高考英语语法填空解题技巧和方法.doc

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高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法
语法填空的考点或考查内容是：
(1)纯空格题：通常考 冠词、介词、代词和连词 等四类词。一个空格只能填 一个单词。
(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填 多个个单词
语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.) 考查各项语法内容。
考点一：冠词
• 无提示词
• 名词之前
1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]_ ___ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. (14一模)
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]_ __ shy , nervous perfectionist. (15二模)
3. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to [40]_ ___ small town some 20 kilometers away (12年)
4. I still remember taking [22] ___ visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub for lunch.
考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词的用法
[解题技巧]
下列情况很可能填 ：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填 ：
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
1. He’s ___ amazing singer, a music video director, a business owner and he ……
2. One way that Americans do this is with __ firm hand shake.
3. This is ____ law of American—of all successful people.
4. hour
honest boy
_____ 8-year-old boy
X-ray photo/umbrella/American
考点二：介词
• 无提示词：注意搭配问题
• 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等
• 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1. In short, I believe that it is [39]________ great use to keep a dairy in English…
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]_________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale.
4. He was very tired _______________ doing this for a whole day…
考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配

考点三：代词
• 无提示词
• 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
• 指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等
1. She remembered how difficult _________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____ .
3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile…
考查语法点: 代词的基本用法
[解题技巧]
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。

考点四：连词或从句引导词
• 无提示词
• 两个主谓结构连接
1. Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains 16 the area is called the Black Country.
2. It got its name during the industrial revolution, 17 factory pollution turned the local skies black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法
[解题技巧]
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。

考点五：谓语动词
• 有提示词
• 与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (15广州一模)
2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (14深圳二模)
3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.(15广东)
考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致

考点六：非谓语动词
• 有提示词
• 除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]__________ (receive) the gift.
2. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest!
3. My pupils, Donnie [40]__________ (include), adored her.
4. Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉毛) (raise). (11广州一模)
考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用

考点七：词性转换
.有提示词
介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]__________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my [37] ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.
4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化
考点八：形容词的级
• 有提示词
• 通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级
1.One of the [33]__________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…
2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _________ (great) writers of our time.(双语报)
小结
一．根据句子结构，确定词性
一般有提示词: 动词, 名词 , 形容词 , 副词.
无提示词: 冠词 ,介词, 连词, 代词.
二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形
冠词 定冠词,不定冠词
代词 人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词
连词 并列句及复合句
介词 介词的常用用法及词组搭配
谓语动词 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致
非谓语 非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形
词性变化 词汇, 构词法
解题四步走 通读全文,理解大意
分析句子,确定词性
根据语义, 确定词形
检查搭配, 前后连贯

一
语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Once there lived a rich man   31   wanted to do something for the people of his town.   32   first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed   33   very large stone. Then he   34  (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.   35   man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove  36  . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone,   37  (say) to himself: “The night   38  (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”    Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his   39  (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last!   40   the stone, he found a bag of money.

语法填空
The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_  investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the  32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from  _33  countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive developments  __35__ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns.  __36___  concern relates to a lack of control over__37__  appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are  38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can  __39__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40____ their children to see.
二
2015年新课标I
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ___66___ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015年 新课标II
The adobe dwellings(土坯房） 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition”a house without 64 (use） electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow) during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day: 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle 68 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

三

语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
In my free time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, wait until it boots up__36_ (complete), and then I go online. I usually check my email first and then write a few messages __37_ family and friends. I sometimes scan the local news headlines at _38___ favorite news Website and read up on the latest local and international news. This Website often provides video news clips_39___ you can view online.
I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and__40_(buy) what I'm looking for. For example,I ___41____  (order)a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems__ 42 __ using the Internet including scams, identify theft, and viruses, so I'm very careful not to give
out my_43__ (person) information. Furthermore, I don't download or open files I don't recognize. __44__(use) the Internet can be fun and a convenient way of shopping and finding out new information, but you just need to be__45___(care).

语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear  ______31________ spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.
There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. _______37_______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the languang. “Learn through use” is a good piece of _____38______(advise) for those ______39______are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and ____40____(write) the language whenever we can.
四
2014-新课标I
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).

2014-新课标II
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _61(be) late for school.
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62____ some of them looked very anxious and ___63__(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __64_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __65___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____66___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____67___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____68___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____69___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers ___70__(sudden) became friendly to one another.

五
语法填空
Crying marriage?  31   (surprise), isn’t it? Actually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and   32  (remain) in fashion   33   the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a   34   (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much   35   same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding.   36  , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon   37   as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughings