is lost during your stay in the hotel, please call the service center.
A. What B. Before C. Because D. If

【中等题】
（一）并列连词
1. That was a long_______ dull talk.
A. so B. and C. so that D. or
2. _______ the parents_________ their children wanted to move to the country.
A. Both, as well as B. Neither, nor
C. Either, and D. Both, also
3. He won't live in town, _____will his wife.
A. either B. neither C. also D. too
4. Charlie took the job,_______ he did it very well.
A. so B. yet C. and D. so that
5. My grandfather is in his eighties, ______he is still in good health.
A. or B. but C. so D. for
6. — It's nothing serious. Just stay in bed for one or two days. ______ take it easy.
— All right.
A. Still B. And C. But also D. But
7. Think it over_________ you will find a way